A modified radical mastectomy is a procedure in which the entire breast is removed, including the skin, areola, nipple, and most axillary lymph nodes; the pectoralis major muscle is spared. Historically, a modified radical mastectomy was the primary method of treatment of breast cancer. [1, 2] As the treatment of breast cancer evolved, breast conservation has become more widely used. [3, 4] However, mastectomy still remains a viable option for women with breast cancer. [5, 6]

Osteoporosis, which literally means porous bone, is a disease in which the density and quality of bone are reduced. As bones become more porous and fragile, the risk of fracture is greatly increased. The loss of bone occurs silently and progressively. Often there are no symptoms until the first fracture occurs.

Cushing Pattern Suture

INVIVO

Mohs Surgeon Dr. Leslie Christenson shows entire Mohs Surgery from start to finish. This is the full procedure and includes the entire surgery. Dr. Christenson talks about the procedure as she removes the skin cancer.

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Pelvic ureter. The ureter enters the pelvis, where it crosses anteriorly to the iliac vessels, which usually occurs at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery into the internal and external iliac arteries. Here, the ureters are within 5 cm of one another before they diverge laterally.

New York Plastic Surgery ,Dr. Robert Vitolo ,board certified plastic surgeon , brings you into the operating room for a glimpse at how his transumbilical breast augmentation procedure is performed. Dr. Vitolo, a pioneer in the 'no visible scar' breast enlargement surgery, has been using this technique since 1994. Dr. Vitolo use Allergan Natrelle saline breast implants and Mentor saline implants. Dr. Vitolo also performs a removal of silicone gel implants and replacement with saline implants using the transumbilical method.

benefits of bimanual laryngoscopy

A man set to become the world’s first head transplant patient has scheduled the procedure for December 2017. Valery Spiridonov, 30, was diagnosed with a genetic muscle-wasting condition called Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, and volunteered for the procedure despite the risks involved, Central European News (CEN) reported. “When I realized that I could participate in something really big and important, I had no doubt left in my mind and started to work in this direction,” Spiridonov, a Russian computer scientist, told CEN. “The only thing I feel is the sense of pleasant impatience, like I have been preparing for something important all my life and it is starting to happen.”

To avoid pupil constriction while accommodating, ask to the patient to fix on a distant object throughout your examination. Look for equal pupil sizes, and check again with the lights off. Anisocoria is not a feature of an afferent defect. They dilate again after the light is removed.

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This is a technique of correcting knock knee (genu valgum) deformity by surgery. Highligh of the technique is that the bone is not cut, but merely weakened. The advantage is that it provides accuracy to the surgeon, and rapid healing. Once corrected, the bone is held in place with a special plate (Tomofix), which permits walking with crutches the very next day.

This is an introduction into mole removal through excisional means (cutting it out) or using a laser to remove the mole

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a minimally invasive procedure to open up blocked coronary arteries, allowing blood to circulate unobstructed to the heart muscle.

The shoulder is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the scapula (shoulder blade), like a ball and socket. Other important bones in the shoulder include: The acromion is a bony projection off the scapula. The clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion in the acromioclavicular joint. The coracoid process is a hook-like bony projection from the scapula.

Laparotomy (opening and closing)

The journey of egg and sperm. There are a lot of casualties (deaths) among the sperm as they swim toward the egg. First, many get lost in the maze of a woman's uterus where they also have to contend with acidic vaginal secretions.

This animation describes tools and tests used to diagnose inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), determine IBD type, and predict its probable course and outcome.

The eyelid is injected with a local anesthetic, a clamp is put on the eyelid, then the eyelid is turned over, an incision is made on the inside of the eyelid, and the chalazion is drained and scraped out with a curette. A scar on the upper lid can cause discomfort as some patients feel the scar as they blink.