One of the criteria to determine brain death is the irreversible absence of cerebral and brainstem reflexes including pupillary, oculocephalic, oculovestibular (caloric), corneal, gag, sucking, swallowing, and extensor posturing. Some of the other criteria for determination of brain death include: 1. Absence of respiratory drive (apnea) off the ventilator for a duration that is sufficient to produce hypercarbic drive (usually 10 to 20 minutes to achieve pC02 of 50 to 60 mmHg) ( 2. Body temperature below 34 C (93.2 F) 3. EEG isoelectric for 30 minutes at maximal gain 4. Absence of cerebral circulation by Doppler or magnetic resonance angiography 5. At least 24 hours of observation in adults with anoxic-ischemic brain damage with a negative drug screen

Eye Movement Terminology

, Liver hydatid cysts of the liver was treated with laparoscopic intervantion . The cysts was located in the eight segment of the liver.

Live Surgery: Upper Eyelid Reconstruction - Tenzel Flap

How to Grow a New Fingertip

Sliced Fingertip Makeup Tutorial

Thumb Tip Regeneration! IV3000 Wound Dressing for Thumb / Finger Trauma

To learn how to give multiple vaginal orgasms

The fuel for the process leading to orgasm is testosterone, a hormone produced in steady supply by the testicles. The testicles also make millions of sperm each day, which mature and then are mixed with whitish, protein-rich fluids. These fluids nourish and support the sperm so they can live after ejaculation for a limited time. This mixture of fluid and sperm, known as semen, is what is moved through the urethra and out the penis during orgasm.

Conduct disorder (CD) is a mental disorder diagnosed in childhood or adolescence that presents itself through a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms are violated. These behaviors are often referred to as "antisocial behaviors."

Diagnosis of this condition is based on clinical symptoms alone, as there are no diagnostic laboratory tests. In order to meet the criteria for Tourette syndrome, both motor and vocal tics must be present before the age of 21 , and the tics must occur many times a day for at least 12 months which is the case in this patient. Tourette syndrome is associated with several comorbid conditions, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) the most common. OCD is therefore the condition this child is most at risk of developing in the future.

The male reproductive system includes the scrotum, testes, spermatic ducts, sex glands, and penis. These organs work together to produce sperm, the male gamete, and the other components of semen.

Forehead Flap Nasal Reconstruction

This video illustrates several forms of catatonia including waxy flexibility, forced grasping, opposition, negativism and aversion.

Benzodiazepines are a class of agents that work on the central nervous system, acting selectively on gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptors in the brain. GABA is a neurotransmitter that inhibits or reduces the activity of nerve cells (neurons) within the brain. Benzodiazepines open GABA-activated chloride channels, and allow chloride ions to enter the neuron. This makes the neuron negatively charged and resistant to excitation.

Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include a classic triad of mental status changes (eg, anxiety, delirium, confusion, restlessness), autonomic dysregulation (eg, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, diarrhea, mydriasis), and neuromuscular hyperactivity (eg, hyperreflexia, tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, ocular clonus). Serotonin syndrome is clinically diagnosed and laboratory tests are used to rule out other etiologies. It usually occurs due to inadvertent interactions between drugs, therapeutic use of multiple serotonergic agents, or serotonergic medication overdose. Treatment involves discontinuation of serotonergic drugs, supportive measures, and sedation with benzodiazepines. In severe cases, a serotonin antagonist (cyproheptadine) may be used.

Lithium, a mood stabilizer used in bipolar disorder, has a narrow therapeutic index (small difference between therapeutic and toxic levels}. This patient's gradual onset of neurologic symptoms (slurred speech, confusion, tremors, and ataxia) is consistent with chronic lithium toxicity. Therapeutic lithium levels are 0.8- 1.2 mEq/L. Serum lithium levels >1.5 mEq/L confirm toxicity, and levels ;::2 .5 mEq/L require emergency management.

Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. There are four basic types of bipolar disorder; all of them involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels.

Hand Anatomy

Infant Child Needle Selection and Insertion Technique Animation Video