Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of one or more arteries that carry blood to your kidneys (renal arteries). Narrowing of the arteries prevents normal amounts of oxygen-rich blood from reaching your kidneys. Your kidneys need adequate blood flow to help filter waste products and remove excess fluids. Reduced blood flow may increase blood pressure in your whole body (systemic blood pressure) and injure kidney tissue.

Urinary incontinence — the loss of bladder control — is a common and often embarrassing problem. The severity ranges from occasionally leaking urine when you cough or sneeze to having an urge to urinate that's so sudden and strong you don't get to a toilet in time. If urinary incontinence affects your daily activities, don't hesitate to see your doctor. For most people, simple lifestyle changes or medical treatment can ease discomfort or stop urinary incontinence

Majority of patients these days prefer PCNL ( Minimal Invasive Telescopic removal of kidney stones broken with lithoclast, removed through a button hole incision ). This patient with a big stone in the pelvis of the kidney wanted it open only so I did an open pyelolithotomy for this patient after a long time as I use to do it in routine in the past. Except for the long incision and scar as compared to PCNL the recovery time was the same and patient went home third day happily walking and eating.

The most common symptoms of infection from animal bites are redness, pain, swelling, and inflammation at the site of the bite. You should seek immediate medical treatment if any of these symptoms continue for more than 24 hours. Other symptoms of infection include: pus or fluid oozing from the wound

Alexandra J. Golby, MD, Director, Image-guided Neurosurgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, discusses technological advancements to improve the precision of surgery to remove brain tumors.

It’s estimated that each year nearly 80,000 people are diagnosed with primary brain tumors and 100,000 with metastatic brain tumors. Nearly everybody is at risk for developing a brain tumor. Brain tumors can affect people from childhood to the last years of their lives. Men are slightly more affected than women and the causes of most brain tumors are not known.

There are a number of unique challenges in treating brain tumors. One challenge is that primary tumors can have indistinct margins that are difficult to see. Another challenge is that the tissue around a brain tumor is uniquely important and may impact things like language, visual and motor function.

The AMIGO Suite, opened in 2011 at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, is the Advanced Multimodality Image Guided Operating Suite. It's an NIH-funded national center which was developed with the goal of translating technological advances into improvements in surgical and interventional care for patients. In the AMIGO Suite, there is an intraoperative MRI scanner which can be brought in and out of the operating room during surgery to help surgeons visualize a patient’s tumor better.

Image-guided surgery uses the information obtained from advanced imaging and translates that into the planning and execution of surgery by acquiring high resolution and specialty structural images of the brain and also functional images of the brain. These images can be registered to one another and then to the patient's head during surgery. This allows surgeons to pinpoint the location of the tumor as well as the areas that we would like to preserve, areas that serve critical brain functions are located.

One of the big challenges, even with image-guided surgery, is that as we perform the surgery, the configuration of the brain is changing, and we call that brain shift. And it's due to changes in the brain itself and also as we remove tissue, things are constantly shifting and moving. When we're talking about doing brain tumor surgery, a few millimeters of movement can be a big difference. How to measure and track brain shift is an important area of research and a number of technologies are being studied to understand how to measure brain shift during surgery.

The development of various intraoperative imaging technologies allows surgeons to provide the most accurate surgical treatment for each individual patient.

Learn more about precision brain surgery at Brigham and Women’s Hospital:
https://www.brighamandwomens.o....rg/neurosurgery/brai

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (sometimes upper GI, UGI bleed, Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gastrorrhagia) refers to bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, commonly defined as bleeding arising from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. In fact, the proportion of UGIB cases caused by peptic ulcer disease has declined, a phenomenon that is believed to be due to the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H pylori therapy. Duodenal ulcers are more common than gastric ulcers, but the incidence of bleeding is identical for both.

Suprapubic Catheterization / Cystostomy

This patient presented to the ER for umbilical pain and had a history of umbilical hernia. He was concerned about the possibility of incarceration of the hernia.

In this video we explain how the clinical exam helps to differentiate a simple painful hernia from an incarcerated one.

***Thanks to the patient for sharing his history and exam with YouTube world***

Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is defined for practical purposes as vaginal bleeding occurring after twelve months of amenorrhoea, in a woman of the age where the menopause can be expected.[1] Hence it does not apply to a young woman, who has had amenorrhoea from anorexia nervosa, or a pregnancy followed by lactation. However, it can apply to younger women following premature ovarian failure or premature menopause. Unscheduled bleeding in women of menopausal age taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) should be managed in the same way from a practical perspective.[2] 'Unscheduled bleeding' is defined as non-cyclical bleeding still continuing six months after commencing HRT or after six months of amenorrhoea.

The typical radiograph is of a well-defined, rounded, retrocardiac opacity with an air-fluid level. In this image, the radiolucent gas is highlighted in blue, while the gastric contents are highlighted in the green. In many cases of hiatal hernia, there will not be an air bubble below the left hemidiaphragm. This is a relatively expected finding considering that the stomach is no longer in its usual position. The anatomical position of the herniated organ can be further elucidated on the lateral radiograph. Here we can see that the stomach is in the middle mediastinum posterior to the heart and above the diaphragm. Hiatal hernias can look similar to a retrocardiac lung abscess or another cavitary lesion, but it will change in size and shape between radiographs. Large hernias can shift the mediastinum to the right and result in a widening of the carinal angle. They can even give the appearance of cardiomegaly. In this radiograph, the cardiac silhouette is distinctly visible within the confines of the hiatal hernia. To review, a hiatal hernia on an AP chest radiograph typically appears as a round retrocardiac opacity with an air-fluid level.

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Disclaimer: All the information provided by Medical Education for Visual Learners and associated videos are strictly for informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice from your health care provider or physician. It should not be used to overrule the advice of a qualified healthcare provider, nor to provide advice for emergency medical treatment. If you think that you or someone that you know may be suffering from a medical condition, then please consult your physician or seek immediate medical attention.

Watch that Baby delivery Surgery video

Amazing animation: General Dentistry in 3D

A 29 years old man lost his left wrist in car turn over in 2014. this video is taken 1 year after replantation. You can see another videos in my site: https://drliaghatclinic.com, https://instagram.com/liaghatclinic, https://t.me/liaghatclinic

Hepatitis A is a highly contagious liver infection caused by the hepatitis A virus. The virus is one of several types of hepatitis viruses that cause inflammation and affect your liver's ability to function. You're most likely to contract hepatitis A from contaminated food or water or from close contact with someone who's infected. Mild cases of hepatitis A don't require treatment, and most people who are infected recover completely with no permanent liver damage. Practicing good hygiene, including washing hands frequently, is one of the best ways to protect against hepatitis A. Vaccines are available for people most at risk.

Atrial fibrillation (also called AFib or AF) is a quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia) that can lead to blood clots, stroke, heart failure and other heart-related complications. Some people refer to AF as a quivering heart. An estimated 2.7 million Americans are living with AF.

This video is brought to you by the Stanford Medicine 25 to teach you the common causes of shoulder pain and how to diagnose them by the physical exam.

The Stanford Medicine 25 program for bedside medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine aims to promote the culture of bedside medicine to make current and future clinicians and other healthcare provides better at the art of physical diagnosis and more confident at the bedside of their patients.

Visit us:
Website: http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/
Blog: http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/blog.html
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/StanfordMedicine25
Twitter: https://twitter.com/StanfordMed25

Diagnoses covered in this video:
Rotator Cuff Pathology
Impingement Syndrome
Biceps Tendinopathy
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Disease
Shoulder Instability
Labral Tears (SLAP Lesions)

Watch that video to learn How To Insert Enema

Bone is not a static part of the body — it's constantly being resorbed (broken down) and formed throughout your life. Your entire skeleton is replaced about every decade, according to the NIH. During your childhood and teenage years, bone formation occurs more quickly than bone resorption, resulting in growth. You reach your maximum bone density and strength around age 30, after which bone resorption slowly overtakes bone formation. Osteoporosis develops when there's an abnormal imbalance between bone resorption and formation — that is, resorption occurs too quickly, or formation too slowly.