Urogenital neoplasms spreading to the inguinal lymph nodes are penile carcinoma (the most frequent), urethral and scrotum cancers, tumors of the testis with scrotal violation. Penile carcinoma is an uncommon malignant disease and accounts for as many 0.4-0.6% of male cancers. Most patients are elder...ly. It rarely occurs in men under age 60 and its incidence increases progressively until it reaches a peak in the eighth decade 1. The risk of a lymph node invasion is greater with high grade and high stage tumors 2. Some investigators have reported the inaccuracy of the sentinel node biopsy 3, 4, described by Cabanas 5. Patients with metastatic lymph node penis cancer have a very poor prognosis if penectomy only is performed. Ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy is basically carried out as a treatment modality and not only as a staging act. Patients with lymph node invasion have a 30-40% cure rate. Ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy should be also performed in patients with disseminated neoplasms for the local control of the disease. The 5 years survival rate of patients with clinically negative lymph nodes treated with a modified inguinal lymphadenectomy is 88% versus 38% in patients not initially treated with lymphadenectomy 6. This video-tape clearly shows a therapeutic algorithm, the anatomy of the inguinal lymph nodes, according to Rouviere 7 and Daseler 8, the radical ilioinguinal node dissection with transposition of the sartorius muscle and the modified inguinal lymphadenectomy proposed by Catalona 9. References: 1. Lynch D.F. and Schellhammer P: Tumors of the penis. In Campbell’s Urology Seventh Edition, edited by Walsh P.C., Retik A.B., Darracott Vaughan E. and Wein A.J. W.B. Saunders Company, Vol. 3, chapt. 79, p. 2458, 1998. 2. Pizzocaro G., Piva L., Bandieramonte G., Tana S. Up-to-date management of carcinoma of the penis. Eur. Urol. 32: 5-15, 1997 3. Perinetti E., Crane D.B. and Catalona W.J. Unreliability of sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging penile carcinoma. J. Urol. 124: 734, 1980 4. Fowler J.E. Jr. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging penile cancer. Urology 23: 352, 1984 5. Cabanas R.M. An approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma. Cancer 39: 456, 1977 6. Russo P. and Gaudin P. Management strategies for carcinoma of the penis. Contemporary Urology;5:48-66, 2000 7. Rouviere H. Anatomy of the human lymphatic system. Edwards Brothers, p. 218, 1938 8. Daseler E.H., Anson B.J., Reimann A.F. Radical excision of the inguinal and iliac lymph glands: a study based on 450 anatomical dissections and upon supportive clinical observations. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 87: 679, 1948 9. Catalona W.J. Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy for carcinoma of the penis with preservation of saphenous veins: technique and preliminary results. J. Urol. 140: 306-310, 1988

http://www.nucleushealth.com/ - This 3D medical animation depicts two operations, called craniotomy and craniectomy, in which the skull is opened to access the brain. The normal anatomy of the skull and tissues surrounding the brain are shown, including arteries and veins. The animation lists the common reasons for these procedures, and briefly introduces intracranial pressure.

Video ID: ANH13109


Transcript:

Your doctor may recommend a craniotomy or a craniectomy procedure to treat a number of different brain diseases, injuries, or conditions.

Your skull is made of bone and serves as a hard, protective covering for your brain. Just inside your skull, three layers of tissue, called meninges, surround your brain. The thick, outermost layer is the dura mater. The middle tissue layer is the arachnoid mater and the innermost layer is the pia mater. Between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater is the subarachnoid space, which contains blood vessels and a clear fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. Blood vessels, called bridging veins, connect the surface of your brain with the dura mater. Other blood vessels, called cerebral arteries, bring blood to your brain.

Inside your skull, normal brain function requires a delicate balance of pressure between the blood in your blood vessels, the cerebrospinal fluid that surrounds your brain, and your brain tissue. This is called normal intracranial pressure. Increased intracranial pressure may result from: brain tumors, head injuries, problems with your blood vessels, or infections in your brain or spinal cord. These conditions put pressure on your brain and may cause it to swell or change shape inside your skull, which can lead to serious brain injury.

Your doctor may recommend a craniotomy to remove: abnormal brain tissue, such as a brain tumor, a sample of tissue by biopsy, a blood clot, called a hematoma, excess cerebrospinal fluid, or pus from an infection, called an abscess.

A craniotomy may also be done to: relieve brain swelling,
stop bleeding, called a hemorrhage, repair abnormal blood vessels, repair skull fractures, or repair damaged meninges.

Finally, a craniotomy may also be done to: treat brain conditions, such as epilepsy, deliver medication to your brain, or implant a medical device, such as a deep brain stimulator.

The most common reason for a craniotomy is to remove a brain tumor.

#Craniotomy #Craniectomy #BrainSurgery

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Watch that Female Foley Catheter Insertion Procedure

Watch that video to know What is Vaginal Discharge and How To Get Rid of It

People do many things in order to maintain health and fitness but sometimes even after all the efforts people can't shed extra kilos and It can be difficult to regain your body's shape after significant changes in your figure (such as pregnancy or weight gain ), and even a healthy lifestyle may not be able to restore your slender midsection. This causes excessive fat and skin around/ near the abdominal area. In this situation, doctors perform surgery that removes this extra fat and skin and tones the midsection which is known as Tummy Tuck surgery. Tummy tucking is a simple procedure.

A tummy tuck, also known as abdominoplasty, removes excess fat and skin and restores weakened muscles to create a smoother, firmer abdominal profile. This requires a day stay. The excess fat is removed in such a way that there will be less trauma, swelling and the recovery will fast.

The excess fat leads to excess skin. In order to remove that extra skin tummy tuck (Abdominoplasty) procedure is performed. When both tummy tuck and liposuction is performed together it is called Lipoabdominoplasty. 95% of patients undergo a Lipoabdominoplasty procedure. The scar is hidden in the bikini line. Also, the navel is repositioned during the procedure.

For full Tummy tuck surgery, the patient is discharged on the day after the surgery. In order to keep the patients as painless as possible, they are given a long-acting anaesthetic injection into their muscles so that they do not feel any pain and recover fast.

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About Dr Rajat Gupta and RG Aesthetics

At RG Aesthetics, India’s best plastic surgeon, Dr Rajat Gupta is at your service! With 10 years of experience, brand-certification, and international recognition, Dr Gupta is the solution to all your contouring needs.

His expertise in liposuction techniques combined with the state-of-the-art technology available at RG Aesthetics ensures we continue providing the most reliable services with incredible, instantaneous results!

Our equipment allows for every kind of liposuction there is – especially the minimal invasive kinds. Dr Gupta reflects RG Aesthetics’ belief of the patient’s comfort always being paramount. Procedures at RG Aesthetics, under Dr Rajat Gupta, minimize trauma and speed up recovery time for the best results!

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A Pap smear (also called a Pap test) is a screening procedure for cervical cancer. It tests for the presence of precancerous or cancerous cells on the cervix, the opening of the uterus. It's named after the doctor who determined that this was a useful way to detect signs of cervical cancer.

In this video, Jenna talks about Braxton Hicks contractions and preparing for labor.

Renal artery stenosis is a narrowing of arteries that carry blood to one or both of the kidneys. Most often seen in older people with atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), renal artery stenosis can worsen over time and often leads to hypertension (high blood pressure) and kidney damage.

Watch that video of The Real Human Body Decomposition Process

Watch that video to learn How To Insert Enema

A rare video showing the flail chest which is traumatic condition during which the chest wall shows paradoxical movement i.e. in with expiration and out with inspiration

Dr. Carlos Benitez guides us through ultrasound images of the knee and how to identify knee injuries.

Have you ever wondered if your toothbrush bristles are too hard or soft or whether or not it even mattered? Contrary to popular belief, the extra soft or soft bristle option is the best choice you can make when it comes to selecting your bristle. The soft bristles are gentler on the gums and because of their delicate nature, it’s easier for them to glide in between teeth. Using hard or medium bristles increases your risk of receding gums and also heightens tooth sensitivity, since you are wearing down the enamel on your teeth with the rough nature. Schedule a dental appointment now to learn more! visit : https://www.urbndental.com/

This video demonstrates how to perform a cardiovascular examination in an OSCE station.

You can access our step-by-step OSCE guide to accompany this video here: https://geekymedics.com/cardio....vascular-examination

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Chapters:
- Introduction 00:00
- General inspection 00:35
- Hands 00:46
- Schamroth's window test 01:07
- Capillary refill 01:27
- Pulses 01:35
- Carotid auscultation 02:21
- Carotid pulse 02:43
- Jugular venous pressure 02:55
- Hepatojugular reflux 03:09
- Inspection of the face 03:21
- Inspection of the chest 03:49
- Apex beat 04:12
- Heaves and thrills 04:28
- Heart valve ausculation 04:49
- Accentuation manoeuvres 05:45
- Lung base auscultation 06:23
- Sacral and pedal oedema 06:43
- Summary 07:10

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Always adhere to your medical school/local hospital guidelines when performing examinations or clinical procedures. DO NOT perform any examination or procedure on patients based purely upon the content of these videos. Geeky Medics accepts no liability for loss of any kind incurred as a result of reliance upon the information provided in this video.

Normal heart sounds and aortic regurgitation/stenosis sounds
Recorded on a Thinklabs Digital Stethoscope (https://www.thinklabs.com)

Some people have found this video useful for ASMR purposes.

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Nursing students practice their skills on mannequins and each other in the Nursing Skills Lab.

A breast reduction can bring balance to your figure, decrease the strain on your back and neck and boost your confidence in your new shape. Most women also feel less self-conscious about their figure and more positive about their appearance. For some women, naturally large breasts can put a damper on self-confidence and cause problems, such as back pain.

Ms Megha consulted Dr Rajat Gupta for breast reduction surgery. Due to the large breast, she used to feel very conscious about her body.
She was doing research on breast reduction surgery, looking at the breast reduction surgery before and after pictures and searching for the best surgeons for this surgery, she came across Dr Rajat Gupta's Instagram profile. She spoke with Dr Rajat Gupta, and immediately she was convinced that he can solve all her issues and she immediately booked a consultation with a doctor. After meeting Dr Rajat Gupta, the nervousness she was feeling or concerns she had were resolved.
While talking about her experience on the day of the procedure she says the procedure was much painful. She was very happy and relieved after seeing the results. The pain was completely bearable.
She is extremely pleased with the outcome. She feels much more comfortable in my body. She is grateful and thankful to Dr Rajat Gupta and the team.
______________________________________
About Dr Rajat Gupta and RG Aesthetics

At RG Aesthetics, India’s best plastic surgeon, Dr Rajat Gupta is at your service! With 10 years of experience, brand-certification and international recognition, Dr Gupta is the solution to all your contouring needs.

His expertise in liposuction techniques combined with the state-of-the-art technology available at RG Aesthetics ensures we continue providing the most reliable services with incredible, instantaneous results!

Our equipment allows for every kind of liposuction there is – especially the minimally invasive kinds. Dr Gupta reflects RG Aesthetics’ belief of the patient’s comfort always being paramount. Procedures at RG Aesthetics, under Dr Rajat Gupta, minimise trauma and speed up recovery time for the best results!

#breastreductionsurgery #patientreview #drrajatgupta #rgaesthetics

Rhinoplasty, sometimes referred to as a "nose job" or "nose reshaping" by patients, enhances facial harmony and the proportions of your nose. It can also correct impaired breathing caused by structural defects in the nose. What surgical rhinoplasty can treat Nose size in relation to facial balance Nose width at the bridge or in the size and position of the nostrils Nose profile with visible humps or depressions on the bridge Nasal tip that is enlarged or bulbous, drooping, upturned or hooked Nostrils that are large, wide or upturned Nasal asymmetry If you desire a more symmetrical nose, keep in mind that everyone's face is asymmetric to some degree. Results may not be completely symmetric, although the goal is to create facial balance and correct proportion. Rhinoplasty to correct a deviated septum Nose surgery that's done to improve an obstructed airway requires careful evaluation of the nasal structure as it relates to airflow and breathing. Correction of a deviated septum, one of the most common causes of breathing impairment, is achieved by adjusting the nasal structure to produce better alignment.

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For those that aren't good LASIK candidates, PRK is a procedure that offers the same great results! Watch Dr. Ferguson explain each step during Samantha's procedure. Her reaction at the end is incredible!