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A Bone scan or bone scintigraphy is a nuclear scanning test to find certain abnormalities in bone which are triggering the bone's attempts to heal. It is primarily used to help diagnose a number of conditions relating to bones, including: cancer of the bone or cancers that have spread (metastasized) to the bone, locating some sources of bone inflammation (e.g. bone pain such as lower back pain due to a fracture), the diagnosis of fractures that may not be visible in traditional X-ray images, and the detection of damage to bones due to certain infections and other problems.
Nuclear medicine bone scans are one of a number of methods of bone imaging, all of which are used to visually detect bone abnormalities. Such imaging studies include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), X-ray computed tomography (CT) and in the case of 'bone scans' nuclear medicine. However, a nuclear bone scan is a functional test, which means it measures an aspect of bone metabolism, which most other imaging techniques cannot. The nuclear bone scan competes with the FDG-PET scan in seeing abnormal metabolism in bones, but it is considerably less expensive.
Nuclear bone scans are not to be confused with the completely different test often termed a "bone density scan," DEXA or DXA, which is a low exposure X-ray test measuring bone density to look for osteoporosis and other diseases where bones lose mass, without any bone re-building activity. The nuclear medicine scan technique is sensitive to areas of unusual bone re-building activity because the radiopharmaceutical is taken up by osteoblast cells which build bone. The technique therefore is sensitive to fractures and bone reaction to infections and bone tumors, including tumor metastases to bones, because all these pathologies trigger bone osteoblast activity. The bone scan is not sensitive to osteoporosis or multiple myeloma in bones, and therefore other techniques must be used to assess bone abnormalities from these diseases.
Tampa body sculpting is the specialty of Dr. Thomas Su of the Artistic Lipo Sculpting Center. Dr. Su’s dedication to body contouring has allowed him to finely hone his craft over the years, making him the most trusted Tampa lipo surgeon. To learn more about Tampa fat removal procedures, visit http://www.artlipo.com/liposuction/liposuction-body-areas/lipo-abdomen.html.
Cystic fibrosis is a disease passed down through families that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body. It is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children and young adults. It is a life-threatening disorder.
Immunomodulating effect of autohaemotherapy (a literature review). PMID 3534085 [PubMed indexed for MEDLINE]
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1986;30(3):331-6.
Immunomodulating effect of autohaemotherapy (a literature review).
Klemparskaya NN, Shalnova GA, Ulanova AM, Kuzmina TD, Chuhrov AD.
Abstract
An analysis is presented of experimental and clinical data from different authors on the stimulating effect of autohaemotherapy with regard to the immunological reactivity of humans and animals as well as in vitro experiments with lymphocytes. Erythrolysate has been found to exert a more powerful effect than intact erythrocytes. The stimulating effect of autohaemotherapy on both irradiated and non-irradiated animals manifests itself in an increase in resistance to infection (increased LD50 in experimental infection), enhanced production of antibodies to microbial and tissue antigens and activated functioning of cell-mediated immune defence mechanisms. The favourable influences on radioresistance and the antitumour effect of authohaemotherapy are described. Induced desensitization plays an important part in the mechanism of action of autohaemotherapy. The administration of large doses of erythrocytes or of erythrolysate results in immunosuppression. Autohaemotherapy does not cause side effects and is feasible both on an in-and out-patient basis.
PMID: 3534085
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3534085
Autohemotherapy: an immunization with our own blood
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http://autohemoterapia.fortunecity.com/
http://www.geocities.ws/autohemoterapiabr/aht_english.htm
http://autohemoterapia.fortunecity.com/aht_english.htm
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Auto-hemotherapy PDF files in GOOGLE sites:
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