A hemolytic transfusion reaction is a serious complication that can occur after a transfusion of blood. The red blood cells that were given in the transfusion are destroyed by the patient's immune system. There are other types of allergic transfusion reactions that do not cause hemolysis.

A blood transfusion is a routine medical procedure that can be lifesaving. During a blood transfusion, donated blood is added to your own blood. A blood transfusion may also be done to supplement various components of your blood with donated blood products. In some cases, a blood transfusion is done with blood that you've donated ahead of time before you undergo elective surgery. During a typical blood transfusion, certain parts of blood are delivered through an intravenous (IV) line that's placed in one of the veins in your arm. A blood transfusion usually takes one to four hours, though in an emergency it can be done much faster.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is an abnormal feeling of motion triggered by certain provocative positions. The condition is most often attributed to the presence of calcium debris within the posterior semicircular canal. Nystagmus is commonly seen

Animation of Scarless Varicose Vein Treatment No Knife Endovenous Laser

A cataract is a cloudiness of the normally transparent lens that is situated behind the iris. The lens focuses light rays on the retina at the back of the eye to produce a sharp image of what we see. When the lens becomes cloudy, the light rays cannot pass easily through it, and the image becomes blurry. It would be equivalent to having the lens in your camera becoming murky.

Two types of clinically distinct necrotizing fasciitis have been described. The most common form (type II) usually occurs in individuals with no concurrent medical illness. Many patients report a history of laceration, blunt trauma, or a surgical procedure as a predisposing factor. It is typically caused by group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes). In contrast, type I is usually seen in patients with underlying diabetes and peripheral vascular disease. It is generally a polymicrobial infection; some commonly isolated organisms include Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides tragi/is, Escherichia coli, group A Streptococcus, and Pre vote/fa species. Crepitus is more common if anaerobic organisms, such as Clostridium perfringens or 8 tragi/is, are involved.

Mitral Valve Prolapse and Mitral Regurgitation. Review of mitral valve anatomy and function, including papillary muscle structure and function, with severe mitral valve prolapse and mitral regurgitation due to a flail segment caused by ruptured papillary muscle and chorda tendinae attachment.

Bizarre Body Modifications

Aspergillosis is the name given to a wide variety of diseases caused by infection by fungi of the genus Aspergillus. The majority of cases occur in people with underlying illnesses such as tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but with otherwise healthy immune systems.

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a condition characterised by an exaggerated response of the immune system (a hypersensitivity response) to the fungus Aspergillus (most commonly Aspergillus fumigatus). It occurs most often in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis.

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (Alpha-1) is a genetic (inherited) condition – it is passed from parents to their children through their genes. Alpha-1 may result in serious lung disease in adults and/or liver disease at any age.

Bioprosthetic valves used in heart valve replacement generally offer functional properties that are more similar to those of native valves.

Bengmark Naso-Intestinal tube

Encopresis is a problem that children age four or older can develop due to chronic (long-term) constipation. With constipation, children have fewer bowel movements than normal, and the bowel movements they do have can be hard, dry, and difficult to pass. The child may avoid using the bathroom to avoid discomfort.

An antecedent upper respiratory infection is present in 50% of patients. Abdominal pain is a presenting symptom in 1 0-15% of patients. The skin lesions are symmetric, involve dependent parts of the body, and classically progress from an erythematous, macular rash to papular purpura. The joints and kidneys are also commonly involved

There is a strong association with obesity. In children younger than 10 years, it is associated with metabolic endocrine disorders {hypothyroidism, panhypopituitarism, hypogonadism, renal osteodystrophy, growth hormone abnormalities). SCFE is considered chronic if it has been present more than 3 weeks and acute if it has been present for 3 weeks or less. It is called "stable" if the patient can bear weight and "unstable" if the patient cannot ambulate. Unstable SCFE is associated with more complications, including avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN). SCFE is diagnosed by x-ray of the pelvis and bilateral hips. The underlying cause is a widened epiphyseal growth plate, due to abnormal cartilage maturation and endochondral ossification. The treatment is surgical, requiring immediate internal fixation with a single screw. Delay in treatment {> 24 hours) leads to increased AVN, SCFE progression from stable to unstable, and high risk of future degenerative arthritis. Prophylactic contralateral fixation of the unaffected hip is not routinely done in the U.S., except in patients with endocrine abnormalities.

-The management of diaper rash includes frequent changing of diapers, avoiding tight-fitting diapers, exposing the skin to air, using diapers with super absorbent surfaces, and applying barrier creams such as zinc oxide or petrolatum.

Pancake by a Cardiologist

This was a Nasogastric Intubation that went very wrong. The tube went up into the brain, causing severe damage, instead of going down through the throat.