Macrolides Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Anatomy of The Gastrointestinal Tract GIT

Anatomy of The Superficial Face

For the first few days after giving birth, a new mother’s breasts remain soft. They will produce colostrum. Colostrum, the first milk, is available in just the right amount, and is rich in immune factors that protect newborns. Sometime during the next few days, the breasts will become full, firm, warm, and perhaps tender. When this occurs, people say: “the milk is coming in!” The scientific term for this event is: engorgement. Engorgement is normal, and lasts for various periods of time depending on the individual woman. Some women experience only a day or so of mild, easy-to-manage engorgement. For other women, engorgement may be more intense, and can last from several days to two weeks.

how do you know if I have a clogged duct or mastitis? You'll always have a clogged duct before you have mastitis and sometimes mastitis can be prevented if you jump on it fast enough. A clogged duct may be red, it can be a tender lump on one side or the other, just feel a little bit painful in one area when you nurse, and the best thing to do is apply warm compresses especially before nursing, massage the area from your armpit down towards the nipple, and then nurse your baby. The goal is to unclog that duct, get your baby to fully empty the breast, and hopefully it will prevent an infection. An infection or mastitis develops if the clogged duct isn't unclogged and bacteria start to harbor and grow and then you have an infection. Symptoms can be the same as a clogged duct as far as how the breasts feel. You might notice a red tender area or a lump. In addition to that you usually do have a fever or flu-like symptoms or just have generalized malaise, and fatigue, and aches. If you feel this way, call your doctor as soon as possible because it requires treatment. An antibiotic is the treatment as well as drinking lots of fluids and nursing your baby as frequently as possible. The milk that comes from the clogged duct is not harmful for your baby but sometimes it tastes a little extra salty and babies refuse it. If that's the case be sure to pump so that you're emptying your breast frequently. The more frequently you empty your breast the quicker you'll get over the infection. Also, of course, taking the antibiotics your doctor has prescribed and be sure to finish the entire course. If you have any other questions for me in the future feel free to ask them on our Facebook page at Facebook.com/IntermountainMoms and recommend us to your friends and family too.

Histology of Thin Skin

Basic Abdominal Clinical Exam

Cytomegalovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae. Humans and monkeys serve as natural hosts.

Closed Reduction of Distal Radius Fractures - Discussion: (distal radius fracture menu) - closed reduction & immobilization in plaster cast remains accepted method of treatment for majority of stable distal radius frx; - unstable fractures will often lose reduction in the cast and will slip back to the pre-reduction position; - patients should be examined for carpal tunnel symptoms before and after reduction; - carpal tunnel symptoms that do not resolve following reduction will require carpal tunnel release; - cautions: - The efficacy of closed reduction in displaced distal radius fractures. - Technique: - anesthesia: (see: anesthesia menu) - hematoma block w/ lidocaine; - w/ hematoma block surgeon should look for "flash back" of blood from hematoma, prior to injection; - references: - Regional anesthesia preferable for Colles' fracture. Controlled comparison with local anesthesia. - Neurological complications of dynamic reduction of Colles' fractures without anesthesia compared with traditional manipulation after local infiltration anesthesia. - methods of reduction: - Jones method: involves increasing deformity, applying traction, and immobilizing hand & wrist in reduced position; - placing hand & wrist in too much flexion (Cotton-Loder position) leads to median nerve compression & stiff fingers; - Bohler advocated longitudinal traction followed by extension and realignment; - consider hyper-extending the distal fragment, and then translating it distally (while in extended position) until it can be "hooked over" proximal fragment; - subsequently, the distal fragment can be flexed (or hinged) over the proximal shaft fragment; - closed reduction of distal radius fractures is facilitated by having an assistant provide counter traction (above the elbow) while the surgeon controls the distal fragment w/ both hands (both thumbs over the dorsal surface of the distal fragment); - flouroscopy: - it allows a quick, gentle, and complete reduction; - prepare are by prewrapping the arm w/ sheet cotton and have the plaster or fibroglass ready; - if flouroscopy is not available, then do not pre-wrap the extremity w/ cotton; - it will be necessary to palpate the landmarks (outer shaped of radius, radial styloid, and Lister's tubercle, in order to judge success of reduction; - casting: - generally, the surgeon will use a pre-measured double sugar sugar tong splint, which is 6-8 layers in thickness; - more than 8 layers of plaster can cause full thickness burns: - reference: Setting temperatures of synthetic casts. - position of immobilization - follow up: - radiographs: - repeat radiographs are required weekly for 2-3 weeks to ensure that there is maintenance of the reduction; - a fracture reduction that slips should be considered to be unstable and probably require fixation with (pins, or ex fix ect.) - there is some evidence that remanipulation following fracture displacement in cast is not effective for these fractures; - ultimately, whether or not a patient is satisfied with the results of non operative treatment depends heavily on th

Anti Rides Efficace, Comment Faire Un Régime Pour Mincir Vite, Aliment Brûle Graisse, Poids Graisse ---- http://rajeunir-de-10-ans.info-pro.co --- 5 Raisons pour lesquelles le Cardio traditionnel n’est PAS bon pour vous. Voici le problème : si vous cherchez à rentabiliser au maximum le temps que vous passez à vous entrainer, le cardio de longue durée à faible intensité n'est pas la voie à suivre… et pour de nombreuses raisons. Voici le top 5 de ces raisons : 1. Un nombre réduit de calories brûlées : 45 minutes sur un tapis de course peut vous aider à brûler au maximum 300 calories si vous êtes chanceux, l'équivalent de 50 grammes de graisse. En faisant dix heures de tapis de course par semaine vous pourriez perdre un demi-kilo ! 2. Beaucoup trop de temps consacré : je ne sais pas pour vous, mais je n'ai pas des heures et des heures de mon temps à mettre dans l’entraînement chaque semaine. En fait, j'ai seulement le temps de faire quelques heures d'exercice par semaine, et vous savez quoi ? C'est tout ce dont vous avez besoin. En fait, la recherche a montré que plus de 90 minutes par semaine peuvent être nuisibles! Au-delà de cela, le cardio de longue durée et faible intensité est : 3. Ennuyeux à mourir : assis sur un vélo d'exercice à regarder le mur en face de moi pendant 45-60 minutes ? Non merci. Mais peut-être pire encore est le fait que le cardio de longue durée et à faible intensité ne fournit : Pas d’avantages prolongés au niveau métabolique : saviez-vous qu’avec de l'exercice avec plus d'intensité il est possible de continuer à brûler des calories pour un maximum de 48 heures après l'entraînement ? C'est vrai. Mais vous savez ce qui est vrai également ? Le cardio de longue durée et à faible intensité ne fournit pratiquement aucune stimulation prolongée du métabolisme. En fait, avec un cardio lent et à faible intensité, le métabolisme revient à la normale presque immédiatement après la séance d'exercice. Et enfin, la raison qui l'emporte sur toutes les autres : 5. Une perte de graisse minimale : un minimum de calories sont brûlées pendant la session et pratiquement aucunes calories supplémentaires ne sont brûlées après… donc aucune perte de graisse supplémentaire. Et soyons honnêtes, la seule raison pour laquelle quelqu'un fait du cardio c'est pour avoir des "résultats visibles". Donc, si le cardio de longue durée à faible intensité n'est pas la solution idéale, quelle est-elle ? ET bien les solutions sont multiples et vous n'avez pas besoin de passer des heures et des heures chaque semaine à vous entrainer de façon stupide pour obtenir les meilleures résultats possibles. Les étapes Pour Rajeunir De 10 Ans Plus Jeunes Cliquez Ici: http://rajeunir-de-10-ans.info-pro.co

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Coloscopy | Colon Polyp Resection | Polypectomy



Colonoscopies are essential for detecting colorectal abnormalities, including colon polyps. Polypectomy, the surgical removal of these growths, can prevent them from becoming cancerous. This article offers a brief overview of colonoscopies, colon polyps, and polypectomy procedures.

A colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination allowing healthcare providers to visualize the colon and rectum using a colonoscope. The colonoscope, a flexible tube with a camera and light source, helps detect abnormalities, including polyps or tumors.

Colon polyps are abnormal growths arising from the colon's inner lining. While most polyps are benign, some can become malignant. Adenomatous polyps have a higher potential to become cancerous, whereas hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps pose a lower risk.

Polypectomy involves removing colon polyps during a colonoscopy. Two primary techniques include snare polypectomy, using a wire loop to cut the polyp, and cold forceps polypectomy, which employs forceps to grasp and remove smaller polyps.

Following a polypectomy, patients may experience mild discomfort or bleeding. Regular surveillance is crucial to minimize colorectal cancer risk. The frequency of surveillance colonoscopies depends on the number, size, and type of polyps found, as well as the patient's overall risk factors.

Colonoscopies and polypectomies play vital roles in detecting and removing colon polyps, reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, and maintaining optimal colon health.


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Patients are generally placed in a supine position with the head in an extended position. As noted above, Gardner-Wells tongs can be used for additional cervical traction. The hands can also be tied downward to increase the operative exposure. Once the surgical site is properly prepared with cleansing material, the appropriate surgical level is identified with intraoperative radiographs. A scalpel is used to make a linear longitudinal incision just medial to the body of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The incision is made long enough to include at least 2 vertebral levels if a 1-level discectomy is being performed. Alternatively, transverse skin incisions over the targeted vertebral level can also be performed. The platysmal muscle is identified and incised. The platysmal incision can be extended if a multilevel decompression is the surgical aim. Extensive subplatysmal dissection is performed to reduce retraction injury.

Swelling is a typical symptom of lymphedema and commonly affects legs and arms. Compression stockings work to encourage the movement of lymph out of an affected limb. Lymphedema is incurable. However, treatment can help reduce the swelling and pain