A pacemaker is a small device that's placed in the chest or abdomen to help control abnormal heart rhythms. This device uses electrical pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate. Pacemakers are used to treat arrhythmias (ah-RITH-me-ahs). Arrhythmias are problems with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat.Feb 28, 2012

Mesenteric cyst is one of the rarest abdominal tumours, with approximately 820 cases reported since 1507. The incidence varies from 1 per 100,000 to 250,000 admissions. The lack of characteristic clinical features and radiological signs may present great diagnostic difficulties.

The birth control shot — also called the Depo shot or Depo Provera — is an effective way to prevent pregnancy. How does the birth control shot work? Find out in this video.

The robotic approach to renal surgery, particularly partial nephrectomy, has some inherent challenges, and some familiarity with the da Vinci robotic system is necessary. The surgeon must gain an understanding of the robotic arm movements and range of motion, especially in relation to the clutch and camera. The advent of robotically assisted prostatectomy in 2001 [23] paved the way for widespread accessibility to the da Vinci robotic unit and its application to renal surgery. Since that time, at least one multi-institutional survey has demonstrated superiority of the robotic approach when compared to laparoscopic for outcomes of blood loss, hospital stay and a substantially shorter warm ischemia time, while maintaining equivalence in positive margin rate, operative time and complications. [11] A transperitoneal approach is most commonly used. Prior abdominal operation is not necessarily a contraindication to this procedure, but access should be approached with regard for previous operation(s) by an experienced team.

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Larynx Anatomy and Physiology

The vast majority of glucocorticoid activity in most mammals is from cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone. Corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in rodents, is another glucocorticoid. Cortisol binds to the glucocorticoid receptor in the cytoplasm and the hormone-receptor complex is then translocated into the nucleus, where it binds to its DNA response element and modulates transcription from a battery of genes, leading to changes in the cell's phenotype. Only about 10% of circulating cortisol is free. The remaining majority circulates bound to plasma proteins, particularly corticosteroid-binding globulin (transcortin). This protein binding likely decreases the metabolic clearance rate of glucocorticoids and, because the bound steroid is not biologically active, tends to act as a buffer and blunt wild fluctuations in cortisol concentration.

University Hospitals Neurological Institute will host a live webcast to demonstrate the removal of a brain tumor that doctors believe is causing epileptic seizures in a middle-aged man.

An MRI showed what appears to be a glioma (tumor) near a part of the brain that controls muscle movement, called the motor strip. Studies have shown that complete removal can cure the seizures and improve quality of life and survival, but this is difficult to do with conventional technology without harming the surrounding normal brain because it's difficult to determine where tumor ends and normal brain begins.

Disc Disease Videos Watch Disc Disease Videos There are several symptoms that are fairly consistent for people with lower back pain or neck pain from degenerative disc disease, including: Pain that is usually related to activity and will flare up at times but then return to a low-grade pain level, or the pain will go away entirely The amount of chronic pain—referred to as the patient's baseline level of pain—is quite variable between individuals and can range from almost no pain/just a nagging level of irritation, to severe and disabling pain Severe episodes of back or neck pain that will generally last from a few days to a few months before returning to the individual's baseline level of chronic pain Chronic pain that is completely disabling from degenerative disc disease does happen in some cases, but is relatively rare See Treating Chronic Pain and Depression from Degenerative Disc Disease

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be an important tool in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI can also be used to monitor the progression of the disease in people living with MS. How does it work? MRI uses very strong magnets, radio signals, and computer software to take 3-dimensional pictures of the inside of the body. Will I need contrast material? Maybe. Contrast material is a substance that temporarily changes the way imaging tools interact with the body. They are often used to visualize certain types of MS disease activity on the MRI. If your doctor thinks your scan requires this contrast material, you may get an injection before you get in the MRI machine. How long will it take? The time may vary based on the type of MRI. Be sure to discuss with your doctor in advance so he or she can provide you with exact timing. But don’t worry, you won’t have to stay still the whole time. The technician will let you know when they’re starting a new image.

Dr. David Rivadeneira from Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, NY will host a panel discussion on how to obtain improved outcomes during open surgery through the application of advanced techniques and technologies, including the new LigaSure Impact™ instrument. "It provides excellent and reliable hemostasis on major blood vessels, but the big advancement is that it is faster than traditional techniques and leaves no foreign material behind."

The program will begin with a brief introduction of the topic, followed by video presentation of two procedures, a right hemicolectomy and a sigmoid colectomy. Dr. Rivadeneira will discuss the techniques that he uses. "You'll be able to see the impact of applying multifunctional energy-based instruments to enable rapid and reliable dissection of the mesentery and ligation of colonic blood supply. This is particularly evident on tough diverticular cases, where it works very well with complicated tissue." Joining Dr. Rivadeneira, to review and discuss the cases, will be Dr. Sang Lee from Weill Cornell Medical College, NY.

Bone healing can be divided into four stages: inflammation; soft callus formation; hard callus formation; remodeling.

How to use a Chlamydia rapid test kit for self-diagnosis of Chlamydia (swab test). Convenient, Easy to Use, and over 95% Accurate. Certified GMP and ISO13485. Test yourself at home with Complete Privacy. Buy online today at: http://www.stdrapidtest.com

This medical 3D animation exhibit shows the left brachial plexus during birth and shoulder dystocia. Anatomy: symphysis pubis, uterus, sacrum, coccyx and fetus. "McRoberts Position". An episiotomy is cut. Brachial Plexus stretch injury. Retraction of head (turtle sign). Suprapubic pressure, gentle traction. To view our medical library of exhibits,

Anemia is a condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. There are many types of anemia. Pernicious anemia is a decrease in red blood cells that occurs when the intestines cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.

This video is really sad. You can literally watch this man dying. He was shot in the chest and rushed to the emergency room. His heart has stopped beating or has arrested. As a last resort, surgeons did an extreme procedure called an open thoracotomy which is that crazy tool you see there that basically splits the ribs open and allows easy open access to the heart. They did this so they could give him a cardiac massage. A cardiac massage is when surgeons are manually trying to pump the heart after it has stopped working on its own (cardiac arrest). Unfortunately he lost so much blood from his gun shot wound and he was pronounced dead. There are cases of patients surviving after having this kind of invasive resuscitation but it is rare.

Vaccines are extremely safe. Adverse reactions are uncommon. The most common reaction is pain and swelling at the vaccine site, which is easily treated, and has no longterm problems. An allergic reaction to vaccines are rare. Dr. Michael Davis dispells this and other vaccine myths, including myths about autism and vaccines.

Autologous arteriovenous access is the key to long-term success with hemodialysis and is strongly supported by the National Kidney Foundation's Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines. Basilic vein transposition (BVT) fulfills the need for a durable conduit with high patency and maturation rates. This retrospective review examines a single group's experience with this procedure. All patients undergoing BVT for hemodialysis with available follow-up data were reviewed. Telephone interviews were used to supplement clinical data where needed. Functional assisted patency was used as the end point for this procedure, and if the access was never used for dialysis, then the patency was considered zero. Secondary interventions performed while the access remained patent and in use were not considered detrimental to the patency reported. One hundred seventy BVTs in 162 patients were performed between November 1992 and October 2001. There were 87 women (53.7%) and 112 black patients (69.1%); hypertension was present in 138 patients (85.2%) and diabetes in 89 patients (54.9%). Each year, an increasing incidence of BVT was performed in our dialysis population. The BVT was performed as the first access in that extremity in 73 of the procedures (42.9%). Functional patency (primary assisted) was achieved in 40.0% at 2 years and 15.2% at 5 years. The mean assisted patency was 14.6 months. To maintain BVT patency, 40 percutaneous secondary interventions (69.0%) and 18 surgical revisions (31.0%) occurred in 32 patients (19.0%). Ligation for swelling was necessary in 4 patients (2.5%), and steal syndrome occurred in 3 patients (1.9%). BVT is a useful autologous procedure for hemodialysis and the preferred access alternative in patients without an adequate cephalic vein. Although patencies remain poor relative to other conventional arterial vascular procedures, BVT is our most durable hemodialysis access procedure and is often the only available autologous conduit for hemodialysis.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a hand and arm condition that causes numbness, and other symptoms. Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by a pinched nerve in your wrist. A number of factors can contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome, including the anatomy of your wrist, certain underlying health problems and possibly patterns of hand use. Bound by bones and ligaments, the carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway located on the palm side of your wrist. This tunnel protects a main nerve to your hand and the nine tendons that bend your fingers. Compression of the nerve produces the numbness, tingling and, eventually, hand weakness that characterize carpal tunnel syndrome.