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What is gestational trophoblastic disease? Cancer starts when cells in the body begin to grow out of control. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other areas of the body. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer? Gestational trophoblastic (jeh-STAY-shuh-nul troh-fuh-BLAS-tik) disease (GTD) is a group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside a woman's uterus. GTD does not develop from cells of the uterus like cervical cancer or endometrial (uterine lining) cancer do. Instead, these tumors start in the cells that would normally develop into the placenta during pregnancy. (The term gestational refers to pregnancy.) GTD begins in the layer of cells called the trophoblast (troh-fuh-BLAST) that normally surrounds an embryo. (Tropho- means nutrition, and -blast means bud or early developmental cell.) Early in normal development, the cells of the trophoblast form tiny, finger-like projections known as villi. The villi grow into the lining of the uterus. In time, the trophoblast layer develops into the placenta, the organ that protects and nourishes the growing fetus.
Surgery is performed by Kami Parsa M.D. The patient is a 55 year old with a history of previous upper eyelid blepharoplasty with excessive skin removed from both upper eyelids which resulted in bilateral lagophthalmos. Patient could not close her eyes and had problems with severe dry eyes.
Ureteral stents are one of the most common devices used by urologists. They are placed with cystoscopic guidance in an operating room setting. Ureteral stents are used to relieve ureteral obstruction, promote ureteral healing following surgery, and to assist with ureteral identification during pelvic surgery. Ureteral stent placement is associated with some degree of morbidity in the majority of patients that ranges from generalized urinary discomfort to urinary tract infection or obstruction. Much of the morbidity is related to the biocompatibility of the materials used to fashion the stent and, to some extent, their design; unfortunately, the ideal stent has yet to be discovered.
Liver Metastasis Resection. A Technique That Makes It Easier. Authors: de Santibañes E, Sánchez Clariá R, Palavecino M, Beskow A, Pekolj J. Background: Liver resection is the only therapeutic option that achieves long-term survival for patients with hepatic metastases. We propose a tech...nique that causes traction and counter traction on the resection area, thus easily exposing the structures to be ligated. Since the parenchyma protrudes like a cork from a bottle we named this procedure “Corkscrew Technique”. Objective: To describe an original surgical technique to resect liver metastases. Technique: We delimite the resection area at 2 cm from the tumor. We place separated stitches, in a radiate way. The needle diameter must allow passing far from the deepest margin of the tumor. The stitches must be tractioned all together to separate the tumor from the normal parenchyma. Material and Methods: Between years 1983 and 2006, we perform 1270 liver resection. We used the corkscrew technique like only procedure in 612 patients whereas in 129 patients we associated it to an anatomic resection. Results: Mortality was 1%. Morbidity was 16% with a reoperation rate of 3%. Conclusions: The Corkscrew Technique is simple and safe, it spares surgical time, avoids blood loss, ensures free tumor margins and it is easy to perform.
This is the CT of a 43 year old male patiënt with infected necrotizing pancreatitis that will undergo a VARD procedure; Videoscopic Assisted Retroperitoneal Debridment. Two weeks before this procedure two large bore percutaneous drains were placed in the peripancreatic collection. The patient i...s placed in supine position with the left side 30 degrees elevated. A 5-7 cm subcostal incision is made in the left flank. With help of CT images and by following the percutaneous drain, the subcutaneous tissue and the fascia are dissected and we enter the retroperitoneal peripancreatic collection. First, with a regular suction device any pus encountered is removed. Two long sympathectomy hooks are inserted in order to keep in the incision open. We than insert the zero degree laparoscope. The first necrosis encountered is removed under direct sight with the use of long grasping forceps. Following the percutaneous drain deeper into the cavity, parts of loosely adherent necrotic material are removed. Gently pulling we remove the necrotic tissue. The suction device is helpful in removing any fluid obstructing the view. Complete necrosectomy is not the ultimate aim of this procedure. Only loosely adherent pieces of necrosis are removed thereby keeping the risk of tearing underlying blood vessels to a minimum. In the rare case of extensive bleeding, the retroperitoneal cavity can be easily packed, either awaiting the bleeding to definitely stop or to act as a bridge to angiographic coiling. This patient is now 6 weeks after onset of disease. We always try to postpone surgical intervention, if possible up to 30 days. On the left side of the collection is the percutaneous drain. In this patient the drain had worked well for 2 weeks. When the patient deteriorated again it was decided to perform the VARD procedure. Large pieces of necrotic pancreas can be removed with VARD. This is a big advantage ov VARD over pure endosopic or percutaneous techniques. When all the necrotic tissue is removed we clean the cavity. Two drains are left in situ as a postoperative lavage system. The VARD procedure is performed via a 6 cm incision, which is closed and continuous postoperative lavage started immediately.
Prompted by the hormone prolactin, the alveoli take proteins, sugars, and fat from your blood supply and make breast milk. A network of cells surrounding the alveoli squeeze the glands and push the milk out into the ductules, which lead to a bigger duct.
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MEDICAL ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT:
Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling (LOD)
A surgical treatment for women with PCOS
Women with PCOS usually have ovaries with a thick outer layer.
Ovarian drilling works by breaking through the thick outer surface and lowering the amount of testosterone made by the ovaries
A small incision is made in the abdomen.
Carbon dioxide gas is used to inflate the abdomen.
Very small holes are made in the ovaries.
Ovarian drilling can help restore ovulation and improve the chances of becoming pregnant.
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*TimeStamps*
0:00 Introduction
0:15 Procedure of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling (LOD)
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Let us watch this 3D video to understand what is Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling for PCOS, why it is done, how well it works, and what to expect.
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