Rare condition disorder known as Diprosopus, also known as craniofacial duplication. Diprosopus is a congenital defect also known as craniofacial duplication. The exact description of diprosopus refers to a fetus with a single trunk, normal limbs, and facial features that are duplicated to a certain degree. A less severe instance is when the fetus has a duplicated nose and the eyes are spaced far apart. In the most extreme instances, the entire face is duplicated, hence the name diprosopus, which is Greek for two-faced. Fetuses with diprosopus often also lack brains (anencephaly), have neural tube defects, or heart malformations. In some cases, if the brain is formed, it may have duplicated structures. Most infants with diprosopus are stillborn and there are fewer than fifty cases documented since 1864.

A baby born with her heart pumping outside her body has stunned her parents and doctors in India.

This new surgical technique provide good stability for all type of fracture even severe comminution. Each fragment are reduced and several pin sleeves are inserted circumferentially and tighten by braded cable through the sleeve box. The final features of surgery seems blooming sunflower 'Himwari in Jananese'.

Gallstone ileus is an important, though infrequent, cause of mechanical bowel obstruction, affecting older adult patients who often have other significant medical conditions. It is caused by impaction of a gallstone in the ileum after being passed through a biliary-enteric fistula. The diagnosis is often delayed since symptoms may be intermittent and investigations fail to identify the cause of the obstruction. The mainstay of treatment is removal of the obstructing stone after resuscitating the patient. Gallstone ileus continues to be associated with relatively high rates of morbidity and mortality.

This tiny camera can capture images inside the brain.

Procedures Requiring General Anaesthesia

Trichinosis (trik-ih-NO-sis), sometimes called trichinellosis (trik-ih-nuh-LOW-sis), is a type of roundworm infection. Roundworm parasites use a host body to live and reproduce. Occurring primarily among meat-eating animals (carnivores) — especially bears, foxes and walruses — the infection is acquired by eating roundworm larvae in raw or undercooked meat. When humans eat undercooked meat containing trichinella larvae, the larvae mature into adult worms in the intestine over several weeks. The adult worms then produce larvae that travel through various tissues, including muscle. Trichinosis is most widespread in rural areas throughout the world. Trichinosis can be treated with medication, though it's not always necessary. It's also easy to prevent.

Bartholin gland Marsupialization in Primary Bartholin Cyst

Lumbar Laminotomy and Microdiscectomy

McMaster University technique of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy

Urogenital neoplasms spreading to the inguinal lymph nodes are penile carcinoma (the most frequent), urethral and scrotum cancers, tumors of the testis with scrotal violation. Penile carcinoma is an uncommon malignant disease and accounts for as many 0.4-0.6% of male cancers. Most patients are elder...ly. It rarely occurs in men under age 60 and its incidence increases progressively until it reaches a peak in the eighth decade 1. The risk of a lymph node invasion is greater with high grade and high stage tumors 2. Some investigators have reported the inaccuracy of the sentinel node biopsy 3, 4, described by Cabanas 5. Patients with metastatic lymph node penis cancer have a very poor prognosis if penectomy only is performed. Ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy is basically carried out as a treatment modality and not only as a staging act. Patients with lymph node invasion have a 30-40% cure rate. Ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy should be also performed in patients with disseminated neoplasms for the local control of the disease. The 5 years survival rate of patients with clinically negative lymph nodes treated with a modified inguinal lymphadenectomy is 88% versus 38% in patients not initially treated with lymphadenectomy 6. This video-tape clearly shows a therapeutic algorithm, the anatomy of the inguinal lymph nodes, according to Rouviere 7 and Daseler 8, the radical ilioinguinal node dissection with transposition of the sartorius muscle and the modified inguinal lymphadenectomy proposed by Catalona 9. References: 1. Lynch D.F. and Schellhammer P: Tumors of the penis. In Campbell’s Urology Seventh Edition, edited by Walsh P.C., Retik A.B., Darracott Vaughan E. and Wein A.J. W.B. Saunders Company, Vol. 3, chapt. 79, p. 2458, 1998. 2. Pizzocaro G., Piva L., Bandieramonte G., Tana S. Up-to-date management of carcinoma of the penis. Eur. Urol. 32: 5-15, 1997 3. Perinetti E., Crane D.B. and Catalona W.J. Unreliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging penile carcinoma. J. Urol. 124: 734, 1980 4. Fowler J.E. Jr. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging penile cancer. Urology 23: 352, 1984 5. Cabanas R.M. An approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma. Cancer 39: 456, 1977 6. Russo P. and Gaudin P. Management strategies for carcinoma of the penis. Contemporary Urology;5:48-66, 2000 7. Rouviere H. Anatomy of the human lymphatic system. Edwards Brothers, p. 218, 1938 8. Daseler E.H., Anson B.J., Reimann A.F. Radical excision of the inguinal and iliac lymph glands: a study based on 450 anatomical dissections and upon supportive clinical observations. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 87: 679, 1948 9. Catalona W.J. Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis with preservation of saphenous veins: technique and preliminary results. J. Urol. 140: 306-310, 1988

Fibroma Excision in the Cheek

Lipid-Lowering Agents HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) These agents inhibit the rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis by competitively inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase. Note the following: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) reduction of 25%-60% Examples include Atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin Contraindications include hypersensitivity, active liver disease, pregnancy, lactation, coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (selected statins) Vitamin B3 Vitamin B3 inhibits very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis. Note the following: LDL reduction of 10% High-density lipoprotein (HDL) increase of 20% Example includes Niacin (nicotinic acid) Contraindications include hypersensitivity, liver disease, active peptic ulcer, severe hypotension, arterial bleeding Fibrates Fibrates enhance lipoprotein lipase, resulting in increased VLDL catabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and triglycerides elimination. They decrease hepatic extraction of free fatty acids. Note the following: LDL reduction of 15% Triglyceride reduction of 35% Examples include Gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, fenofibrate (micronized), fenofibric acid Contraindications include active liver disease, renal disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, gallbladder disease 2-Azetidiones These agents inhibit sterol transporter at brush border and, consequently, intestinal absorption of cholesterol. LDL reduction of 15% Example includes Ezetimibe Contraindications include hypersensitivity, coadministration with statins (if active liver disease) Bile acid sequestrants These agents lower cholesterol and LDL via bile duct sequestration. Note the following: LDL reduction of 15% Examples include Cholestyramine, colesevelam, colestipol Contraindications include biliary/bowel obstruction, serum triglycerides >300-500 mg/dL, history of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis

Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a procedure to remove tissue from inside your uterus. Doctors perform dilation and curettage to diagnose and treat certain uterine conditions — such as heavy bleeding — or to clear the uterine lining after a miscarriage or abortion.

Ultrasonic Scaling

Myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cell, a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system. This animation explains how a plasma cell can become cancerous and turn into a myeloma cell.

A posterior Gastroenteral side to side anastomosis is presented. The procedure is made with circular stapler. After a good hemostasis of the suture has been obtained, the gastrotony is closed with linear stapler and running suture.

This is a 60 year man having large swelling of size 7cm x 5 cm behind neck for one year. Patient complained pain and tenderness over local area for 7 days and came to us.On examination punctum found in the centre of swelling and fluctuation positive.Infected sebaceous cyst diagnosis made. /nIncision and drainage surgery done under local anesthesia.all infected pultaceous material evacuated.Pus culture sent and antibiotics given as per sensitivity report./nPatient improved with daily dressing.

Pregnancy is one of the beautiful phases of a woman’s life after their marriage. The feeling of the baby growing inside the womb is exceptional and very special.

Diaphragms, rings, and implants