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Knee Pain - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim
Knee Pain - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim Scott 28 Views • 2 years ago

Common causes of the knee pain
Knee pain is very common and in this video we will present the most common problems that can cause pain in the knee. (Patella) itself, which is in front of the knee, or from the tendons that are attached to the kneecap (patellar tendon and quadricep tendon). One of the most common problems is patellar chondromalacia which is chronic pain due to the softening of the cartilage beneath the kneecap. The cartilage of the kneecap will have some erosions, defects, or holes from mild to complete inside the joint (exactly in the back of the kneecap).
• Pain in the front of the knee
• Occurs more in young people
• Becomes worse from climbing up stairs and going downstairs
Treatment is usually nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, physical therapy, and surgery is very rare. Also in front of the kneecap, the patient may get pain due to prepatellar bursitis.
When there is prepatellar bursitis, the patient will see that the swelling, the inflammation, and the pain is located over the front of the kneecap. The bursa becomes inflamed and fills with fluid at the top of the knee, causing pain, swelling, tenderness and a lump in that area on top of the kneecap. If the pain is in front of the knee but below or above the patella, this may indicate that the patient has tendonitis. Patellar tendonitis is an overuse condition that often occurs in athletes who perform repetitive jumping activities. Patellar tendonitis is a knee pain that is associated with focal patellar tendon tenderness and it is usually activity related. It is located below the kneecap and is called "jumper's knee". Patellar tendonitis affects approximately 20% of jumping athletes. There will be tenderness to palpation at the distal pole of the patella in extension and not in flexion. Quadriceps inflexibility, atrophy and hamstring tightness are predisposing factors for this condition. Treatment is rest, anti-inflammatory medication, stretching and strengthening of the hamstrings and quadriceps. Use an eccentric exercise program. The early stages of patellar tendonitis will respond well to nonoperative treatment. Another important cause of knee pain is a meniscal tear. The meniscus is the cushion that protects the cartilage in the knee. Injury will cause pain on the medial or the lateral side of the knee exactly at the level of the joint. The patient will complain of a history of locking, instability and swelling of the knee. McMurray test will be positive. A painful pop or click is obtained as the knee is brought from flexion to extension with either internal or external rotation of the knee. Arthritis of the knee Knee arthritis is very common. The cartilage cells die with age and its repair response decreases in the joint collapses with increased breakdown of the framework of the cartilage. The patient will have progressive blurring away of the cartilage of the joint with decreased joint space as seen on x-rays. Another source of pain is the Baker's cyst. The cyst is in the back of the knee between the semimembranosus yes and the medial gastrocnemius muscles. Another important source of knee pain is a ligament injury. Here is a normal knee without a ligament injury. Here you can see from the front, you can see the lateral and medial collateral ligament. You can see the ACL and PCL from the side view. These ligaments are usually injured as a result of a sports activity. Here is an example of a sports knee injury. Here is an example of the medial collateral ligament injury. This is the most commonly injury knee ligament injury to this ligament is on the inner part of the knee. Here is an example of an injury of the anterior cruciate ligament. It involves a valgus stress to the knee. Lachman test is usually positive, and MRI is diagnostic. Another important cause of knee pain is iliotibial band syndrome of the knee. Inflammation of the thickening of the iliotibial band results from excessive friction as the iliotibial band slides over the lateral femoral condyle. The iliotibial band is a thick band of fascia that extends along the lateral thigh from the iliac crest to the knee. And as the knee moves, the IT band was repeatedly shifted forwards and backwards across the lateral femoral condyle. The patient will complain of swelling, tenderness, and crepitus over the lateral femoral condyle. The condition occurs in the ITB S occurs in runners, cyclist and athletes that require repeated knee flexion and extension. The pain may be reproduced by doing a single-leg squat. The Ober's test is used to at assess tightness of the iliotibial band. MRI may show edema in the area of the ITB. Treatment is usually nonoperative with rest and ice, physical therapy, with stretching, proprioception, and improvement in neuromuscular coordination. Training modification and injections may be helpful. Surgery is a last resort. Surgical excision of the scarred inflamed part of the iliotibial band.

Grisp Reflex
Grisp Reflex Medical_Videos 5,357 Views • 2 years ago

Grisp Reflex

Side Effects Of Birth Control Pills
Side Effects Of Birth Control Pills Scott 7,076 Views • 2 years ago

The oral contraceptive pill, commonly known as "the pill," is a hormone-based method of preventing pregnancy. It can also help resolve irregular menstruation, painful or heavy periods, endometriosis, acne, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Birth control pills work by preventing ovulation. No egg is produced, so there is nothing for the sperm to fertilize. Pregnancy cannot occur. "The pill" is used by nearly 16 percent of women aged 15 to 44 years in the United States, and it has both advantages and disadvantages. People with different risk factors may be advised to use a particular kind of pill. There are different types of contraceptive pills. They all contain synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, or both. Synthetic progesterone is called progestin. Combination pills contain progestin and estrogen. The "mini pill," contains only progestin. Monophasic pills all contain the same balance of hormones. With phasic pills, two or three different types of pill are taken each month, each with a different balance of hormones.

A herniated disc - What is it and what surgical treatments are available?
A herniated disc - What is it and what surgical treatments are available? samer kareem 1,566 Views • 2 years ago

Inner Workings - Disney Animated Short Film about Human Organs
Inner Workings - Disney Animated Short Film about Human Organs Scott 6,355 Views • 2 years ago

Inner Workings tells the story of the ceaseless pull of the human heart — even as it works against the very stoic realism of the brain.

Webisode 6 | Why Choosing a Hospital With a Level 1 Pediatric Surgery Center Matters
Webisode 6 | Why Choosing a Hospital With a Level 1 Pediatric Surgery Center Matters hooda 83 Views • 2 years ago

Children are not little adults, which is why even the simplest of procedures requires a hospital that is 100 percent dedicated to caring for children. Children’s Mercy is one of only 10 centers in the country to be as recognized as a Level 1 Children’s Surgery Center, the highest possible rating. The result? An organization with pediatrics specialists in every subspecialty that sets the standard of care instead of just practicing it.

Anatomy of The Superficial Dissection of The Upper and Lower Limbs
Anatomy of The Superficial Dissection of The Upper and Lower Limbs Anatomy_Videos 17,905 Views • 2 years ago

Anatomy of The Superficial Dissection of The Upper and Lower Limbs

Baby Born with Heart Outside Chest
Baby Born with Heart Outside Chest Mohamed Ibrahim 3,510 Views • 2 years ago

A Texas baby, born with part of her heart outside her body ( Ectopia Cordis) , defies the odds and leaves hospital following a successful surgery.

Migraine Pathophysiology
Migraine Pathophysiology samer kareem 29,132 Views • 2 years ago

The core features of migraine are headache, which is usually throbbing and often unilateral, and associated features of nausea, sensitivity to light, sound, and exacerbation with head movement. Migraine has long been regarded as a vascular disorder because of the throbbing nature of the pain.

Doctor Reacts To Extreme Medical Conditions
Doctor Reacts To Extreme Medical Conditions Scott 64 Views • 2 years ago

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Serotonin Syndrome
Serotonin Syndrome samer kareem 3,365 Views • 2 years ago

Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include a classic triad of mental status changes (eg, anxiety, delirium, confusion, restlessness), autonomic dysregulation (eg, diaphoresis, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, diarrhea, mydriasis), and neuromuscular hyperactivity (eg, hyperreflexia, tremor, rigidity, myoclonus, ocular clonus). Serotonin syndrome is clinically diagnosed and laboratory tests are used to rule out other etiologies. It usually occurs due to inadvertent interactions between drugs, therapeutic use of multiple serotonergic agents, or serotonergic medication overdose. Treatment involves discontinuation of serotonergic drugs, supportive measures, and sedation with benzodiazepines. In severe cases, a serotonin antagonist (cyproheptadine) may be used.

Histology of Spinal Cord
Histology of Spinal Cord Histology 5,267 Views • 2 years ago

Histology of Spinal Cord

Ganglion Cyst Drainage
Ganglion Cyst Drainage Scott 12,517 Views • 2 years ago

Ganglion Cyst Drainage

Anaphylactic shock
Anaphylactic shock samer kareem 1,565 Views • 2 years ago

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as a peanut or the venom from a bee sting. The flood of chemicals released by your immune system during anaphylaxis can cause you to go into shock; your blood pressure drops suddenly and your airways narrow, blocking normal breathing. Signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis include a rapid, weak pulse, a skin rash, and nausea and vomiting. Common triggers of anaphylaxis include certain foods, some medications, insect venom and latex. Anaphylaxis requires an immediate trip to the emergency department and an injection of epinephrine. If anaphylaxis isn't treated right away, it can lead to unconsciousness or even death.

Ureteroscopic LASER stone treatment
Ureteroscopic LASER stone treatment samer kareem 4,983 Views • 2 years ago

As long as the ureter is large enough to allow the ureteroscope to pass, there is a good chance that the stone can be broken and removed with one surgery. Compared to SWL, a kidney or ureteral stone can be seen under direct vision by the ureteroscope, allowing lithotripsy with lasers followed by basketting and removal.

labyrinthitis
labyrinthitis samer kareem 12,691 Views • 2 years ago

Labyrinthitis is a mild, often self-limited condition characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, and a loss of balance. The disorder often follows a viral illness (eg, influenza). Labyrinthitis may also be caused by trauma, bacterial infection, allergies, benign tumors, and certain medications .

Syphilis Test procedure
Syphilis Test procedure Dave Sanders 5,800 Views • 2 years ago

How to use a Syphilis rapid test kit for self-diagnosis of Syphilis (fingerstick blood). Convenient, Easy to Use, and over 99% Accurate. Certified GMP and ISO13485. Test yourself at home with Complete Privacy. Buy online today at: http://www.stdrapidtest.com

True Story: Youngest Mother In History (5 years old)
True Story: Youngest Mother In History (5 years old) Mohamed Ibrahim 4,120 Views • 2 years ago

Real Story: Youngest Mother In History (5 years old) Pregnant FIVE YEAR OLD! Youngest Mother In The World, Lina Medina's True Story!

Procedure for Prolapse & Hemorrhoids
Procedure for Prolapse & Hemorrhoids samer kareem 2,731 Views • 2 years ago

A surgeon begins the PPH stapled hemorrhoidectomy by inserting a circular anal dilator and obturator into the anal canal and then securing the dilator in place with four sutures. The surgeon then inserts a PPH anoscope into the obturator. Next, he places a circumferential purse-string suture of 2-0 Monocryl on a UR-6 needle 4 cm proximal to the dentate line. The surgeon opens a PPH stapler and places its anvil across the purse string. The stapler is then closed and fired; it is held closed for two minutes to improve hemostasis. Prior to firing the stapler in a female patient, the surgeon places a gloved finger in the vagina to ensure the vaginal mucosa and rectal-vaginal septum are not trapped within the jaws of the closed stapler. The surgeon then opens and removes the stapler.

Cesarean Delivery
Cesarean Delivery samer kareem 4,872 Views • 2 years ago

A Cesarean section (C-section) is surgery to deliver a baby. The baby is taken out through the mother's abdomen. In the United States, almost one in three women has their babies this way. Some C-sections are planned, but many are done when unexpected problems happen during delivery. Reasons for a C-section may include

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