This is video 1 of 2 on diabetic ketoacidosis (pathophysiology and signs of diabetic ketoacidosis / DKA):

Dr.Young Cho explains what happens during a tummy tuck procedure, and what he does to get that hourglass shape.

Alcoholic hepatitis can occur in people who drink heavily for many years. Symptoms include yellow skin and eyes along with increasing belly size due to fluid accumulation. Treatment involves hydration, nutritional care, and stopping alcohol use. Steroid drugs can help reduce liver inflammation.

Watch that video to know How To Firm And Lift Your Sagging Chest Naturally

Most of the time, treatment for hemorrhoids involves steps that you can take on your own, such as lifestyle modifications. But sometimes medications or surgical procedures are necessary. Medications If your hemorrhoids produce only mild discomfort, your doctor may suggest over-the-counter creams, ointments, suppositories or pads. These products contain ingredients, such as witch hazel or hydrocortisone, that can relieve pain and itching, at least temporarily. Don't use an over-the-counter cream or other product for more than a week unless directed by your doctor. These products can cause side effects, such as skin rash, inflammation and skin thinning. Minimally invasive procedures If a blood clot has formed within an external hemorrhoid, your doctor can remove the clot with a simple incision, which may provide prompt relief. For persistent bleeding or painful hemorrhoids, your doctor may recommend another minimally invasive procedure. These treatments can be done in your doctor's office or other outpatient setting. Rubber band ligation. Your doctor places one or two tiny rubber bands around the base of an internal hemorrhoid to cut off its circulation. The hemorrhoid withers and falls off within a week. This procedure — called rubber band ligation — is effective for many people. Hemorrhoid banding can be uncomfortable and may cause bleeding, which might begin two to four days after the procedure but is rarely severe. Injection (sclerotherapy). In this procedure, your doctor injects a chemical solution into the hemorrhoid tissue to shrink it. While the injection causes little or no pain, it may be less effective than rubber band ligation. Coagulation (infrared, laser or bipolar). Coagulation techniques use laser or infrared light or heat. They cause small, bleeding, internal hemorrhoids to harden and shrivel. While coagulation has few side effects, it's associated with a higher rate of hemorrhoids coming back (recurrence) than is the rubber band treatment. Surgical procedures If other procedures haven't been successful or you have large hemorrhoids, your doctor may recommend a surgical procedure. Surgery can be performed on an outpatient basis or you may need to stay in the hospital overnight. Hemorrhoid removal. During a hemorrhoidectomy, your surgeon removes excessive tissue that causes bleeding. Various techniques may be used. The surgery may be done with a local anesthetic combined with sedation, a spinal anesthetic or a general anesthetic. Hemorrhoidectomy is the most effective and complete way to treat severe or recurring hemorrhoids. Complications may include temporary difficulty emptying your bladder and urinary tract infections associated with this problem. Most people experience some pain after the procedure. Medications can relieve your pain. Soaking in a warm bath also may help. Hemorrhoid stapling. This procedure, called stapled hemorrhoidectomy or stapled hemorrhoidopexy, blocks blood flow to hemorrhoidal tissue. Stapling generally involves less pain than hemorrhoidectomy and allows an earlier return to regular activities. Compared with hemorrhoidectomy, however, stapling has been associated with a greater risk of recurrence and rectal prolapse, in which part of the rectum protrudes from the anus. Talk with your doctor about what might be the best option for you.

The lumps may be hard or rubbery and can appear as a single breast lump that may be large or small. Fibrocystic changes also can appear as thickening of the breast tissue. Fibrocystic changes can occur in one or both breasts and are the most common cause of benign breast lumps in women age 35 to 50.

Implant comparison: Coloplast vs AMS for Penile Implants

Ankle and Foot Clinical Examination - Clinical Skills - Dr Gill

When it comes to joints of the body, the ankle is one of the joints most commonly injured. This is vitally important to be able to effectively examine a patient who is complaining of pain in the ankle and foot.

In this video we will perform a demonstration of the ankle and foot examination.

Examination of the foot, and the ankle joint, follows the standard orthopaedic approach of look, feel, move.

There is a connected video to the foot and ankle examination, on the causes of carpal tunnel syndrome - here

https://youtu.be/aXx6NfBWDSs

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Please note that there is no ABSOLUTE way to perform a clinical examination. Different institutions and even clinicians will have differing degrees of variations - the aim is the effectively identify medically relevant signs.

However during OSCE assessments. Different medical schools, nursing colleges, and other health professional courses will have their own preferred approach to a clinical assessment - you should concentrate on THEIR marks schemes for your assessments.

The examination demonstrated here is derived from Macleod's Clinical Examination - a recognized standard textbook for clinical skills.


#footpain #clinicalexamination #DrGill

Arthritis occurs when the cartilage breaks down explains Dr. Derek Papp, Sports Medicine Physician with Miami Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Institute. This it’s a very common knee injury such as the damage of the cartilage and meniscus tear.
ACL tears is another common injury especially in sports like soccer or Australian football, the specialist explains.

Patient 65-year-old of age who comes to the medical consultation with pain moderated pain in the right hypochondrium of “several years of evolution” but that it increased one week ago. Also, she shows pain in the umbilical region of “many years of evolution”, that is supported according to the patient - in a constant way.rnTo the examination, we observe an umbilical hernia, apparently divided into two parts. The hernia of the external region measures 25.1 centimeters x 18.0 centimeters and the one that occupies the average region measures 12.0 centimeters x 10.0 centimeters.rnPatient who comes to the medical consultation with moderated pain in the right hypochondrium of one year of evolution but it increased one week ago after eat duck.rnIn the ultrasound scan of the region of the right hypochondrium (patient came having breakfast, that is to say, without previous preparation ) we can observe the liver of 123.8 millimeters high, as well as the porta vein with a diameter of 7.3 millimeters.rnOn having observed the Gallbladder, we think that a side wall is increased in 2.7 mm (hyperechogenic) with several “echogenics points” in the interior (”Biliary Mud”).

The measurements of the gallbladder were: 39.0 x 17.4 millimeters.rnWe can appreciates an echogenic image in the interior that it would make think about stone. The stones are identified as echogenic foci casting acoustic shadowing but but this image did not appear and a re-evaluation is decided in 15 days.

Acalculous cholecystopathy which means disease or condition of the gallbladder without the presence of gallstones. You might also call it functional gallbladder disorder or impaired gallbladder emptying. Some causes may be chronic inflammation, a problem with the smooth muscles of the gallbladder or the muscle of the Sphincter of Oddi being too tight.

REMEMBER:
Umbilical hernia is a congenital malformation, especially common in infants of African descent, and more frequent in boys. An Acquired umbilical hernia directly results from increased intra-abdominal pressure and are most commonly seen in obese individuals.
Presentation:A hernia is present at the site of the umbilicus (commonly called a navel, or belly button) in the newborn; although sometimes quite large, these hernias tend to resolve without any treatment by around the age of 5 years. Obstruction and strangulation of the hernia is rare because the underlying defect in the abdominal wall is larger than in an inguinal hernia of the newborn. The size of the base of the herniated tissued is inversely correlated with risk of strangulation (i.e. narrow base is more likely to strangulate).
Babies are prone to this malformation because of the process during fetal development by which the abdominal organs form outside the abdominal cavity, later returning into it through an opening which will become the umbilicus.
Differential diagnosisrnImportantly this type of hernia must be distinguished from a paraumbilical hernia which occurs in adults and involves a defect in the midline near to the umbilicus, and from omphalocele.

The hepatic portal system is the system of veins comprising the hepatic portal vein and its tributaries. It is responsible for directing blood from the region of the gastrointestinal tract between the esophagus and rectum and also includes venous drainage from the supplementary organs such as the spleen and pancreas.

USMLE Step 2 CS - Antenatal Visit This is just preview video. To get full access please visit our website : www.usmletutoring.com

USMLE Step 2 CS - Numbness Weakness This is just preview video. To get full access please visit our website : www.usmletutoring.com

USMLE Step 2 CS - Wrist Pain This is just preview video. To get full access please visit our website : www.usmletutoring.com

Stress-relaxation is a well-established mechanism for laboratory skin stretching, with limited clinical application in conventional suturing techniques due to the inherent, concomitant induction of ischemia, necrosis and subsequent suture failure. Skin defects that cannot be primarily closed are a common difficulty during reconstructive surgery. The TopClosure tension-relief system (TRS) is a novel device for wound closure closure, providing secured attachment to the skin through a wide area of attachment, in an adjustable manner, enabling primary closure of medium to large skin defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the TopClosure TRS as a substitute for skin grafting and flaps for primary closure of large soft tissue defects by stress-relaxation. We present three demonstrative cases requiring resection of large to huge tumors customarily requiring closure by skin graft or flaps. TRS was applied during surgery serving as a tension-relief platform for tension sutures, to enable primary skin-defect closure by cycling of stress-relaxation, and following surgery as skin-secure system until complete wound closure. All skin defects ranging from 7 to 26 cm in width were manipulated by the TRS through stress-relaxation, without undermining of skin, enabling primary skin closure and eliminating the need for skin grafts and flaps. Immediate wound closure ranged 26 to 135 min. TRS was applied for 3 to 4 weeks. Complications were minimal and donor site morbidity was eliminated. Surgical time, hospital stay and costs were reduced and wound aesthetics were improved. In this case series we present a novel technology that enables the utilization of the viscoelastic properties of the skin to an extreme level, extending the limits of primary wound closure by the stress-relaxation principle. This is achieved via a simple device application that may aid immediate primary wound closure and downgrade the complexity of surgical procedures for a wide range of applications on a global scale.

Superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) is a promising alternative treatment for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears (Figure 1). It utilizes a graft from the superior glenoid to the greater tuberosity to stabilize the humeral head. In a study by Mihata and colleagues of 23 patients who underwent SCR with a fascia lata autograft at a minimum of 2 years follow-up, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score improved significantly from 23.5 preoperatively to 92.9. Postoperative MRI showed 83% of patients had intact reconstructions with no progression of muscle atrophy.

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic arthritis. In some people, it is mild, with just occasional flare ups. In other people, it is continuous and can cause joint damage if it is not treated. Early diagnosis is important to avoid damage to joints. Psoriatic arthritis typically occurs in people with skin psoriasis, but it can occur in people without skin psoriasis, particularly in those who have relatives with psoriasis. Psoriatic arthritis typically affects the large joints, especially those of the lower extremities, distal joints of the fingers and toes, and also can affect the back and sacroiliac joints of the pelvis. For most people, appropriate treatments will relieve pain, protect the joints, and maintain mobility. Physical activity helps maintain joint movement. Psoriatic arthritis is sometimes misdiagnosed as gout, rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. - See more at: http://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Diseases-Conditions/Psoriatic-Arthritis#sthash.VsBTUw76.dpuf

Throat Endoscopy: This video shows the vocal cords while singing

The only sure way to prevent genital warts is to not have sex. But everyone wants sex, so here is how to have safe sex if you are living with Genital Warts.

Neurological Examination