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Ophthalmoscopy - Eye Clinical Examination - OSCE - Dr Gill
Direct Ophthalmoscopy use of the eyes is a very challenging clinical skill, incorporating both the examiner's knowledge of the retina, but also understanding the use of the ophthalmoscope
In this clinical skills tutorial, we look at the use of the direct ophthalmoscope as part of an ophthalmic examination
it should be noted that in the ideal circumstances, the room lights will be dimmed during the examination, and dilating eye drops used to improve the visualisation of the fundus
Some people may notice an ASMR effect from this clinical examination
#DrGill #Ophthalmoscopy #ClinicalSkills #EyeExam
The heart and circulatory system (also called the cardiovascular system) make up the network that delivers blood to the body's tissues. With each heartbeat, blood is sent throughout our bodies, carrying oxygen and nutrients to all of our cells.
Originally broadcast November 21, 2014.
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The epididymis is a long coiled tube that lies above and behind each testicle. The epididymis collects and transports sperm from the testis to the vas deferens (tubes that transport sperm to the urethra). An epididymal cyst is a cyst-like mass in the epididymis that contains clear fluid. Typically, epididymal cysts and spermatoceles do not cause symptoms. When discovered, the epididymal cyst is usually about the size of a pea and feels separate from the top of the testis. Spermatoceles typically arise from the head of the epididymis, and are felt on the top portion of the testicle. Epididymal cysts and spermatoceles are often incidental findings on testicular self-examination or routine physical examination. It is important that any mass noted in the scrotum be examined by a urologist in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis, especially a mass on the testicle itself. Our team in the Division of Urology will typically be able to confirm the diagnosis on physical exam. However, a scrotal ultrasound may also be used in order to rule out other conditions.
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it. Specifically, the sounds reflect the turbulence created when the heart valves snap shut. In cardiac auscultation, an examiner may use a stethoscope to listen for these unique and distinct sounds that provide important auditory data regarding the condition of the heart. In healthy adults, there are two normal heart sounds often described as a lub and a dub (or dup), that occur in sequence with each heartbeat. These are the first heart sound (S1) and second heart sound (S2), produced by the closing of the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves, respectively. In addition to these normal sounds, a variety of other sounds may be present including heart murmurs, adventitious sounds, and gallop rhythms S3 and S4. Heart murmurs are generated by turbulent flow of blood, which may occur inside or outside the heart. Murmurs may be physiological (benign) or pathological (abnormal). Abnormal murmurs can be caused by stenosis restricting the opening of a heart valve, resulting in turbulence as blood flows through it. Abnormal murmurs may also occur with valvular insufficiency (regurgitation), which allows backflow of blood when the incompetent valve closes with only partial effectiveness. Different murmurs are audible in different parts of the cardiac cycle, depending on the cause of the murmur.
Elbow Exam - Orthopaedic OSCE - Clinical Skills - Dr Gill
The elbow examination is a core skill - in this video, we demonstrate how to perform an elbow EXAM for an Orthopaedic Clinical Skills OSCE, which should be one of the more accessible examination stations for medical students.
For a passing grade in your Clinical Skills OSCE, an elbow assessment should follow the LOOK, FEEL, MOVE approach
Initially looking for erythema, scars, swelling and position
Palpating the elbow - specifically the olecranon, medial and lateral epicondyles, and radial head for heat, oedema and crepitus
Finally assess range of movement with flexion and extension at the elbow, before determining for tennis and golfers' elbows
Watch further orthopaedic examinations for your OSCE revision:
The Elbow - Deep Dive
https://youtu.be/SX5buhtCVDw
The Spine Examination:
https://youtu.be/pJxMHa6SCgU
The Knee examination
https://youtu.be/oyKH4EYfJDM
The Hip examination
https://youtu.be/JC9GKq5nSdQ
The GALS examination
https://youtu.be/5qJaf7gW-B0 - Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine - GALS screen
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Please note that there is no ABSOLUTE way to perform a clinical examination. Different institutions and even clinicians will have differing degrees of variations - the aim is the effectively identify medically relevant signs.
However during OSCE assessments. Different medical schools, nursing colleges and other health professional courses will have their own preferred approach to a clinical assessment - you should concentrate on THEIR marks schemes for your assessments.
The examination demonstrated here is derived from Macleods Clinical Examination - a recognised standard textbook for clinical skills.
Some people viewing this medical examination video may experience an ASMR effect
#clinicalskills #Elbow #DrGill
Majority of patients these days prefer PCNL ( Minimal Invasive Telescopic removal of kidney stones broken with lithoclast, removed through a button hole incision ). This patient with a big stone in the pelvis of the kidney wanted it open only so I did an open pyelolithotomy for this patient after a long time as I use to do it in routine in the past. Except for the long incision and scar as compared to PCNL the recovery time was the same and patient went home third day happily walking and eating.
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This animation by Nucleus shows you the function of plant and animal cells for middle school and high school biology, including organelles like the nucleus, nucleolus, DNA (chromosomes), ribosomes, mitochondria, etc. Also included are ATP molecules, cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, microtubules, proteins, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell walls, cell membrane, cilia, flagellae, etc.
0:07 What is a cell?
0:35 What are the 2 categories of cells?
1:22 What is an Organelle? DNA, Chromatin, Chromosomes
2:06 Organelles: Ribosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum
2:59 Organelles: ER function, Vesicles, Golgi Body (Apparatus)
3:50 Organelles: Vacuole, Lysosome, Mitochondrion
4:45 Organelles: Cytoskeleton
5:04 Plant Cell Chloroplast, Cell Wall
5:43 Unique Cell Structures: Cilia
Watch another version of this video, narrated by biology teacher Joanne Jezequel here: https://youtu.be/cbiyKH9uPUw
#cell #nucleus #biology
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Watch other Nucleus Biology videos:
- Controlled Experiments: https://youtu.be/D3ZB2RTylR4
- Independent vs. Dependent Variables: https://youtu.be/nqj0rJEf3Ew
- Active Transport: https://youtu.be/ufCiGz75DAk
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Learn more about the company that created this video: http://www.nucleusmedicalmedia.com/
https://www.instagram.com/nucleusmedicalmedia
This animation won a Platinum Best of Show Aurora Award in 2016.