Transposition of the great arteries is a serious but rare heart defect present at birth (congenital), in which the two main arteries leaving the heart are reversed (transposed). Transposition of the great arteries changes the way blood circulates through the body, leaving a shortage of oxygen in blood flowing from the heart to the rest of the body. Without an adequate supply of oxygen-rich blood, the body can't function properly and your child faces serious complications or death without treatment.

Anterior Release Test

Renal agenesis is a condition in which a newborn is missing one or both kidneys. Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) is the absence of one kidney. Bilateral renal agenesis (BRA) is the absence of both kidneys. Both types of renal agenesis occur in fewer than 1 percent of births annually, according to the March of Dimes. Fewer than 1 in every 1,000 newborns has URA. BRA is much rarer, occurring in about 1 in every 3,000 births.

Cartilage is a slippery tissue that provides a smooth surface for joint motion and acts as a cushion between the bones. Synovium is soft, and it lines the joints. It produces fluid, called synovial fluid, for lubrication, and it supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cartilage. As these functions break down, they no longer protect the bones of the knee joint, and bone damage occurs. OA of the knee can cause pain and stiffness. The symptoms worsen over time

Examination of Varicose Veins

Pediatric Neurological Examination Introduction

Hysterectomy done laparoscopically is a relative new approach to the classical hysterectomy procedure, the advantages are better anatomic views, less bleeding, less surgical time and less recovery time

A direct neck lift is an uncommon procedure in plastic surgery for the sagging neck. It is reserved for older patients who do not want a facelift or who do not want or can not go through a bigger facelift operation.

If you could stand in someone else's shoes...Hear what they hear See what they see Feel what they fell Would you treat them differently?

The male reproductive system includes the scrotum, testes, spermatic ducts, sex glands, and penis. These organs work together to produce sperm, the male gamete, and the other components of semen.

- elbow dislocations in children are a relatively uncommon; - peak incidence occurs in adolescence between 11-15 years. - posterior dislocations are most common type; - posterior dislocation usually results from fall on outstretched hand w/ forarm supinated & elbow extended or partially flexed; - coronoid process, which nl resists posterior displacement of ulna, is relatively small in children; - anterior capsule of elbow joint is torn by force of the impact transmitted upward thru the ulna and radius

There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens – A and B – on the surface of red blood cells: Group A – has only the A antigen on red cells (and B antibody in the plasma) Group B – has only the B antigen on red cells (and A antibody in the plasma) Group AB – has both A and B antigens on red cells (but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma) Group O – has neither A nor B antigens on red cells (but both A and B antibody are in the plasma)

What is an Aneurysm? A cerebral or intracranial aneurysm is an abnormal focal dilation of an artery in the brain that results from a weakening of the inner muscular layer (the intima) of a blood vessel wall. The vessel develops a "blister-like" dilation that can become thin and rupture without warning. The resultant bleeding into the space around the brain is called a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This kind of hemorrhage can lead to a stroke, coma, and/or death. Aneurysms are usually found at the base of the brain just inside the skull, in an area called the subarachnoid space. In fact, 90 percent of SAHs are attributed to ruptured cerebral aneurysms and the two terms are often used synonymously.

Watch out which infections could affect your baby or tend to be worse for you during pregnancy period and how to reduce your risk of getting them.

PIP breast implants exchanged with Nagor 4th generation silicone implants by plastic surgeon Adrian Richards at Aurora clinics in Milton Keynes. During PIP removal procedure, the implants appear in good shape, but as with majority of PIP implants, evidence of silicone gel bleed is found inside the patient's breast pocket, as well as free silicone which caused pain and discomfort to this patient.

Why is this medication prescribed? Amiodarone is used to treat and prevent certain types of serious, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias (a certain type of abnormal heart rhythm when other medications did not help or could not be tolerated. Amiodarone is in a class of medications called antiarrhythmics. It works by relaxing overactive heart muscles. How should this medicine be used? Amiodarone comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once or twice a day. You may take amiodarone either with or without food, but be sure to take it the same way each time.Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take amiodarone exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.

During open-heart valve surgery, the doctor makes a large incision in the chest. Blood is circulated outside of the body through a machine to add oxygen to it (cardiopulmonary bypass or heart-lung machine). The heart may be cooled to slow or stop the heartbeat so that the heart is protected from damage while surgery is done to replace the valve with an artificial valve. The artificial valve might be mechanical (made of man-made substances). Others are made out of animal tissue, often from a pig.

Bartter syndrome, originally described by Bartter and colleagues in 1962, [1] represents a set of closely related, autosomal recessive renal tubular disorders characterized by hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, and hyperreninemia with normal blood pressure. The underlying renal abnormality results in excessive urinary losses of sodium, chloride, and potassium.