Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Overview/prevalence

PCOS, or polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common cause of infertility in women. 

Symptoms

PCOS may cause menstrual irregularities, symptoms of excess hormones and cysts in the ovaries. Excess hormones may cause male pattern hair loss, facial hair and acne. 40-85% of women with PCOS are overweight or obese. There is also an association with PCOS and mood disorders. 

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of PCOS is based on history and physical examination. In some cases labs and ultrasound may be beneficial. 

The diagnosis is based on 2 of 3 following: 

-irregular periods

-clinical signs or labs showing increased androgen hormones

-polycystic ovaries on ultrasound 

Treatment

The goal of treatment is to:

-reduce the risk of endometrial cancer 

-manage any underlying metabolic conditions to improve the risk of Diabetes and heart 

disease

-improving the symptoms of increased hormones such as facial hair, acne and hair loss 

-trying to improve fertility if trying to get pregnant 

-weight loss for overweight or obese women with PCOS 

-oral contraceptives may be an option to help regulate hormones and manage menstrual 

irregularities 

Complication 

PCOS increases the risk of Diabetes, infertility, heart disease, metabolic syndrome and endometrial cancer.