USMLE Step 2 CS - LOC This is just preview video. To get full access please visit our website : www.usmletutoring.com

Ridge splitting with bone expansion is a technique of manipulation of bone to form receptor site for implant without removing any bone from the implant site.

Knee Examination - Orthopaedic Knee OSCE - Medicine Explained - Clinical Skills - Dr Gill

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* error clarification

Varus or valgus deformity depends on the joint you are looking at

Valgus deformity is where the bone DISTAL to a joint is angled outward, ie way from the body's midline

Thus a VARUS deformity of the knee is colloquially “bow-legged”
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This Knee Exam Deep Dive looks at the details of the examination of a patient with knee issues, highlighting what is being checked for during special tests and examination findings

In this video, we demonstrate how to perform a clinical examination of the knee for your medical school Clinical Skills OSCE. As orthopaedic exams are core skills when it comes to examining patients, students should assume that a knee assessment is a high yield station for any clinical exams or clinical assessments.

For a passing grade in your Clinical Skills OSCE, in a knee exam follow the approach of:
- Look
- Feel
- Move

HOWEVER, a knee examination OSCE station does not just involve pressing around the joint, as this video also demonstrates some of the specialised examination techniques required in examining patients such as the anterior draw test, checking for sag sign, along with discussion about McMurray's test

Reduction in movement, pain and general concerns about knee issues is a common reason for patients to see a doctor, and in general, practice is probably one of the hardest joints to accurately diagnose a problem in

This video has two other knee demonstration videos associated with it:

https://youtu.be/oyKH4EYfJDM - Knee assessment Demo

https://youtu.be/5qJaf7gW-B0 - Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine - GALS screen

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Please note that there is no ABSOLUTE way to perform a clinical examination. Different institutions and even clinicians will have differing degrees of variations - the aim is the effectively identify medically relevant signs.

However during OSCE assessments. Different medical schools, nursing colleges and other health professional courses will have their own preferred approach to a clinical assessment - you should concentrate on THEIR marks schemes for your assessments.

The examination demonstrated here is derived from Macleods Clinical Examination - a recognised standard textbook for clinical skills.

Some people viewing this medical examination video may experience an ASMR effect

#clinicalskills #Knee #DrGill

Benex II Surgical Extraction System

This animation shows how a balloon is placed inside the stomach with out an operation for weightloss. This is done through an endoscope which goes through the mouth.

Histology of Gall Bladder

Below Knee Amputation

Insulin Pen

Current treatment is a combination of pegylated interferon-alpha-2a or pegylated interferon-alpha-2b (brand names Pegasys or PEG-Intron) and the antiviral drug ribavirin for a period of 24 or 48 weeks, depending on hepatitis C virus genotype. In a large multicenter randomized control study among genotype 2 or 3 infected patients (NORDymanIC),[35] patients achieving HCV RNA below 1000 IU/mL by day 7 who were treated for 12 weeks demonstrated similar cure rates as those treated for 24 weeks.[36][37]

Pegylated interferon-alpha-2a plus ribavirin may increase sustained virological response among patients with chronic hepatitis C as compared to pegylated interferon-alpha-2b plus ribavirin according to a systematic review of randomized controlled trials .[38] The relative benefit increase was 14.6%. For patients at similar risk to those in this study (41.0% had sustained virological response when not treated with pegylated interferon alpha 2a plus ribavirin), this leads to an absolute benefit increase of 6%. About 16.7 patients must be treated for one to benefit (number needed to treat = 16.7; click here [39] to adjust these results for patients at higher or lower risk of sustained virological response). However, this study's results may be biased due to uncertain temporality of association, selective dose response.

Treatment is generally recommended for patients with proven hepatitis C virus infection and persistently abnormal liver function tests.

Treatment during the acute infection phase has much higher success rates (greater than 90%) with a shorter duration of treatment; however, this must be balanced against the 15-40% chance of spontaneous clearance without treatment (see Acute Hepatitis C section above).

Those with low initial viral loads respond much better to treatment than those with higher viral loads (greater than 400,000 IU/mL). Current combination therapy is usually supervised by physicians in the fields of gastroenterology, hepatology or infectious disease.

The treatment may be physically demanding, particularly for those with a prior history of drug or alcohol abuse. It can qualify for temporary disability in some cases. A substantial proportion of patients will experience a panoply of side effects ranging from a 'flu-like' syndrome (the most common, experienced for a few days after the weekly injection of interferon) to severe adverse events including anemia, cardiovascular events and psychiatric problems such as suicide or suicidal ideation. The latter are exacerbated by the general physiological stress experienced by the patient.

This anatomical implant was originally placed in 1997. Due to the dark yellow color inside the implant it is clear the implant has been ruptured for quite some time. When implants rupture, it is important to have them replaced as soon as possible to avoid excessive scarring in the breasts. If too much scar tissue has accumulated around the deflated implant, it becomes difficult to create a normal breast shape in the future. Therefor its important to know the signs of a ruptured implant such as, painful to touch, visible asymmetry or loss of integrity to the bag. Dr. Stuart Linder 9675 Brighton Way Suite 420 Beverly Hills, CA 90210

This video clips shows a tubal ligation (sterilization) performed on a female using a fallopian ring applicator

Amniocentesis,before the actual procedure, a local anesthetic is sometimes given to relieve the pain when inserting the needle used to withdraw the fluid. A needle is usually inserted through the mother's abdominal wall or at the end of the vagina, and through the wall of the uterus into the amniotic sac. With assistance from ultrasound, a physician aims towards an area of the sac that is away from the fetus and extracts a small amount of amniotic fluid for testing. The puncture heals, and the amniotic sac replenishes the liquid over a day or so. After the amniotic fluid is extracted, the fetal cells are separated from it using a centrifuge, and the fetal chromosomes are examined for abnormalities. Various genetic testing may be performed, but the three most common abnormalities tested for are Down's syndrome, Trisomy 18 and spina bifida. Amniocentesis can be performed as soon as sufficient amniotic fluid surrounds the fetus to allow a sample to be recovered relatively safely, usually no earlier than the 14th week of pregnancy. Often, genetic counseling is offered in conjunction with amniocentesis.

Watch that video to know What is G Spot?

Inserting the Enlite Sensor with insulin pump

The anatomy and function of the heart

Peristalsis, involuntary movements of the longitudinal and circular muscles, primarily in the digestive tract but occasionally in other hollow tubes of the body, that occur in progressive wavelike contractions. Peristaltic waves occur in the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

This video: Polycythemia vera (pol-e-sigh-THEE-me-uh VEER-uh) is a slow-growing type of blood cancer in which your bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. Polycythemia vera may also result in production of too many of the other types of blood cells — white blood cells and platelets. These excess cells thicken your blood and cause complications, such as such as a risk of blood clots or bleeding. Polycythemia vera isn't common. It usually develops slowly, and you may have it for years without noticing signs or symptoms. Often, polycythemia vera is found during a blood test done for some other reason. Without treatment, polycythemia vera can be life-threatening. However, with proper medical care, many people experience few problems related to this disease. Over time, there's a risk of progressing to more-serious blood cancers, such as myelofibrosis or acute leukemia.

Left pleura rupture during laparoscopy

Scalpel Blade Handling

Laryngeal Mask Airway in Medical Emergencies