So you want to be a cardiothoracic surgeon. You like the idea of open heart surgery and the glory that comes with being a CT surgeon. Let’s debunk the public perception myths of what it means to be a cardiothoracic surgeon, and give it to you straight. This is the reality of cardiothoracic surgery.

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TIME STAMPS:
00:41 - What is Cardiothoracic Surgery?
04:08 - How to Become a Cardiothoracic Surgeon
06:29 - Subspecialties within Cardiothoracic Surgery
07:49 - What You’ll Love About Cardiothoracic Surgery
09:10 - What You Won’t Love About Cardiothoracic Surgery
10:04 - Should You Become a Cardiothoracic Surgeon?

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#medicalschool #cardiothoracicsurgery #soyouwanttobe
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Disclaimer: Content of this video is my opinion and does not constitute medical advice. The content and associated links provide general information for general educational purposes only. Use of this information is strictly at your own risk. Kevin Jubbal, M.D. and Med School Insiders LLC will not assume any liability for direct or indirect losses or damages that may result from the use of information contained in this video including but not limited to economic loss, injury, illness or death. May include affiliate links to Amazon. As an Amazon Associate, I may earn a commission on qualifying purchases made through them (at no extra cost to you).

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What is Esophageal Dilation?
Esophageal dilation is a procedure that allows your doctor to dilate, or stretch, a narrowed area of your esophagus [swallowing tube]. Doctors can use various techniques for this procedure. Your doctor might perform the procedure as part of a sedated endoscopy. Alternatively, your doctor might apply a local anesthetic spray to the back of your throat and then pass a weighted dilator through your mouth and into your esophagus.
Why is it Done?
The most common cause of narrowing of the esophagus, or stricture, is scarring of the esophagus from reflux of acid occurring in patients with heartburn. Patients with a narrowed portion of the esophagus often have trouble swallowing; food feels like it is "stuck" in the chest region, causing discomfort or pain. Less common causes of esophageal narrowing are webs or rings (which are thin layers of excess tissue), cancer of the esophagus, scarring after radiation treatment or a disorder of the way the esophagus moves [motility disorder].
How Should I Prepare for the Procedure?
An empty stomach allows for the best and safest examination, so you should have nothing to drink, including water, for at least six hours before the examination. Your doctor will tell you when to start fasting.
Tell your doctor in advance about any medications you take, particularly aspirin products or anticoagulants (blood thinners). Most medications can be continued as usual, but you might need to adjust your usual dose before the examination. Your doctor will give you specific guidance. Tell your doctor if you have any allergies to medications as well as medical conditions such as heart or lung disease. Also, tell your doctor if you require antibiotics prior to dental procedures, because you might need antibiotics prior to esophageal dilation as well.
What Can I Expect during Esophageal Dilation?
Your doctor might perform esophageal dilation with sedation along with an upper endoscopy. Your doctor may spray your throat with a local anesthetic spray, and then give you sedatives to help you relax. Your doctor then will pass the endoscope through your mouth and into the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. The endoscope does not interfere with your breathing. At this point your doctor will determine whether to use a dilating balloon or plastic dilators over a guiding wire to stretch your esophagus. You might experience mild pressure in the back of your throat or in your chest during the procedure. Alternatively, your doctor might start by spraying your throat with a local anesthetic. Your doctor will then pass a tapered dilating instrument through your mouth and guide it into the esophagus.
What Can I Expect after Esophageal Dilation?
After the dilation is done, you will probably be observed for a short period of time and then allowed to return to your normal activities. You may resume drinking when the anesthetic no longer causes numbness to your throat, unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Most patients experience no symptoms after this procedure and can resume eating the next day, but you might experience a mild sore throat for the remainder of the day.
If you received sedatives, you probably will be monitored in a recovery area until you are ready to leave. You will not be allowed to drive after the procedure even though you might not feel tired. You should arrange for someone to accompany you home, because the sedatives might affect your judgment and reflexes for the rest of the day.
What are the Potential Complications of Esophageal Dilation?
Although complications can occur even when the procedure is performed correctly, they are rare when performed by doctors who are specially trained. A perforation, or hole, of the esophagus lining occurs in a small percentage of cases and may require surgery. A tear of the esophagus lining may occur and bleeding may result. Complications from heart or lung diseases are potential risks

Coin extraction from the upper esophagus in a child.

Dr. Mohamed Abeid

From the " Endoscopy Atlas " :
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A nonsurgical method of treating a ganglion is to drain the fluid from (aspirate) the ganglion sac. Your doctor can do this in the office using the following procedure: The ganglion area is cleaned with an antiseptic solution. A local anesthetic is injected into the ganglion area to numb the area. When the area is numb, the ganglion sac is punctured with a sterile needle. The fluid is drawn out of the ganglion sac. The ganglion collapses. A bandage and, in some cases, a splint are used for a few days to limit movement and prevent the ganglion sac from filling again. Treating a ganglion by draining the fluid with a needle may not work because the ganglion sac remains intact and can fill again, causing the ganglion to return. For this reason, your doctor may puncture the sac with the needle 3 or 4 times so the sac will collapse completely. Even then, the ganglion is likely to come back.

Johns Hopkins Children’s Center Surgeon-in-Chief David Hackam provides information about general pediatric surgery and when it is time to see a general pediatric surgeon. #PediatricSurgery #JohnsHopkins

For more information on general pediatric surgery at Johns Hopkins Children's Center, visit https://www.hopkinsmedicine.or....g/johns-hopkins-chil

FAQ's
0:02 What is a general pediatric surgeon?
0:31 When is it time to see a pediatric surgeon?
1:02 What are some of the most common surgical problems seen by general pediatric surgeons?
1:43 Describe research being done in the field.
2:15 Why choose Johns Hopkins Children's Center for general pediatric surgery?

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USMLE Step 2 CS - Obesity This is just preview video. To get full access please visit our website : www.usmletutoring.com

The maneuver is commonly used during some activities: Straining to have a bowel movement Blowing a stuffy nose Certain medical tests or exams As a pressure equalization technique by scuba divers, sky divers and airplane passengers The effect of the Valsalva Maneuver is a drastic increase in the pressure within the thoracic cavity.

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-Failure to thrive (FTT) is not a diagnosis in itself; rather, it is a term used to describe failure to gain weight in children younger than two years old. Children categorized as FTT weigh less than the 5th percentile for their age; more severe cases involve a slowing of linear growth and head circumference as well. The three causes of FTT are inadequate calorie intake, inadequate calorie absorption, and increased calorie requirements. Newborn infants need 110 kcal/kg/day, while children up to twelve months need 100

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