A surgeon creates an arteriovenous fistula by making a connection between an artery (which carries blood away from the heart) and a vein (which carries blood back to the heart). This artificial connection allows the vein to become larger and for the walls of the vein to thicken, a process termed maturation. A mature fistula makes it easier for the vein to be punctured repeatedly for dialysis. Maturation typically takes three to six months to occur, but in rare cases, can take up to a year. This makes advance planning for an arteriovenous fistula important. When a patient is felt to be approximately a year away from requiring dialysis, the patient should be referred for evaluation for possible creation of an arteriovenous fistula.

Histology of Aorta

Oral sex can be an enjoyable, healthy part of an adult relationship. But there are some things that many people don't know about oral sex. Here are four facts that might surprise you. 1. Oral sex is linked to throat cancer. Cancer? Yes, you can get throat cancer from oral sex, says American Cancer Society Chief Medical Officer Otis Brawley, MD. It's not oral sex, per se, that causes cancer, but the human papillomavirus (HPV), which can be passed from person to person during sex, including oral sex.

A detailed animation video explaining a spinal cord injury.

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A pulmonary embolism (PE) usually happens when a blood clot called a deep vein thrombosis (DVT), often in your leg, travels to your lungs and blocks a blood vessel. That leads to low oxygen levels in your blood. It can damage the lung and other organs and cause heart failure, too. A PE can be life-threatening, so if you've been diagnosed with DVT, you should be aware of this risk. Follow the treatment plan for your DVT to stop the clot from getting bigger and to keep new clots from forming. Symptoms and Diagnosis PE won't always cause symptoms. You might have: Chest pain, which may get worse with a deep breath Sudden shortness of breath or rapid breathing Fast heartbeat Sudden cough Coughing up blood Lightheadedness or fainting Anxiety Call 911 if you notice these symptoms. They could also be symptoms of a heart attack, pneumonia, or other serious problems.

Meningeococcal Bacterial Maningitis Introduction

Dr. Leo Maguire, a Mayo Clinic ophthalmologist, explains how laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eye surgery can correct common vision problems.

This interview originally aired Jan. 26, 2019.

To learn more about LASIK surgery, visit: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/lasik-eye-surgery/about/pac-20384774?mc_id=us&utm_source=newsnetwork&utm_medium=l&utm_content=content&utm_campaign=mayoclinic&geo=national&placementsite=enterprise&cauid=100721&_ga=2.112234244.1227307149.1547427243-1780934405.1469629163

Pterygium Excision with Auto Conjunctival Graft

A ureteroscopy is an examination or procedure using a ureteroscope. A ureteroscope, like a cystoscope, is an instrument for examining the inside of the urinary tract. The urologist can insert small instruments through the cystoscope to treat problems in the urethra and bladder or perform a biopsy. For a ureteroscopy, the urologist passes the ureteroscope through the bladder and into a ureter.

How To Tighten Sagging Breast - Prevent Sagging Breasts Naturally

According to a Danish study , frequent sex may help prevent pre-eclampsia. Researchers believe it's because of a protein found in sperm that can regulate the body's immune system. Yet because the cause of preeclampsia is unknown, it's important to keep your prenatal visits and talk to your doctor about your risk.

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This video tutorial discusses an Introduction to Histology (study of tissues):
0:00​. Intro
0:35. Hierarchical organization of living matter
1:56​. H&E stains
3:00​. Epithelium overview (characteristics and classifying scheme)
- 9:12. Simple squamous epithelium
- 11:05. Simple cuboidal epithelium
- 12:20. Simple columnar epithelium
- 13:36. Stratified squamous epithelium
- 15:51. Urinary epithelium (transitional epithelium)
- 16:45. Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium)
18:55. Connective tissue overview (characteristics and classifying scheme)
- 21.14. Connective tissue proper (loose CT, dense irregular CT, dense regular CT, adipose tissue)
- 24:50. Cartilage (hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage)
- 26:04. Bone (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, calcium ...)
- 27:34. Blood (RBC, WBC, platelet, plasma)
28:54. Muscle tissue (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle)
32:54. Nervous tissue (neurons and glial cells)
36:58​. In-a-Nutshell
37:07​. Acknowledgements

For a more detailed study of histology go to The Histology Wizard: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCAeLLruy9RkUWaW_r

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Watch out which infections could affect your baby or tend to be worse for you during pregnancy period and how to reduce your risk of getting them.

Most healthy children are inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive at one time or another. It’s normal for preschoolers to have short attention spans and be unable to stick with one activity for long. Even in older children and teenagers, attention span often depends on the level of interest. The same is true of hyperactivity. Young children are naturally energetic — they often are still full of energy long after they’ve worn their parents out. In addition, some children just naturally have a higher activity level than others do. Children should never be classified as having ADHD just because they’re different from their friends or siblings. Children who have problems in school but get along well at home or with friends are likely struggling with something other than ADHD. The same is true of children who are hyperactive or inattentive at home, but whose schoolwork and friendships remain unaffected.

In this condition, the body retains water instead of excreting it normally in urine. This process upsets the body's balance of minerals called electrolytes, especially sodium. Symptoms can vary depending on how rapidly the condition develops. In some cases, nausea and vomiting, headache, confusion, weakness, and fatigue may be experienced. Treatments include fluid restriction and, possibly, medications to adjust electrolyte balance. Underlying conditions also need treatment.

Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is a disorder of the blood caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein within the red blood cells). The abnormal hemoglobin causes distorted (sickled) red blood cells.

Before deciding how to treat one episode of high blood glucose, it is important to figure out why the number is high. Some possible causes include eating a heavy meal, not getting enough physical activity, forgetting to take diabetes medication, and dealing with illness and stress. Insulin is the medication that will bring blood glucose down the fastest. Someone who uses mealtime insulin can take correction doses to lower blood glucose. This requires a thorough understanding of when to inject, how often to give correction doses, and how much insulin to use. You will need to work with your doctor or diabetes educator to learn how to do this. Apart from administering insulin, the fastest way to lower your blood glucose is to engage in physical activity. Exercise results in an increased sensitivity to insulin. It causes your muscle cells to take up more glucose, leaving less of it to circulate in your bloodstream during and after the physical activity (which means a lower blood glucose when you test). Frequent, regular exercise is very important to good blood glucose control no matter what type of diabetes you have. Research has shown that it is vital in warding off long-term complications like neuropathy, retinopathy, and heart and kidney diseases. Don't forget to check with a doctor, though, before making any major changes to your exercise routine. And, if you have type 1 diabetes and your glucose is 250 mg/dl or higher, check for urine ketones. You should not exercise if ketones are present.

Like in any other sector of health, aging come with its myths. These myths can be hurtful to senior citizens and their caretakers if mistaken for truths. Here are some common myths about aging that caregivers should be aware of.

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