Renal agenesis is a condition in which a newborn is missing one or both kidneys. Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) is the absence of one kidney. Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) is the absence of both kidneys. Both types of renal agenesis occur in fewer than 1 percent of births annually, according to the March of Dimes. Fewer than 1 in every 1,000 newborns has URA. BRA is much rarer, occurring in about 1 in every 3,000 births.

Testing for the four features of Gerstmann Syndrome in this patient with two separate left sided strokes (left frontoparietal ischaemic stroke followed by left posterior parietal haemorrhagic stroke). He exhibits (i) acalculia, (ii) agraphia, (iii) left-right disorientation, and (iv) finger agnosia. Complicating the issue is his obvious nonfluent aphasia (expressive dysphasia) with paraphasic errors (replacing words with associated words (e.g. says 'fork' instead of 'spoon')) and some comprehension issues.

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Trabeculectomy, also called Filtration Surgery, is a surgical procedure performed for treatment of glaucoma. The treatment involves removing part of the trabecular meshwork and creating a new escape route for the aqueous humor. When successful, it allows the aqueous fluid to drain from the eye into an area underneath the conjunctiva where it is subsequently absorbed by the body's circulatory system or filtered into tears.
In this procedure:
- A conjunctival pocket is created and maybe treated with Mitomycin or other antimetabolites for a few minutes. These drugs are used to prevent scarring of the operation site. Scarring, if occurs, may clog the new drainage canal, and is therefore the major reason the procedure may fail.
- A half thickness flap is then made in the sclera and is dissected all the way to the clear cornea.
- A block of scleral tissue including part of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal is then removed to make a hole into the anterior chamber of the eye.
- As the iris may plug up this hole from the inside, a piece of the iris maybe removed at this time. This is called iridectomy.
- The scleral flap is then sutured loosely back in place. These sutures can be released gradually during a couple of weeks after surgery. This allows adjustment of the aqueous flow in order to achieve target pressure and to avoid the complication of having a too low intraocular pressure.
- The conjunctiva is sewn back in place to cover the area.
After surgery, aqueous humor drains into a filtering area called a "bleb" under the conjunctiva. Since the surgery is usually performed near the top of the eye, the bleb can easily be concealed behind the upper eyelid.

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it's a 8 years old boy with previous medical history of Sickle cell disease presented with gall stone and repeat abdominal pain. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is performed. The cystic duct is controlled with 2 stiches of absorbable suture. The cystic artery is simply cauterized with the hook cauter...y. the specimen is removed through the umbilical port using an 10mm endobag.

Another video of Dr.Vijay C. Bose from Apollo Speciality Hospital chennai perform Birmingham Hip Resurfacing Surgery procedure for a case of Avascular necrosis.The NCP ( Neck Capsule Preserving) approach is being used. Total hip replacement, hip resurfacing simply shaves and caps a few centimeters of bone within the joint. The bone-conserving approach of the Birmingham Hip Resurfacing System.

A lumbar puncture (also called a spinal tap) is a procedure to collect and look at the fluid (cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. During a lumbar puncture, a needle is carefully inserted into the spinal canal low in the back (lumbar area). Samples of CSF are collected.

An animation showing the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

secret about human

Breast Reduction Surgery video Operation مركز افارا لجراحات التجميل الخدود تكبير الشفايف

Breast Implant Surgery - exchanging the breast implants. In this video you can see a Plastic Surgeon performing an exchange of breast implant surgery.As breast implants become more popular more breast implant exchange procedures are being performed. This video shows breast implant removal followed by insertion of a larger breast implant.

6 987 24 MORE How Does Anesthesia Work? Credit: itsmejust | Shutterstock If you’ve ever had surgery, unless you are super tough, you’ve gone through it with the benefit of anesthetics. But, how do these body-numbing elixirs work? Prior to the invention of anesthesia in the mid-1800s, surgeons had to hack off limbs, sew up wounds and remove mysterious growths with nothing to dull the patient's pain but opium or booze. While these drugs may have numbed the patient, they didn’t always completely block the pain, or erase the memory of it. Since then, doctors have gotten much better at putting us out with drug combinations that ease pain, relax muscles and, in some cases, put us in a deep state of hypnosis that gives us temporary amnesia. Today, there are two primary types of anesthesia drugs: those that knockout the whole body (general) and those that only numb things up locally.

GIANT EAR WAX REMOVAL By using the elephant ear device.It's very useful video for medical students.Please share it!

Glomus tumors are rare soft tissue neoplasms that typically present in adults (ages 20-40 years) as small, blue-red papules or nodules of the distal extremities, with most cases involving subungual sites. These tumors are typically painful, often causing paroxysmal pain in response to temperature changes or pressure. Glomus tumors are thought to arise from the glomus body, a thermoregulatory shunt concentrated in the fingers and toes. Most lesions are solitary and localized to cutaneous sites; however, generalized glomuvenous malformations, or multiple glomangiomas, have also been described, and may have extracutaneous involvement.

The brain is the most complex organ in our body. It controls everything we do, from simple things such as breathing, to complex things such as co-ordinating our movements. The brain stores our memories, allows us to think and speak, and controls how we behave

Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.

HD Hip Replacement Surgery

HD Cataract Surgery Video

The human brain is the command center for the human nervous system. It receives input from the sensory organs and sends output to the muscles. The human brain has the same basic structure as other mammal brains, but is larger in relation to body size than any other brains.