An arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between an artery and a vein. It may be congenital, surgically created for hemodialysis treatments, or acquired due to pathologic process, such as trauma or erosion of an arterial aneurysm.

The heart and circulatory system (also called the cardiovascular system) make up the network that delivers blood to the body's tissues. With each heartbeat, blood is sent throughout our bodies, carrying oxygen and nutrients to all of our cells.

This is a technique of correcting knock knee (genu valgum) deformity by surgery. Highligh of the technique is that the bone is not cut, but merely weakened. The advantage is that it provides accuracy to the surgeon, and rapid healing. Once corrected, the bone is held in place with a special plate (Tomofix), which permits walking with crutches the very next day.

This video will cover, in detail, the motor, sensory, reflect components of a neurological examination.

This video is created for the UBC Medicine Neurology Clinical Skills curriculum as part of MEDD 419 FLEX projects.

Filmed, written, and directed by:
John Liu
Vincent Soh
Chris Calvin
Kashi (Siyoung) Lee
Kero (Yue) Yuen
Ge Shi

Doctor - Dr. Jason Valerio (Department of Neurology, UBC)

Supervised by:
Dr. Alex Henri-Bhargava (Department of Neurology, UBC)
Zac Rothman (UBC FOM Digital Solutions: Ed Tech)

Edited by:
Stephen Gillis

Produced by UBC FOM Digital Solutions EdTech team facilitates innovation by UBC Medicine learners and faculty.

Website: https://education.med.ubc.ca/
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/ubcmed....vid?sub_confirmation
UBCMLN Podcast Network: https://tinyurl.com/ubcmedicinelearningnetwork
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The Southern Medical Program and the Okanagan Academic Campus of the University of British Columbia are situated on the territory of the Syilx Okanagan Nation.

The Northern Medical Program and the University of Northern BC are situated on the traditional territory of the Lheidli T’enneh, part of the Dakelh (Carrier) First Nations.

With respect the Lekwungen peoples on whose traditional territory the Island Medical Program and the University of Victoria stand and the Songhees, Esquimalt and WSÁNEĆ peoples whose historical relationships with the land continue to this day.

We acknowledge our traditional hosts and honour their welcome and graciousness to the students who seek knowledge here.

© UBC Faculty of Medicine

All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution of this presentation without written permission from UBC Faculty of Medicine is strictly prohibited.

Does Knee Replacement Surgery Meet Patient Expectations? In this video, I discuss knee replacement surgery or total knee arthroplasty expectations. A recent study reported that 1 in 4 patients who underwent knee replacement did not have their expectations met. The video reviews the differences in outcomes and satisfaction levels between satisfied and unsatisfied patients and identifies the key expectations that must be met for patients to be satisfied after knee replacement.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36740633/

► Things my patients have found helpful:
Please note that I get a lot of requests and questions about what equipment is ‘best’ for treating a variety of conditions. The following is not meant to be an exhaustive or definitive list. Please use it as a starting point. If you have questions, please discuss with your healthcare provider. With that said, I have tried a number of the products below, but not all. I have included some based on positive feedback from many of my patients. As an Amazon Associate, Dr Peng earns from qualifying purchases. If you purchase any product using the below affiliate links, you are helping Dr Peng maintain this channel.

*Soft Tissue & Rehab*
Theragun: https://amzn.to/4363zJG
Massage ball: https://amzn.to/40BUC9f
Foam roller: https://amzn.to/4324E5c
Stretching strap: https://amzn.to/3U9a2iQ
TENS unit: https://amzn.to/3mcCqnI
Heating pad: https://amzn.to/40VidSc
Resistance bands: https://amzn.to/3nFyb4C

*Braces & Supports*
Hinged knee brace: https://amzn.to/3U6oyrH
Neoprene knee sleeve: https://amzn.to/3Zzhsgt
Volar wrist brace: https://amzn.to/3KawW55
Thumb spica brace: https://amzn.to/3nHj9vl
Ankle lace up brace: https://amzn.to/3m6iR0u
Tennis/Golfer’s elbow brace: https://amzn.to/3ZEGgE1
Superfeet orthotic inserts: https://amzn.to/436tRf5

*Recommended Textbooks & Resources*
The Trigger Point Manual: https://amzn.to/4340cTt
Trigger Point Wall Charts: https://amzn.to/3zrinVR

► Be Active. Live Healthy. Subscribe for more free videos like this: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCL5eiGK1f0A-DecaB

► ABOUT ME

Jeffrey Peng MD is a nonoperative orthopedist and sports medicine specialist. He created a YouTube channel and blog to translate cutting edge medical knowledge and clinical research to benefit all those looking to live an active and healthy lifestyle. He focuses on maximizing non-surgical treatments for sports injuries and orthopedic conditions. He specializes in using orthobiologics and ultrasound guided minimally invasive techniques to treat osteoarthritis, tendinopathies, and musculoskeletal disorders.

Dr. Peng is board certified in sports medicine and family medicine. He completed residency with the Stanford family medicine residency program and completed his sports medicine training with the Stanford primary care sports medicine fellowship in San Jose. He is an active faculty member for both programs and is excited about training the next generation of physicians.

Dr. Peng’s sports medicine clinic is located in Campbell, California.
Twitter: @JeffreyPengMD; https://twitter.com/JeffreyPengMD
Website: https://www.jeffreypengmd.com/

► Disclaimer

My content reflects my own opinion and does not represent the views or opinions of my employers or hospital systems I am affiliated with. They are meant for educational purposes only. They do not substitute for the medical advice of a physician. Always seek the advice of your physician with any questions you may have regarding your health.

Many children receive MRIs at the hospital, and it can often be a scary experience if they are unprepared or don't know what to expect.

Stapling is used to treat prolapsed hemorrhoids. A surgical staple fixes the prolapsed hemorrhoid back into place inside your rectum and cuts off the blood supply so that the tissue will shrink and be reabsorbed. Stapling recovery takes less time and is less painful than recovery from a hemorrhoidectomy.

First aid for a choking conscious adult

Watch that video to know if it is safe to have sex during period

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery CABG Heart

Atrial fibrillation vs Atrial Flutter

Sickle cell anemia causes pain, fatigue and delayed growth, all because of a lack of enough healthy red blood cells. And yet genetic mutations that cause it — recessive genes for the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin protein — have survived natural selection because they also seem to provide a natural defense against malaria.

The eustachian tube drains fluid from your ears to the back of your throat. If it clogs, otitis media with effusion (OME) can occur. If you have OME, the middle part of your ear fills with fluid, which can increase the risk of ear infection. OME is very common. According to the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality, about 90 percent of children will have OME at least once by the age of 10.

Key facts

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease.
The virus is transmitted through contact with the blood or other body fluids of an infected person - not through casual contact.
About 2 billion people worldwide have been infected with the virus and about 350 million live with chronic infection. An estimated 600 000 persons die each year due to the acute or chronic consequences of hepatitis B.
About 25% of adults who become chronically infected during childhood later die from liver cancer or cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) caused by the chronic infection.
The hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infectious than HIV.
Hepatitis B virus is an important occupational hazard for health workers.
Hepatitis B is preventable with a safe and effective vaccine.

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Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is a major global health problem and the most serious type of viral hepatitis. It can cause chronic liver disease and puts people at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer.

Worldwide, an estimated two billion people have been infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and more than 350 million have chronic (long-term) liver infections.

A vaccine against hepatitis B has been available since 1982. Hepatitis B vaccine is 95% effective in preventing HBV infection and its chronic consequences, and is the first vaccine against a major human cancer.

The exam should be performed in an orderly fashion as follows: 1. Have the patient stick out their tongue so that you can examine the posterior pharynx (i.e. the back of the throat). Ask the patient to say "Ah", which elevates the soft palate, giving you a better view. If you are still unable to see, place the tongue blade � way back on the tongue and press down while the patient again says "Ah," hopefully improving your view. This causes some people to gag, particularly when the blade is pushed onto the more proximal aspects of the tongue. It may occasionally be important to determine whether the gag reflex is functional (e.g. after a stroke that impairs CNs 9 or 10; or to determine if a patient with depressed level of consciousness is able to protect their airway from aspiration). This is done by touching a q-tip against the posterior pharynx, uvula or tongue. It is not necessary to do this during your routine exam as it can be quite noxious!
2. Note that the uvula hangs down from the roof of the mouth, directly in the mid-line. With an "Ah," the uvula rises up. Deviation to one side may be caused by CN 9 palsy (the uvula deviates away from the affected side), a tumor or an infection. CN9 Pasly Cranial Nerve 9 Dysfunction: Patient has suffered stroke, causing loss of function of left CN 9. As a result, uvula is pulled towards the normally functioning (ie right) side. 3. The normal pharynx has a dull red color. In the setting of infection, it can become quite red, frequently covered with a yellow or white exudate (e.g. with Strep. Throat or other types of pharyngitis).
4. The tonsils lie in an alcove created by arches on either side of the mouth. The apex of these arches are located lateral to and on a line with the uvula. Normal tonsils range from barely apparent to quite prominent. When infected, they become red, are frequently covered by whitish/yellow discharge. In the setting of a peritonsilar abscess, the tonsils appear asymmetric and the uvula may be pushed away from the affected side. When this occurs, the tonsil may actually compromise the size of the oral cavity, making breathing quite difficult.
5. Look carefully along the upper and lower gum lines and at the mucosa in general, which can appear quite dry if the patient is dehydrated.
6. Examine the teeth to get a sense of general dentition, particularly if the patient has a dental complaint. Pain produced by tapping on a tooth is commonly caused by a root abscess. Tooth Abscess: Tooth abscess involving left molar region. Associated inflammation of left face can clearly be seen. 7. Have the patient stick their tongue outside their mouth, which allows evaluation of CN 12. If there is nerve impairment, the tongue will deviate towards the affected side. Any obvious growths or abnormalities? Ask them to flip their tongue up so that you can look at the underside. If you see something abnormal, grasp the tongue with gauze so that you can get a better look. Left CN 12 Dysfunction: Stroke has resulted in L CN 12 Palsy. Tongue therefore deviates to the left.
8. Make note of any growths along the cheeks, hard palate (the roof of the mouth between the teeth), soft palate, or anywhere else. In particular, patients who smoke or chew tobacco are at risk for oral squamous cell cancer. Any areas which are painful or appear abnormal should also be palpated. Put on a pair of gloves to better explore these regions. What do they feel like? Are they hard? To what extent does a growth involve deeper structures? If the patient feels something that you cannot see, try to get someone else to hold the light source, freeing both your hands to explore the oral cavity with two tongue depressors.

5th Avenue Millennium Aesthetic Surgery Patient (http://5thavesurgery.com) speaks about her CoolSculpting by Zeltiq NYC procedure.

Neurosyphilis is an infection of the brain or spinal cord caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. It usually occurs in people who have had chronic, untreated syphilis, usually about 10 to 20 years after first infection and develops in about 25%–40% of persons who are not treated. The United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises that neurosyphilis can occur at any stage of a syphilis infection.

The human heart has four main valves—two on the left and two on the right. The aortic valve is one of the main valves on the left side of the heart. It is the outflow valve for the left ventricle, which means that it is the valve between the heart and the body. The aortic valve opens when the left ventricle squeezes to pump out blood, and closes in between heart beats to keep blood from going backward into the heart.