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The discussion begins with a basic explanation of Bone biology taking into consideration the osteoblast and osteoclast balance. Concepts of RANK, RANK ligand and Osteoprotegerin are included. Risk factors for Osteoporosis such as Age, alcohol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle are also discussed.
Lymphoma is a cancer that arises from the cells of the lymphatic system. In the brain, this type of cancer is called Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL). Location. Lymphoma occurs most often in the cerebral hemisphere, but may also involve the cerebrospinal fluid, the eyes, or the spinal cord.
Before deciding how to treat one episode of high blood glucose, it is important to figure out why the number is high. Some possible causes include eating a heavy meal, not getting enough physical activity, forgetting to take diabetes medication, and dealing with illness and stress. Insulin is the medication that will bring blood glucose down the fastest. Someone who uses mealtime insulin can take correction doses to lower blood glucose. This requires a thorough understanding of when to inject, how often to give correction doses, and how much insulin to use. You will need to work with your doctor or diabetes educator to learn how to do this. Apart from administering insulin, the fastest way to lower your blood glucose is to engage in physical activity. Exercise results in an increased sensitivity to insulin. It causes your muscle cells to take up more glucose, leaving less of it to circulate in your bloodstream during and after the physical activity (which means a lower blood glucose when you test). Frequent, regular exercise is very important to good blood glucose control no matter what type of diabetes you have. Research has shown that it is vital in warding off long-term complications like neuropathy, retinopathy, and heart and kidney diseases. Don't forget to check with a doctor, though, before making any major changes to your exercise routine. And, if you have type 1 diabetes and your glucose is 250 mg/dl or higher, check for urine ketones. You should not exercise if ketones are present.
A pulmonary embolism (PE) usually happens when a blood clot called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), often in your leg, travels to your lungs and blocks a blood vessel. That leads to low oxygen levels in your blood. It can damage the lung and other organs and cause heart failure, too. A PE can be life-threatening, so if you've been diagnosed with DVT, you should be aware of this risk. Follow the treatment plan for your DVT to stop the clot from getting bigger and to keep new clots from forming. Symptoms and Diagnosis PE won't always cause symptoms. You might have: Chest pain, which may get worse with a deep breath Sudden shortness of breath or rapid breathing Fast heartbeat Sudden cough Coughing up blood Lightheadedness or fainting Anxiety Call 911 if you notice these symptoms. They could also be symptoms of a heart attack, pneumonia, or other serious problems.
Massive PE causing hemodynamic instability (shock and/or low blood pressure, defined as a systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or a pressure drop of 40 mmHg for >15 min if not caused by new-onset arrhythmia, hypovolemia or sepsis) is an indication for thrombolysis, the enzymatic destruction of the clot with medication.
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Discover A Simplified Approach to Master the Complexity of Anatomy with me, Dr. David Morton ... The Noted Anatomist!
This video tutorial discusses an Introduction to Histology (study of tissues):
0:00. Intro
0:35. Hierarchical organization of living matter
1:56. H&E stains
3:00. Epithelium overview (characteristics and classifying scheme)
- 9:12. Simple squamous epithelium
- 11:05. Simple cuboidal epithelium
- 12:20. Simple columnar epithelium
- 13:36. Stratified squamous epithelium
- 15:51. Urinary epithelium (transitional epithelium)
- 16:45. Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium)
18:55. Connective tissue overview (characteristics and classifying scheme)
- 21.14. Connective tissue proper (loose CT, dense irregular CT, dense regular CT, adipose tissue)
- 24:50. Cartilage (hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage)
- 26:04. Bone (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, calcium ...)
- 27:34. Blood (RBC, WBC, platelet, plasma)
28:54. Muscle tissue (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle)
32:54. Nervous tissue (neurons and glial cells)
36:58. In-a-Nutshell
37:07. Acknowledgements
For a more detailed study of histology go to The Histology Wizard: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCAeLLruy9RkUWaW_r
A tracheotomy or a tracheostomy: is simply an opening surgically created through the neck into the trachea (windpipe) to allow direct access to the breathing tube and is commonly done in an operating room under general anesthesia. A tube is usually placed through this opening to provide an airway and to remove secretions from the lungs. Breathing is done through the tracheostomy tube rather than through the nose and mouth. The term “tracheotomy” refers to the incision into the trachea (windpipe) that forms a temporary or permanent opening, which is called a “tracheostomy,” however; the terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
Epidermoid cysts, also called sebaceous, keratin, or epithelial cysts, are small, hard lumps that develop under the skin. These cysts are common. They grow slowly. They do not cause other symptoms and are nearly never cancerous. Epidermoid cysts are often found on the face, head, neck, back, or genitals