Nephritis and Nephrotic Syndrome

The core features of migraine are headache, which is usually throbbing and often unilateral, and associated features of nausea, sensitivity to light, sound, and exacerbation with head movement. Migraine has long been regarded as a vascular disorder because of the throbbing nature of the pain.

In patients age ;::25, HPV DNA testing is the preferred next step in management if the initial cytology shows ASC-US. In this method, samples are collected for both cytology and reflex HPV DNA. If cytology results are positive, HPV DNA testing is performed. If cytology results are negative, the sample for HPV DNA is discarded. HPV DNA testing along with Pap smear at 3 years is recommended if initial cytology shows ASC-US but HPV DNA testing is negative

The gold standard treatment for bladder outlet obstruction.This is an endoscopic procedure in which a resectoscope is placed transurethrally and the obstructing lobes of the prostate are removed as chips of tissue. TURP results in improvement of flow rate, and symptom scores are superior to that of other minimally invasive therapies

Wedge Resection of a gastric GIST

Soft simple painless surgical repair of umbilical hernia

The first operation is harvesting the heart from the donor. The donor is usually an unfortunate person who has suffered irreversible brain injury, called "brain death". Very often these are patients who have had major trauma to the head, for example, in an automobile accident. The victim's organs, other than the brain, are working well with the help of medications and other "life support" that may include a respirator or other devices. A team of physicians, nurses, and technicians goes to the hospital of the donor to remove donated organs once brain death of the donor has been determined. The removed organs are transported on ice to keep them alive until they can be implanted. For the heart, this is optimally less than six hours. So, the organs are often flown by airplane or helicopter to the recipient's hospital.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Twins Conversation

Achalasia is a neurogenic esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired esophageal peristalsis and a lack of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation during swallowing. Symptoms are slowly progressive dysphagia, usually to both liquids and solids, and regurgitation of undigested food. Evaluation typically includes manometry, barium swallow, and endoscopy. Treatments include dilation, chemical denervation, surgical myotomy, and peroral endoscopic myotomy.

The Arthrex® Achilles SpeedBridge™ repair is a surgical technique system that combines fully threaded SwiveLock® anchors with FiberTape® suture. The surgeon may use the Achilles SpeedBridge to reattach the Achilles tendon to the heel bone after repairing the damaged portion of the Achilles tendon. The Achilles tendon connects the two large muscles at the back of the calf to the heel. Insertional Achilles tendinitis is a painful and disabling condition where the tendon attaches to the heel bone causing redness, pain and swelling. Patients who do not respond to the initial treatment may require surgical treatment.

A short lecture on albuterol for self-study or review.

Intravitreal injection technique used in endophthalmitis, macular degeneration, and other eye diseases

ACE Inhibitor Mechanisms. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are agents used to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure. They prevent an enzyme from producing angiotensin II, which narrows blood vessels and raises blood pressure, meaning the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body.

Compartment syndrome can develop in the foot following crush injury or closed fracture. Following some critical threshold of bleeding and/or swelling into the fixed space compartments, arterial pulse pressure is insufficient to overcome the osmotic tissue pressure gradient, leading to cell death. The complicating factor is related to the magnitude of the force of the crush injury. The amount of swelling or bleeding has to be sufficient to impair arterial inflow, while not being of sufficient magnitude to produce an open injury, which decompresses the pressure within the affected compartments. When the injury is open, we then attribute the late disability primarily to the crushing injury to the involved muscles.

Scientists have developed a wireless brain implant that enabled a paralyzed monkey to walk again.

A baby born with her heart pumping outside her body has stunned her parents and doctors in India.

Hepatitis C is an infection caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that attacks the liver and leads to inflammation. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 3% of the world’s population has been infected with HCV and that there are more than 170 million chronic carriers who are at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. The image below depicts the HCV genome.

Injection in buttocks

Horizontal Mattress Suture