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Cortisol and Glucocorticoids
Cortisol and Glucocorticoids samer kareem 3,670 Views • 3 years ago

The vast majority of glucocorticoid activity in most mammals is from cortisol, also known as hydrocortisone. Corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in rodents, is another glucocorticoid. Cortisol binds to the glucocorticoid receptor in the cytoplasm and the hormone-receptor complex is then translocated into the nucleus, where it binds to its DNA response element and modulates transcription from a battery of genes, leading to changes in the cell's phenotype. Only about 10% of circulating cortisol is free. The remaining majority circulates bound to plasma proteins, particularly corticosteroid-binding globulin (transcortin). This protein binding likely decreases the metabolic clearance rate of glucocorticoids and, because the bound steroid is not biologically active, tends to act as a buffer and blunt wild fluctuations in cortisol concentration.

Lumbar Epidural Abscess
Lumbar Epidural Abscess samer kareem 11,001 Views • 3 years ago

An epidural abscess is a collection of pus (infected material) between the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord and the bones of the skull or spine. The abscess causes swelling in the area. Spinal cord abscess (SCA) is a rare condition capable of causing permanent damage to the spinal cord. Abscesses are caused when injured tissue becomes infected. The body's immune system sends white blood cells to help fight off the infection. They begin to fill the damaged tissue, causing pus to build up.

Nasogastric Intubation Into Brain
Nasogastric Intubation Into Brain samer kareem 10,769 Views • 3 years ago

This was a Nasogastric Intubation that went very wrong. The tube went up into the brain, causing severe damage, instead of going down through the throat.

Infectious Mononucleosis
Infectious Mononucleosis samer kareem 1,583 Views • 3 years ago

This patient has infectious mononucleosis (IM), a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. IM is a systemic viral infection that is usually seen in children and adolescents. The common presentation is fever with pharyngitis or tonsillitis, cervical adenopathy, splenomegaly, and mild hepatitis.

Neurofibromatosis 2
Neurofibromatosis 2 samer kareem 3,614 Views • 3 years ago

-Hypopigmented spots, in combination with a family history of bilateral deafness, strongly suggest neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2), an autosomal-dominant disorder. The spots described actually represent cafe-au-lait spots that are usually hypopigmented (unlike the hyperpigmented cafe-au-lait spots found in NF-1 ). Deafness is caused by bilateral acoustic neuromas, a characteristic neurologic manifestation of the syndrome.

Thumb Tip Regeneratio!
Thumb Tip Regeneratio! samer kareem 19,706 Views • 3 years ago

Thumb Tip Regeneration! IV3000 Wound Dressing for Thumb / Finger Trauma

Breast Implants Exchange Surgery
Breast Implants Exchange Surgery samer kareem 7,439 Views • 3 years ago

PIP breast implants exchanged with Nagor 4th generation silicone implants by plastic surgeon Adrian Richards at Aurora clinics in Milton Keynes. During PIP removal procedure, the implants appear in good shape, but as with majority of PIP implants, evidence of silicone gel bleed is found inside the patient's breast pocket, as well as free silicone which caused pain and discomfort to this patient.

Classification of Epileptic Seizures
Classification of Epileptic Seizures samer kareem 12,162 Views • 3 years ago

A brief demonstration of the different types of epileptic seizures based on the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures.

Goals of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management
Goals of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management samer kareem 2,841 Views • 3 years ago

This animation describes the goals of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management and how patients can take an active role in managing their disease.

knife and spoon removed from stomach
knife and spoon removed from stomach samer kareem 3,402 Views • 3 years ago

knife spoon and toothbrush removed from stomach

Suprapatellar Tibial Nailing for Segmental Tibia Fracture
Suprapatellar Tibial Nailing for Segmental Tibia Fracture samer kareem 3,851 Views • 3 years ago

This video shows the technique of suprapatellar tibial nailing as used for a segmental tibia fracture. The broken leg was treated with the nail to allow immediate mobility and range of motion; no cast was needed for this injury.

Down’s Syndrome Twins Are One In A Million
Down’s Syndrome Twins Are One In A Million samer kareem 1,284 Views • 3 years ago

Down’s Syndrome Twins Are One In A Million

First Aid - Electric Shock
First Aid - Electric Shock samer kareem 2,298 Views • 3 years ago

Very small currents can be imperceptible. Larger current passing through the body may make it impossible for a shock victim to let go of an energized object. Still larger currents can cause fibrillation of the heart and damage to tissues. Death caused by an electric shock is called electrocution.

Bartter syndrome
Bartter syndrome samer kareem 6,782 Views • 3 years ago

Bartter syndrome, originally described by Bartter and colleagues in 1962, [1] represents a set of closely related, autosomal recessive renal tubular disorders characterized by hypokalemia, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, and hyperreninemia with normal blood pressure. The underlying renal abnormality results in excessive urinary losses of sodium, chloride, and potassium.

Fatty Liver Treatment
Fatty Liver Treatment samer kareem 1,620 Views • 3 years ago

explains about fatty liver symptoms and fatty liver treatment. watch to learn more

Medulloblastoma Brain Tumor Surgery
Medulloblastoma Brain Tumor Surgery samer kareem 2,623 Views • 3 years ago

Medulloblastoma is a fast-growing, high-grade tumor. It is the most common of the embryonal tumors—tumors that arise from “emybryonal” or “immature” cells at the earliest stage of their development. The most common symptoms of medulloblastoma include behavioral changes, changes in appetite, symptoms of increased pressure on the brain (eg, headache, nausea, vomiting, and drowsiness, as well as problems with coordination). Unusual eye movements may also occur. Like many tumor types, the exact cause of medulloblastoma is not known. However, scientists are making significant strides in understanding its biology. Changes have been identified in genes and chromosomes (the cell’s DNA blueprints) that may play a role in the development of this tumor. There are also a few rare, genetic health syndromes that are associated with increased risk for developing this tumor.

Sarcoidosis Features
Sarcoidosis Features samer kareem 998 Views • 3 years ago

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that affects multiple organs in the body, but mostly the lungs and lymph glands. In people with sarcoidosis, abnormal masses or nodules (called granulomas) consisting of inflamed tissues form in certain organs of the body. These granulomas may alter the normal structure and possibly the function of the affected organ(s).

Respiratory Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
Respiratory Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention samer kareem 1,531 Views • 3 years ago

These air sacs make up most of the lung tissue. Lung diseases affecting the alveoli include: Pneumonia: An infection of the alveoli, usually by bacteria. Tuberculosis: A slowly progressive pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chronic respiratory diseases are chronic diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung. Some of the most common are: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, occupational lung diseases and pulmonary hypertension.

Gastroschisis??
Gastroschisis?? samer kareem 7,618 Views • 3 years ago

Gastroschisis is a birth defect of the abdominal (belly) wall. The baby’s intestines stick outside of the baby’s body, through a hole beside the belly button. The hole can be small or large and sometimes other organs, such as the stomach and liver, can also stick outside of the baby’s body. Gastroschisis occurs early during pregnancy when the muscles that make up the baby’s abdominal wall do not form correctly. A hole occurs which allows the intestines and other organs to extend outside of the body, usually to the right side of belly button. Because the intestines are not covered in a protective sac and are exposed to the amniotic fluid, the bowel can become irritated, causing it to shorten, twist, or swell.

Management of COPD
Management of COPD samer kareem 2,017 Views • 3 years ago

The goal of COPD management is to improve a patient’s functional status and quality of life by preserving optimal lung function, improving symptoms, and preventing the recurrence of exacerbations. Currently, no treatments aside from lung transplantation have been shown to significantly improve lung function or decrease mortality; however, oxygen therapy (when appropriate) and smoking cessation may reduce mortality. Once the diagnosis of COPD is established, it is important to educate the patient about the disease and to encourage his or her active participation in therapy.

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