Megacolon, as well as megarectum, is a descriptive term. It denotes dilatation of the colon that is not caused by mechanical obstruction.[1, 2] Although the definition of megacolon has varied in the literature, most researchers use the measurement of greater than 12 cm for the cecum as the standard. Because the diameter of the large intestine varies, the following definitions would also be considered: greater than 6.5 cm in the rectosigmoid region and greater than 8 cm for the ascending colon. Megacolon can be divided into the following 3 categories: Acute megacolon ( pseudo-obstruction) Chronic megacolon, which includes congenital, acquired, and idiopathic causes Toxic megacolon

Although drug treatment of hypertension is associated with improved survival and decreased vascular complications, drug compliance is a major problem in the control of hypertension. All antihypertensive medications are associated with side effects; thus, it is a physician's responsibility to explain to each patient the side effects of the drugs he prescribes to treat hypertension, and to instill in the patient a sense of necessity for the treatment of hypertension. The choice of antihypertensive drug should be made based on each patient's lifestyle, overall health and ability to tolerate the drug. Ideally, the antihypertensive regimen should be simple, effective, convenient to take and have very few side effects.

Myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cell, a type of white blood cell that is part of the immune system. This animation explains how a plasma cell can become cancerous and turn into a myeloma cell.

How a Clot Can Become a Pulmonary Embolism

Pulmonary edema is usually caused by a heart condition. Other causes include pneumonia, exposure to certain toxins and drugs, and being at high elevations. Depending on the cause, pulmonary edema symptoms may appear suddenly or develop over time. Mild to extreme breathing difficulty can occur. Cough, chest pain, and fatigue are other symptoms. Treatment generally includes supplemental oxygen and medications.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a minimally invasive procedure to open up blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle.

Porcelain gallbladder is a condition characterized by calcium salt deposits in the wall of a chronically inflamed gallbladder. The calcifications can be thin or faintly visible, or may be amorphous, patchy, and thick. The gallbladder is generally large, but its size can vary considerably. Most porcelain gallbladders are associated with gallstones. A plain radiograph generally detects these, but computed tomography (CT) has a higher specificity; therefore, a CT scan is performed to confirm the diagnosis. Due to their high risk of gallbladder carcinoma, all patients with porcelain gallbladder should have an elective cholecystectomy.

There many concerns and questions about how a breast augmentation procedure works. Dr. Linder a highly qualified plastic surgeon based in Beverly Hills, demystifies those worries. Dr. Stuart Linder is a Beverly Hills board certified plastic surgeon, specializing in body sculpting and reconstructive procedures including breast augmentation, reduction, lift, liposuction and tummy tuck. He is board-certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and is affiliated with the American College of Surgeons, the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons and the American Medical Association. Website: www.drlinder.com

Carotid Stenosis and what it means. The detection and treatment of carotid artery disease for the prevention of stroke is one of the most effective treatments in all of medicine.

Duke Sports Medicine Specialists Jocelyn Wittstein, MD, Janna Fonseca, ATC, and Michael Messer ,PT, present on Soccer Injury Prevention including Concussion Management and the 11+ program that significantly reduces ACL tear rates in soccer.

Learn a simple way to tell if you might be suffering from an undiagnosed autoimmune condition. Examples of autoimmune conditions include: • alopecia areata

Hip Examination

Watch that video to know if it is safe to have sex during period

Elizabeth Stephens, MD joined the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota in 2019. To learn more about Dr. Stephens’ practice: https://www.mayoclinic.org/bio....graphies/stephens-el
Elizabeth H. Stephens, M.D., Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Surgery in Cardiovascular Surgery specializing in congenital cardiac surgery. She received her medical degree from Baylor College of Medicine and Ph.D in Bioengineering from Rice University focusing on tissue engineering heart valves. Her adult cardiothoracic training was completed at Columbia University and congenital training at Lurie Children's Hospital in Chicago. Her clinical areas of expertise include the treatment of:

• Neonates, infants, and children with complex congenital heart disease
• Adult patients with congenital heart disease, including patients previously repaired
• Valve disease, including Ebstein's anomaly
• Pediatric patients with heart failure, including mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation
• Patients with vascular rings and tracheal stenosis

In addition to her clinical areas of expertise, Dr. Stephens is active in outcomes research relative to congenital heart disease and is extensively published on various cardiac surgery conditions. She has a particular interest in education, including serving on national committees and mentoring trainees of all levels.

Best Position for Getting Pregnant Fast

A video shoing how to draw blood sample

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood. ADHD includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.

Open Inguinal Hernia Repair Surgery - German Narration

During surgery to repair the hernia, the bulging tissue is pushed back in. Your abdominal wall is strengthened and supported with sutures (stitches), and sometimes mesh. This repair can be done with open or laparoscopic surgery. You and your surgeon can discuss which type of surgery is right for you.

A deep cut on the palm side of your fingers, hand, wrist, or forearm can damage your flexor tendons, which are the tissues that help control movement in your hand. A flexor tendon injury can make it impossible to bend your fingers or thumb.