intracranial hematoma occurs when a blood vessel ruptures within your brain or between your skull and your brain. The collection of blood (hematoma) compresses your brain tissue. An intracranial hematoma may occur because the fluid that surrounds your brain can't absorb the force of a sudden blow or a quick stop. Then your brain may slide forcefully against the inner wall of your skull and become bruised. Although some head injuries — such as one that causes only a brief lapse of consciousness (concussion) — can be minor, an intracranial hematoma is potentially life-threatening and often requires immediate treatment. An intracranial hematoma often, but not always, requires surgery to remove the blood.

Medications to treat high blood pressure Thiazide diuretics. ... Beta blockers. ... Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. ... Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). ... Calcium channel blockers. ... Renin inhibitors

Strep throat is a bacterial infection that can make your throat feel sore and scratchy. Strep throat accounts for only a small portion of sore throats. If untreated, strep throat can cause complications, such as kidney inflammation or rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever can lead to painful and inflamed joints, a specific type of rash or heart valve damage. Strep throat is most common in children, but it affects people of all ages. If you or your child has signs or symptoms of strep throat, see your doctor for prompt testing and treatment.

Chordoid meningioma, classified as atypical meningioma according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification, is a rare subtype, which represents only 0.5% of all meningiomas and is associated with a high incidence of recurrence. Multiple intracranial meningiomas are rare in non-neurofibromatosis patients. We present a female patient with both of these rare types of meningioma. The patient presented with two concurrent intracranial meningiomas, with one a meningotheliomatous subtype and the other a chordoid meningioma. Given the wide array of histological differential diagnoses in chordoid meningioma, immunohistochemistry has a significant role to play in differentiating them. Recurrence in chordoid meningioma can be generally predicted based on the extent of resection, the percentage of chordoid element, and proliferation indices.

Any independent vertical movement of the transducer or the patient will affect the hydrostatic column of this fluid-filled system and thus alter the pressure measurements. At some time before or after PAC insertion, the system must therefore be zeroed to ambient air pressure. The reference point for this is the midpoint of the left atrium (LA), estimated as the fourth intercostal space in the midaxillary line with the patient in the supine position. With the transducer at this height, the membrane is exposed to atmospheric pressure, and the monitor is then adjusted to zero. Calibration Once zeroed, the monitoring system must be calibrated for accuracy. Currently, most monitors perform an automated electronic calibration. Two methods are used to manually calibrate and check the system. If the catheter has not been inserted, the distal tip of the PAC is raised to a specified height above the LA. For example, raising the tip 20 cm above the LA should produce a reading of approximately 15 mm Hg if the system is working properly (1 mm Hg equals 1.36 cm H 2 O). Alternatively, pressure can be applied externally to the transducer and adjusted to a known level using a mercury or aneroid manometer. The monitor then is adjusted to read this pressure, and the system is calibrated. Dynamic tuning Central pressures are dynamic waveforms (ie, they vary from systole to diastole) and thus have a periodic frequency. To monitor these pressures accurately, the system requires an appropriate frequency response. A poorly responsive system produces inaccurate pressure readings, and differentiating waveforms (eg, PA from pulmonary capillary wedge pressure [PCWP]) can become difficult. When signal energy is lost, the pressure waveform is dampened. Common causes of this are air bubbles (which are compressible), long or compliant tubing, vessel wall impingement, intracatheter debris, transducer malfunction, and loose connections in the tubing. A qualitative test of the frequency response is performed by flicking the catheter and observing a brisk high-frequency response in the waveform. After insertion, the system can be checked by using the rapid flush test. When flushed, an appropriately responsive system shows an initial horizontal straight line with a high-pressure reading. Once the flushing is terminated, the pressure drops immediately, which is represented by a vertical line that plunges below the baseline. A brief and well-defined oscillation occurs, followed by return of the PA waveform. A dampened system will not overshoot or oscillate, and causes a delay in returning to the PA waveform.

physical exam -Newborn Normal:Behavior

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a hand condition that causes numbness, tingling and other symptoms. Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by a pinched nerve in your wrists A number of factors can contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome, including the anatomy of your wrist, certain underlying health problems and possibly patterns of hand use. Bound by bones and ligaments, the carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway located on the palm side of your wrist. This tunnel protects a main nerve to your hand and the nine tendons that bend your fingers. Compression of the nerve produces the numbness, tingling and, eventually, hand weakness that characterize carpal tunnel syndrome.

The exact cause of schizophrenia isn't known, but genetics, environment, and imbalanced brain chemicals may play a role. Schizophrenia is characterized by abnormal social behavior. In severe cases, patients may see or hear things that aren't real. Treatment is usually lifelong and often involves a combination of medications and psychological and social therapy.

Placenta accreta is the most common accounting for approximately 75% of all cases. Placenta Increta occurs when the placenta attaches even deeper into the uterine wall and does penetrate into the uterine muscle.

Causes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome|| Common gynaecological problems in women Polycystic ovarian syndrome, or PCOS, is a condition where a woman's ovaries and adrenal glands produce more androgens than normal, resulting in increased body hair, acne and irregular periods. While researchers are not certain of the exact cause of PCOS, it is known that an imbalance of the endocrine system is responsible for many of the changes associated with it. However, it is still not known exactly what causes those changes.

Dealing with burns

Voice annotated arthroscopic surgery on the right shoulder to perform a subacromial decompression.
Surgery was performed by Dr. Lamont Cardo

CPAP is a treatment that uses mild air pressure to keep your breathing airways open. It involves using a CPAP machine that includes a mask or other device that fits over your nose or your nose and mouth, straps to position the mask, a tube that connects the mask to the machine’s motor, and a motor that blows air into the tube. CPAP is used to treat sleep-related breathing disorders including sleep apnea. It also may be used to treat preterm infants who have underdeveloped lungs.

Few facts and information are summed up in this short video related to Mental Health, Psychiatry and Depression.

Tennis elbow is caused by doing the same forceful arm movements over and over. It creates small, painful tears in the tendons in your elbow. This injury can be caused by tennis, other racquet sports, and activities such as turning a wrench, prolonged typing, or chopping with a knife. The outside (lateral) elbow tendon is most commonly injured. The inside (medial) and backside (posterior) tendons can also be affected. This article discusses surgery to repair tennis elbow

Mechanism of action of a novel HIV drug called Tipranavir

Anatomy of Back Muscles and Spinal Cord

Cervical cerclage can be placed via transvaginal, open transabdominal, or laparoscopic transabdominal approach, preferably before pregnancy. Recurrent late miscarriages may be due to a weak (sometimes called an incompetent) cervix that shortens or opens too early in pregnancy. Cervical cerclage involves placing a stitch around the upper part of the cervix to keep it closed; the operation may be carried out through the vagina, or through the abdomen, as an open or laparoscopic ('keyhole') procedure.