The most popular and one of the principal stains in histology is hematoxylin and eosin stain. It gives us an overview of the tissue and its structure. Hematoxylin binds with basophilic structures – for example DNA and RNA. So we can observe nuclei stained in blue or purple color. Eosin binds to acidophilic substances such as positively charged amino acid side chains. So as the result cytoplasm is pink or orange. All samples in laboratory are stained with H&E. There are several different types of hematoxylins and eosins used in histology which will give us different results.

In this video you will see, how we stain slides with different types of hematoxylins and eosins. Finally, we will compare the results.

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What are diverticula? Diverticula are outpouchings that most commonly happen in the sigmoid colon of the large intestine. The presence of a diverticulum is defined as diverticulosis, whereas diverticulitis describes an inflamed diverticulum

Dealing with bleeding

From our beginnings in 1990 in primary healthcare, Healthway Medical has grown to become a respected medical group in Singapore. With over 100 clinics and medical centres, Healthway Medical has a wide network of medical centres and clinics in Singapore.

We offer comprehensive services including GP & family medicine clinics, health screening, adult specialists, baby & child specialists, dental services and allied healthcare services.

Nice surgery video

Rheumatoid Arthritis,physiology,pathology,clinincal features,manifestations and treatment

Angioplasty Procedure Animation

Aplastic anemia is a hematopoietic disorder caused due to T lymphocyte mediated destruction of stem cells resulting in pancytopenia with a cellular bone marrow and normal cell cytogenetics. The causes of aplastic anaemia may be inherited or acquired. The causes and the diagnostic approach, along with spectrum of severity of this disorder is discussed in this presentation. A detailed discussion of the management options, along with pharmacological therapy and supportive therapy in these cases is also discussed. The treatment options include, in addition to a stem cell transplant, anti-thymocyte globulin, cyclosporine, methyprednisolone and eltrombopag (for patients who have failed treatment on combined modality therapy with ATG and cyclosporine)

Breast reconstruction 3D Animation
on Friday, December 17, 2010




The primary part of the procedure can often be carried out immediately following the mastectomy. As with many other surgeries, patients with significant medical comorbidities (high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes) and smokers are higher-risk candidates. Surgeons may choose to perform delayed reconstruction to decrease this risk. Patients expected to receive external beam radiation as part of their adjuvant treatment are also commonly considered for delayed autologous reconstruction due to significantly higher complication rates with tissue expander-implant techniques in those patients. Breast reconstruction is a large undertaking that usually takes multiple operations. Sometimes these follow-up surgeries are spread out over weeks or months. If an implant is used, the individual runs the same risks and complications as those who use them for breast augmentation but has higher rates of capsular contracture (tightening or hardening of the scar tissue around the implant) and revisional surgeries. Outcomes based research on quality of life improvements and psychosocial benefits associated with breast reconstruction served as the stimulus in the United States for the 1998 Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act which mandated health care payer coverage for breast and nipple reconstruction, contralateral procedures to achieve symmetry, and treatment for the sequelae of mastectomy. This was followed in 2001 by additional legislation imposing penalties on noncompliant insurers. Similar provisions for coverage exist in most countries worldwide through national health care programs. There are many methods for breast reconstruction. The two most common are: * Tissue Expander - Breast implants This is the most common technique used in worldwide. The surgeon inserts a tissue expander, a temporary silastic implant, beneath a pocket under the pectoralis major muscle of the chest wall. The pectoral muscles may be released along its inferior edge to allow a larger, more supple pocket for the expander at the expense of thinner lower pole soft tissue coverage. The use of acellular human or animal dermal grafts have been described as an onlay patch to increase coverage of the implant when the pectoral muscle is released, which purports to improve both functional and aesthtic outcomes of implant-expander breast reconstruction. o In a process that can take weeks or months, saline solution is percutaneously injected to progressively expand the overlaying tissue. Once the expander has reached an acceptable size, it may be removed and replaced with a more permanent implant. Reconstruction of the areola and nipple are usually performed in a separate operation after the skin has stretched to its final size. * Flap reconstruction The second most common procedure uses tissue from other parts of the patient's body, such as the back, buttocks, thigh or abdomen. This procedure may be performed by leaving the donor tissue connected to the original site to retain its blood supply (the vessels are tunnelled beneath the skin surface to the new site) or it may be cut off and new blood supply may be connected. o The latissimus dorsi muscle flap is the donor tissue available on the back. It is a large flat muscle which can be employed without significant loss of function. It can be moved into the breast defect still attached to its blood supply under the arm pit (axilla). A latissimus flap is usually used to recruit soft-tissue coverage over an underlying implant. Enough volume can be recruited occasionally to reconstruct small breasts without an implant. o Abdominal flaps The abdominal flap for breast reconstruction is the TRAM flap or its technically distinct variants of microvascular "perforator flaps" like the DIEP/SIEP flaps. Both use the abdominal tissue between the umbilicus and the

Massive PE causing hemodynamic instability (shock and/or low blood pressure, defined as a systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or a pressure drop of 40 mmHg for >15 min if not caused by new-onset arrhythmia, hypovolemia or sepsis) is an indication for thrombolysis, the enzymatic destruction of the clot with medication.

Laparotomy (opening and closing)

Laparoscopic anterior resection for cancer colon in Qatar by Dr. Al-Emadi

Heart Surgery | 8 Years Old Girl Open Heart Surgery Repair

Watch that video to know if it is safe to have anal Intercourse?

Watch that video to know How to Get Pregnant Fast and Easy

A natural, unmedicated approach to labor and birth will suit you best if you want to remain in control of your body as much as possible, be an active participant throughout labor, and have minimal routine interventions such as continuous electronic monitoring. If you choose to go this route, you accept the potential for pain and discomfort as part of giving birth. But with the right preparation and support, women often feel empowered and deeply satisfied by natural childbirth.

Cell Organelles in 3D

Watch that video to know if it is safe to have oral sex or not

Hypertensive emergencies encompass a spectrum of clinical presentations in which uncontrolled blood pressures lead to progressive or impending end-organ dysfunction. In these conditions, the BP should be lowered aggressively over minutes to hours. Neurologic end-organ damage due to uncontrolled BP may include hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral vascular accident/cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or intracranial hemorrhage.[1] Cardiovascular end-organ damage may include myocardial ischemia/infarction, acute left ventricular dysfunction, acute pulmonary edema, and/or aortic dissection. Other organ systems may also be affected by uncontrolled hypertension, which may lead to acute renal failure/insufficiency, retinopathy, eclampsia, or microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.[1] With the advent of antihypertensives, the incidence of hypertensive emergencies has declined from 7% to approximately 1% of patients with hypertension.[2] In addition, the 1-year survival rate associated with this condition has increased from only 20% (prior to 1950) to a survival rate of more than 90% with appropriate medical treatment

Pediatric Neurological Examination Introduction