Ca2+ binds with the membrane of the synaptic vesicles, which causes the vesicles to break and release the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. After the neurotransmitters are released, they diffuse across the synaptic cleft and interact with receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. When the action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal, it provokes the release of a small quantity of neurotransmitter molecules, which bind to chemical receptor molecules located in the membrane of another neuron, the postsynaptic neuron, on the opposite side of the synaptic cleft.

This video illustrates several forms of catatonia including waxy flexibility, forced grasping, opposition, negativism and aversion.

http://www.highimpact.com - This brain surgery animation was used to demonstrate a young girl's craniotomy, cranioplasty, and reconstructive skull surgery after her vehicle was struck by a tractor-trailer. The procedures included the evacuation of a large epidural hematoma, the draining of the epidural space, and the reassembly of bone fragments to repair the skull.

More Brain Surgery Animations: https://tinyurl.com/y6m4lkdf

WHAT HAPPENED

A teenage girl was riding home with her parents and boyfriend from a Wednesday night church service when a tractor-trailer struck the back driver’s side of their car as they were traveling through an intersection. The impact sent the car spinning into oncoming traffic where it struck another vehicle. When paramedics arrived, the 17-year-old was unresponsive with bleeding from her left ear and a laceration from behind her left ear.

She was rushed to the hospital where she underwent a series of CT scans that showed a severely comminuted open skull fracture with an underlying 1.1 cm subdural hematoma. She was taken to the operating room where an emergency craniotomy was performed to evacuate the hematoma and reassemble the skull fragments. The patient gradually began to wake up and was discharged six days later, after she showed she could maneuver up and down the hallway.

The biggest challenge in a traumatic brain injury case like this - where most of the damages are deeply underlying and undetectable on the surface - is that the only visual evidence is in the form of 2D black-and-white radiographic films. This can look ambiguous to the typical juror because it’s often difficult to discern where these snapshots are located inside the person’s skull. Tony Seaton, Esq., and Robert Bates, Esq., needed to reinforce this 2D radiographic evidence with maximum 3D context.

We equipped them with a custom Diagnostic Slice Chooser: an interactive presentation that presents radiographic slides within a three-dimensional model of the patient’s head. We also designed the model accurately to the patient’s likeness and colorized the films to highlight key areas of damage. The attorneys could show the complete depth and magnitude of his client’s injuries at every level both before and after the surgery. After establishing the full extent of damages, we also created an animation to walk viewers through the surgical experience the patient would undergo as a result of her injuries.

The visual presentation helped jurors understand the destructive impact this collision had on this young teenager’s life, and Mr. Seaton and Mr. Bates, Esq., were able to acquire a $4.5M settlement for his client.

Read the Full Case Study: https://tinyurl.com/yy4v2dyh

Watch that video to learn How to Know When You Are Ovulating

The examination room should be quiet, warm and well lit. After you have finished interviewing the patient, provide them with a gown (a.k.a. "Johnny") and leave the room (or draw a separating curtain) while they change. Instruct them to remove all of their clothing (except for briefs) and put on the gown so that the opening is in the rear. Occasionally, patient's will end up using them as ponchos, capes or in other creative ways. While this may make for a more attractive ensemble it will also, unfortunately, interfere with your ability to perform an examination! Prior to measuring vital signs, the patient should have had the opportunity to sit for approximately five minutes so that the values are not affected by the exertion required to walk to the exam room. All measurements are made while the patient is seated. Observation: Before diving in, take a minute or so to look at the patient in their entirety, making your observations, if possible, from an out-of-the way perch. Does the patient seem anxious, in pain, upset? What about their dress and hygiene? Remember, the exam begins as soon as you lay eyes on the patient. Temperature: This is generally obtained using an oral thermometer that provides a digital reading when the sensor is placed under the patient's tongue. As most exam rooms do not have thermometers, it is not necessary to repeat this measurement unless, of course, the recorded value seems discordant with the patient's clinical condition (e.g. they feel hot but reportedly have no fever or vice versa). Depending on the bias of a particular institution, temperature is measured in either Celcius or Farenheit, with a fever defined as greater than 38-38.5 C or 101-101.5 F. Rectal temperatures, which most closely reflect internal or core values, are approximately 1 degree F higher than those obtained orally. Respiratory Rate: Respirations are recorded as breaths per minute. They should be counted for at least 30 seconds as the total number of breaths in a 15 second period is rather small and any miscounting can result in rather large errors when multiplied by 4. Try to do this as surreptitiously as possible so that the patient does not consciously alter their rate of breathing. This can be done by observing the rise and fall of the patient's hospital gown while you appear to be taking their pulse. Normal is between 12 and 20. In general, this measurement offers no relevant information for the routine examination. However, particularly in the setting of cardio-pulmonary illness, it can be a very reliable marker of disease activity. Pulse: This can be measured at any place where there is a large artery (e.g. carotid, femoral, or simply by listening over the heart), though for the sake of convenience it is generally done by palpating the radial impulse. You may find it helpful to feel both radial arteries simultaneously, doubling the sensory input and helping to insure the accuracy of your measurements. Place the tips of your index and middle fingers just proximal to the patients wrist on the thumb side, orienting them so that they are both over the length of the vessel.

Here's how female-to-male gender reassignment surgery works.

Ophthalmoscopy - Eye Clinical Examination - OSCE - Dr Gill

Direct Ophthalmoscopy use of the eyes is a very challenging clinical skill, incorporating both the examiner's knowledge of the retina, but also understanding the use of the ophthalmoscope

In this clinical skills tutorial, we look at the use of the direct ophthalmoscope as part of an ophthalmic examination

it should be noted that in the ideal circumstances, the room lights will be dimmed during the examination, and dilating eye drops used to improve the visualisation of the fundus

Some people may notice an ASMR effect from this clinical examination

#DrGill #Ophthalmoscopy #ClinicalSkills #EyeExam

A video showing the repair of episiotomy

Testicular torsion occurs when a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that brings blood to the scrotum. The reduced blood flow causes sudden and often severe pain and swelling. Testicular torsion is most common between ages 12 and 16, but it can occur at any age, even before birth. Testicular torsion usually requires emergency surgery. If treated quickly, the testicle can usually be saved. But when blood flow has been cut off for too long, a testicle might become so badly damaged that it has to be removed.

To record the sequence, Stephan Gordts and Ivo Brosens of the Leuven Institute for Fertility & Embryology in Belgium performed transvaginal laparoscopy, which involves making a small cut in the vaginal wall and observing the ovary with an endoscope.

"This allows us direct access to and observation of the tubo-ovarian structures without manipulation using forceps," says Gordts.

For the photos of ovulation, which only accidentally captured the critical moment, Jacques Donnez at the Catholic University of Louvain (UCL) in Brussels, Belgium, used gas to distend the organs for photography. However, Gordts and Brosens planned the procedure to coincide with ovulation and used saline solution to "float" the structures.
Perfect timing

Observation was timed for the day of the peak of the patient's luteal hormone cycle. Ovulation was predicted to occur on the evening of the day of the LH peak, and the endoscope introduced at 6 pm.

A small amount of saline was used to float the opening of the fallopian tube, its fimbriae (the "fingers" that sweep the egg into the tube) and the ovary itself. This gives a more natural appearance than gas, says Gordts.

In the video, the fimbriae can be seen sweeping in time with the patient's heartbeat. A mucus plug can be seen protruding from the ovary – this contains the egg.

"The ovum is not captured 'naked'," says Gordts. "There is no eruption like a volcano."

Gordts says that in clinical practice it is not easy to organise the observation of ovulation. "We were probably lucky to be successful at our first attempt," he says.

Full examination of the female from head to toe by Loyola Medical School, Chicago. Part 4

Catheterization of the Male and Female

Watch that Full Real Human Body Decomposition Process

Watch that video of A Man Impaled by Shovel in His Butt - Untold Stories of the ER

Breast Massage Technique For Good Breast Health

This video demonstrates how to perform an abdominal examination in an OSCE station.

You can access our step-by-step OSCE guide to accompany this video here: https://geekymedics.com/abdominal-examination/

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Chapters:
- Introduction 00:00
- General inspection 00:35
- Hands 00:47
- Asterixis 01:20
- Arms and axilla 01:32
- Face, eyes & mouth 01:45
- Lymph node palpation 02:19
- Chest inspection 02:50
- Inspection of abdomen 03:02
- Palpation of abdomen 03:34
- Percussion of abdomen 05:36
- Shifting dullness 06:30
- Auscultation of abdomen 06:55
- Summary 07:29

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Always adhere to your medical school/local hospital guidelines when performing examinations or clinical procedures. DO NOT perform any examination or procedure on patients based purely upon the content of these videos. Geeky Medics accepts no liability for loss of any kind incurred as a result of reliance upon the information provided in this video.

Some people have found this video useful for ASMR purposes.

A bodybuilder gets his shoulder leaking because of synthol use on the stage while posing back double biceps

Plastination pioneer Gunther Von Hagens gives us a view inside the bodies of 2 people who have died of cancer.

Hemophilia B is a hereditary bleeding disorder caused by a lack of blood clotting factor IX. Without enough factor IX, the blood cannot clot properly to control bleeding.

Bimanual Hip Examination of the Female genitalia