What Are Sleep Disorders? Circadian Rhythm Disorders Typically, people sleep at night -- thanks not only to the conventions of the 9-to-5 workday, but also to the close interaction between our natural sleep and alertness rhythms, which are driven by an internal "clock." This clock is a small part of the brain called the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. It sits just above the nerves leaving the back of our eyes. Light and exercise "reset" the clock and can move it forward or backward. Abnormalities related to this clock are called circadian rhythm disorders ("circa" means "about," and "dies" means "day"). Circadian rhythm disorders include jet lag, adjustments to shift work, delayed sleep phase syndrome (you fall asleep and wake up too late), and advanced sleep phase syndrome (you fall asleep and wake up too early).

In dark or dim light, the pupil dilates to allow more light into the eye to improve vision. Normal pupil size tends to range between 2.0 and 5.0 millimeters, depending on the lighting. The younger you are, the larger your pupils tend to be.

A video showing the circumcision of a male baby

Pulmonary edema is almost always treated in the emergency room or hospital. You may need to be in an intensive care unit (ICU). Oxygen is given through a face mask or tiny plastic tubes are placed in the nose. A breathing tube may be placed into the windpipe (trachea) so you can be connected to a breathing machine (ventilator) if you cannot breathe well on your own. The cause of edema should be identified and treated quickly. For example, if a heart attack has caused the condition, it must be treated right away. Medicines that may be used include: Diuretics that remove excess fluid from the body Medicines that strengthen the heart muscle, control the heartbeat, or relieve pressure on the heart

For patients in extremis from respiratory failure or shock, securing vascular access is crucial, along with establishing an airway and ensuring adequacy of breathing and ventilation. Peripheral intravenous catheter insertion is often difficult, if not impossible, in infants and young children with circulatory collapse. Intraosseous (IO) needle placement, shown in the images below, provides a route for administering fluid, blood, and medication. An IO line is as efficient as an intravenous route and can be inserted quickly, even in the most poorly perfused patients.

Fast Lower Back Pain & Sciatica Pain Relief – Beginners Yoga Stretches and Poses

Urinary Bladder Medical Exam

A video showing breast examination after breast implants

In breech position, the baby's bottom is down. There are a few types of breech: Complete breech means the baby is bottom-first, with knees bent. Frank breech means the baby's legs are stretched up, with feet near the head. Footling breech means one leg is lowered over the mother's cervix. You are more likely to have a breech baby if you: Go into early labor Have an abnormally shaped uterus, fibroids, or too much amniotic fluid Have more than one baby in your womb Have placenta previa (when the placenta is on the lower part of the uterine wall, blocking the cervix)

Giant spigelian stranguled hernia with small bowel loop and omental flap inside. The omentum required resection, the bowel appears vital. After the handle of hernia sac and his content has been done, a overlapped prolene repair will be done.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is bleeding in the space between your brain and the surrounding membrane (subarachnoid space). Bleeding usually results from the rupture of an abnormal bulge in a blood vessel in your brain (brain aneurysm). Sometimes an abnormal tangle of blood vessels in your brain (arteriovenous malformation), trauma or other events cause bleeding. A subarachnoid hemorrhage may lead to permanent brain damage or death if not treated.

How to use an IV pump..

Uterine rupture is usually when the scar from your previous caesarean section tears open. Though it's uncommon, you should be aware of this risk, particularly if you're thinking about giving birth vaginally next time. It's possible for your scar to gape slightly while you're pregnant (scar dehiscence).

Watch that Ingrown Hair Removal Close up 200X Video

Here's how female-to-male gender reassignment surgery works.

Watch that Poisoned Human Body Medical Dissect

A renal biopsy is a procedure used to extract kidney tissue for laboratory analysis. The word “renal” describes the kidneys. A renal biopsy is also called a kidney biopsy. The test helps your doctor identify the type of kidney disease you have, how severe it is, and the best treatment for it.

UCLA Hand Transplant Procedure

Majority of patients these days prefer PCNL ( Minimal Invasive Telescopic removal of kidney stones broken with lithoclast, removed through a button hole incision ). This patient with a big stone in the pelvis of the kidney wanted it open only so I did an open pyelolithotomy for this patient after a long time as I use to do it in routine in the past. Except for the long incision and scar as compared to PCNL the recovery time was the same and patient went home third day happily walking and eating.

Types of breast cancer. The different types of breast cancer carry with them different prognosis and different treatment options