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Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia samer kareem 4,317 Views • 2 years ago

There are 3 genetic types of FHH based on chromosome location. FHH type 1 accounts for 65% of cases and is due to inactivating mutations in the CASR gene, localized to 3q21.1. This gene encodes the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Loss of CaSR function results in a reduction in the sensitivity of parathyroid and renal cells to calcium levels so hypercalcemia is perceived as normal. The other 35% have either a mutation GNA11 (19p13.3) seen in FHH type 2 or AP2S1 (19q13.2-q13.3) seen in FHH type 3 (see these terms) or in genes not yet discovered. FHH is rarely caused by auto-antibodies against CaSR in those without a mutation.

What makes some people's feet stink.
What makes some people's feet stink. samer kareem 1,491 Views • 2 years ago

The most detailed explanation you'll ever hear on what makes some people's feet stink. (Not yours, obviously.)

Stent when there is plaque buildup in an artery.
Stent when there is plaque buildup in an artery. samer kareem 7,514 Views • 2 years ago

The fascinating way doctors insert a stent when there is plaque buildup in an artery.

Diabetes & Associated Complications
Diabetes & Associated Complications samer kareem 17,199 Views • 2 years ago

Possible complications include: Cardiovascular disease. ... Nerve damage (neuropathy). ... Kidney damage (nephropathy). ... Eye damage (retinopathy). ... Foot damage. ... Skin conditions. ... Hearing impairment. ... Alzheimer's disease.

Glucose
Glucose samer kareem 9,444 Views • 2 years ago

Recommended range without diabetes is 70 to 130mg/dL. (The standard for measuring blood glucose is "mg/dL" which means milligrams per deciliter.) If your blood glucose level is above 130mg/dL, that's fasting hyperglycemia. Fasting hyperglycemia is a common diabetes complication.

Ankle Screw Removal
Ankle Screw Removal samer kareem 1,591 Views • 2 years ago

Hardware removals are among the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Current literature offers little data concerning postoperative patient satisfaction. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the patients’ point of view on implant removal. watch to learn more.

How CPAP works
How CPAP works samer kareem 14,576 Views • 2 years ago

CPAP, or continuous positive airway pressure, is a treatment that uses mild air pressure to keep the airways open. CPAP typically is used by people who have breathing problems, such as sleep apnea. CPAP also may be used to treat preterm infants whose lungs have not fully developed.

Direct Laryngoscopy: MICU Fellows Airway Course
Direct Laryngoscopy: MICU Fellows Airway Course samer kareem 23,344 Views • 2 years ago

Direct Laryngoscopy: MICU Fellows Airway Course

Respiratory Anatomy
Respiratory Anatomy samer kareem 1,348 Views • 2 years ago

There are 3 major parts of the respiratory system: the airway, the lungs, and the muscles of respiration. The airway, which includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, carries air between the lungs and the body's exterior.

How Much Force Does It Take To Break A Bone?
How Much Force Does It Take To Break A Bone? samer kareem 5,265 Views • 2 years ago

Force Does It Take To Break A Bone

Bowel Obstruction - Causes and Pathophysiology
Bowel Obstruction - Causes and Pathophysiology samer kareem 6,549 Views • 2 years ago

A small-bowel obstruction (SBO) is caused by a variety of pathologic processes. The leading cause of SBO in industrialized countries is postoperative adhesions (60%), followed by malignancy, Crohn disease, and hernias, although some studies have reported Crohn disease as a greater etiologic factor than neoplasia.

GASTROPARESIS
GASTROPARESIS samer kareem 6,008 Views • 2 years ago

Gastroparesis -- literally “paralyzed stomach” -- is a serious condition manifested by delayed emptying of stomach contents into the small intestine after a meal. There is no cure for gastroparesis, but treatment can speed gastric emptying and relieve gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

Upper Lip Tie Treatment
Upper Lip Tie Treatment samer kareem 1,383 Views • 2 years ago

Tongue and lip-tie are common causes of nipple pain, uneven breast drainage, slow weight gain and low milk supply. Many physicians do not properly assess for tongue or lip-tie or recognize their impact on the breastfeeding relationship, leaving babies vulnerable to early weaning. Ultrasound studies have shown that the tongue movements used by tongue-tied babies are qualitatively different from those used by by babies who are not tongue-tied. These movements are not as effective at removing milk from the breast and can cause significant pain and nipple damage. In these studies, tongue-tied babies also did not draw the nipple as deeply into the mouth as babies who were not tongue-tied.

Preparing Your Child for an MRI
Preparing Your Child for an MRI samer kareem 6,328 Views • 2 years ago

Many children receive MRIs at the hospital, and it can often be a scary experience if they are unprepared or don't know what to expect.

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) samer kareem 9,347 Views • 2 years ago

All forms of heparin (including low-molecular-weight heparin such as enoxaparin) must be stopped immediately in patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) while awaiting diagnostic confirmation. Patients with HIT remain at high risk of thrombosis even after discontinuation of heparin. Therefore, an alternate, rapidly acting, non-heparin anticoagulant such as direct thrombin inhibitor (eg, argatroban, bivalirudin) must be started immediately.

Scleroderma and systemic sclerosis
Scleroderma and systemic sclerosis Alicia Berger 1,858 Views • 2 years ago

Scleroderma and systemic sclerosis

What is Scleroderma?
What is Scleroderma? Scott 1,726 Views • 2 years ago

What is Scleroderma? (also known as Systemic Sclerosis)

Transfusion Reactions Part 1
Transfusion Reactions Part 1 samer kareem 1,604 Views • 2 years ago

A hemolytic transfusion reaction is a serious complication that can occur after a transfusion of blood. The red blood cells that were given in the transfusion are destroyed by the patient's immune system. There are other types of allergic transfusion reactions that do not cause hemolysis.

Blood Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (Part 2)
Blood Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases (Part 2) samer kareem 1,521 Views • 2 years ago

Blood Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Superior sagittal sinus
Superior sagittal sinus samer kareem 4,757 Views • 2 years ago

The superior sagittal sinus (also known as the superior longitudinal sinus), within the human head, is an unpaired area along the attached margin of falx cerebri. It allows blood to drain from the lateral aspects of anterior cerebral hemispheres to the confluence of sinuses.

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