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Heartburn is a burning pain in your chest, just behind your breastbone. The pain is often worse when lying down or bending over. Occasional heartburn is common and no cause for alarm. Most people can manage the discomfort of heartburn on their own with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. Heartburn that is more frequent or interferes with your daily routine may be a symptom of a more serious condition that requires medical care
Normal Heart Sounds With the aid of a stethoscope you can hear the characteristic sounds of the normal heartbeat, typically described as a "lub-dub." These sounds are produced by the closure of the heart valves. The first heart sound or "lub" results from closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves. It is a rather low-pitched and a relatively long sound which, as indicated in, represents the beginning of ventricular systole. The second heart sound, or "dub," marks the beginning of ventricular diastole. It is produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonary (pulmonic) semilunar vanes when the intraventricular pressure begins to fall. This "dub" sound is typically heard as a sharp snap because the semilunar valves tend to close much more rapidly than the AV valves. Because diastole occupies more time than systole, a brief pause occurs after the second heart sound when the heart is beating at a normal rate. Therefore, the pattern that one hears is one of: "lub-dub" pause, "lub-dub" pause, and so on. Sometimes, especially in young normal individuals, a third heart sound can be heard. This sound is produced by the very rapid influx of blood into the partially filled ventricle. It is typically very faint and as such difficult to hear.
No condom prevents pregnancy or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) 100% of the time. But if you and your partner are having sex, nothing protects against STDs better than a properly used condom. For those having sex, condoms must always be used to protect against STDs even when using another method of birth control.
Pulmonary edema Email this page to a friend Email this page to a friend Facebook Twitter Google+ Pulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs. This buildup of fluid leads to shortness of breath. Causes Pulmonary edema is often caused by congestive heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump efficiently, blood can back up into the veins that take blood through the lungs. As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs. This fluid reduces normal oxygen movement through the lungs. These two factors combine to cause shortness of breath.
Dr. David Rivadeneira from Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, NY will host a panel discussion on how to obtain improved outcomes during open surgery through the application of advanced techniques and technologies, including the new LigaSure Impact™ instrument. "It provides excellent and reliable hemostasis on major blood vessels, but the big advancement is that it is faster than traditional techniques and leaves no foreign material behind."
The program will begin with a brief introduction of the topic, followed by video presentation of two procedures, a right hemicolectomy and a sigmoid colectomy. Dr. Rivadeneira will discuss the techniques that he uses. "You'll be able to see the impact of applying multifunctional energy-based instruments to enable rapid and reliable dissection of the mesentery and ligation of colonic blood supply. This is particularly evident on tough diverticular cases, where it works very well with complicated tissue." Joining Dr. Rivadeneira, to review and discuss the cases, will be Dr. Sang Lee from Weill Cornell Medical College, NY.
Guest surgeon Dr. Nicole Callan gives us an introduction to hernias. She discusses what a hernia is, the different types of hernias, and an introduction to treatment.
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Medical emergency
Do NOT use the Video for medical emergencies. If you have a medical emergency, call a physician or qualified healthcare provider, or CALL 911 immediately. Under no circumstances should you attempt self-treatment based on anything you have seen or read on the Video.
General information is not medical advice
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Modern treatment of seizures started in 1850 with the introduction of bromides, which was based on the theory that epilepsy was caused by an excessive sex drive. In 1910, phenobarbital (PHB), which then was used to induce sleep, was found to have antiseizure activity and became the drug of choice for many years. A number of medications similar to PHB were developed, including primidone.
Skin cancer is the most common of all cancer types, accounting for an estimated one third of all new cases. It’s important to take the right steps to ensure proper protection and adopt good sun care habits no matter what your age or stage in life.
Here are seven ways to start reining in your risks today, before a stroke has the chance to strike. Lower blood pressure. ... Lose weight. ... Exercise more. ... Drink — in moderation. ... Treat atrial fibrillation. ... Treat diabetes. ... Quit smoking.
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If you suffer a knee injury, what do you do about it? Should you be concerned? On one hand, you could give it a few days to see if it gets better on its own. How can you know if you risk making the problem worse? In this Ask Dr. Geier video, I offer four signs you have a serious knee injury that could require surgery.
Please note: I don't respond to questions and requests for specific medical advice left in the comments to my videos. I receive too many to keep up (several hundred per week), and legally I can't offer specific medical advice to people who aren't my patients (see below). If you want to ask a question about a specific injury you have, leave it in the comments below, and I might answer it in an upcoming Ask Dr. Geier video. If you need more detailed information on your injury, go to my Resources page: https://www.drdavidgeier.com/resources/
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SWELLING
If you have a knee that is much more swollen than the opposite knee, especially if the swelling developed soon after you got hurt, then it could be a sign of structural damage. While a small amount of swelling could be normal or a sign of inflammation in the knee, a knee that is really swollen and much larger than the other knee could represent a fracture, torn ACL or other ligament or some other damaged structure.
INABILITY TO FULLY STRAIGHTEN YOUR KNEE
Pain can make it difficult for you to straighten your knee. But being unable to get your knee completely flat can be a sign of an injury like an ACL tear or meniscus tear.
LOCKING OF THE KNEE
Locking is a term orthopedic surgeons use to describe a knee that gets stuck in a certain position. Maybe you can straighten it to a certain point, but it gets stuck around 30 degrees short of fully straight. Or you can’t bend it past a certain point because something inside the knee is blocking it. Catching is a milder form of the same problem, where you can get to the point that the motion stops, but you can twist or rotate your knee past that point.
BUCKLING OR GIVING WAY
Having the tibia (shin bone) shift out from under the femur (thigh bone) usually represents an ACL injury. If your knee buckled during the traumatic injury and keeps happening in the days after the injury, you risk doing more damage to the other structures inside the knee.
This list is not comprehensive, so if you are concerned about your knee injury or knee pain, it never hurts to see your doctor or an orthopedic surgeon.
Video giving an overview of histology, slide preparation, histological stains, and types of microscopy. This video is a part of our Histology Video Course (https://youtube.com/playlist?l....ist=PLnr1l7WuQdDynxT
Specific topics: what is histology, general composition of tissues, histotechnology: how histology slides are prepared, histology stains, immunohistochemistry, light microscopy vs electron microscopy, and pro tips for learning histology
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Sinusitis means your sinuses are inflamed. The cause can be an infection or another problem. Your sinuses are hollow air spaces within the bones surrounding the nose. They produce mucus, which drains into the nose. If your nose is swollen, this can block the sinuses and cause pain. There are several types of sinusitis, including Acute, which lasts up to 4 weeks Subacute, which lasts 4 to 12 weeks Chronic, which lasts more than 12 weeks and can continue for months or even years Recurrent, with several attacks within a year Acute sinusitis often starts as a cold, which then turns into a bacterial infection. Allergies, nasal problems, and certain diseases can also cause acute and chronic sinusitis. Symptoms of sinusitis can include fever, weakness, fatigue, cough, and congestion. There may also be mucus drainage in the back of the throat, called postnasal drip. Your health care professional diagnoses sinusitis based on your symptoms and an examination of your nose and face. You may also need imaging tests. Treatments include antibiotics, decongestants, and pain relievers. Using heat pads on the inflamed area, saline nasal sprays, and vaporizers can also help.