Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium of less than 135 Meq per litre and occurs in upto 22 % of hospitalised patients. The causes of hyponatremia may be understood based on the pre-existing volume status of the patient which may either be hypovolemic, euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. This presentation discusses in detail, the causes of these underlying conditions. Also mentioned are the clinical features and management options and therapeutic sodium targets in patients with hyponatremia. Drugs such as demeclocycline and vaptans (Tolvaptan, Conivaptan) are also mentioned as management options which may be used on a case to case basis. Finally, the all important targets of sodium correction over 24 hours are also mentioned, along with a practical formula for calculation of sodium deficit which is explained with an example.

approach to Peripheral venous access

examination of the recturm

Triplet C-section

Macrobiopsy of breast lesions is a complicated procedure when performed with vacuum assisted biopsy tools. The Spirotome is a hand-held needle set that doesn't need capital investment, is ready to use and provides tissue samples of high quality in substantial amounts. In this way quantitative molecular biology is possible with one tissue sample. The Coramate is an automated version of this direct and frontal technology.

As a pediatric surgeon at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Dr. Nitsana Spigland treats newborns, children, teens, and young adults requiring surgical interventions. She specializes in antenatal counseling and newborn congenital malformations.

Learn more about Dr. Spigland at: https://www.nyp.org/physician/nspigland.

Acute hemothorax due to aortic rupture in aortic dissection with lung collapse and mediastinal shift.

Sclerotherapy for varicose veins

Throughout the body, there are several points at which blood vessels unite. The junctions are termed anastomoses. In the simplest sense, an anastomosis is any connection (made surgically or occurring naturally) between tube-like structures. Naturally occurring arterial anastomoses provide an alternative blood supply to target areas in cases where the primary arterial pathway is obstructed. They are most abundant in regions of the body where the blood supply may can be easily damaged or blocked (such as the joints or intestines). This article focuses on the arterial anastomotic networks of the upper limb.

The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system that makes pregnancy possible. The cycle is required for the production of oocytes, and for the preparation of the uterus for pregnancy.

The bone marrow aspiration is usually done first. The doctor makes a small incision, then inserts a hollow needle through the bone and into the bone marrow. Using a syringe attached to the needle, the doctor withdraws a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow. You may feel a brief sharp pain or stinging.

German Video showing examination of the urinary bladder

A very good video illustrating the Interrupted Sub-Dermal Sutures

Injection in buttocks

Vital signs help us assess patients in the nursing profession, and there are six common vital signs that we assess as nurses:

1. Heart Rate (Pulse)
2. Respiration Rate
3. Temperature
4. Blood Pressure
5. Pain Rating
6. Oxygen Saturation

This video will demonstrate how to check vital signs (live) on a patient, along with normal rates for each assessment. I also give you a few tips for taking vital signs as a nurse, CNA, or other healthcare profession.

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More nursing skills: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5-Rp-6FMCQ&list=PLQrdx7rRsKfUhd_qQYEbp0Eab3uUKhgKb

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Popular Playlists:

NCLEX Reviews: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLQrdx7rRsKf
Fluid & Electrolytes: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLQrdx7rRsKf
Nursing Skills: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLQrdx7rRsKf

Dr. Joseph McGinn explains minimally invasive bypass, the procedure he pioneered as an alternative to open heart surgery.

A new video illustrating the horizontal breast exam technique whihc is performed by doctors for any breast masses or abnormalities.

Orchidectomy and Orchidopexy in Testicular Torsion

Hemorrhoidectomy Operation Video

Lead poisoning occurs when lead builds up in the body, often over a period of months or years. Even small amounts of lead can cause serious health problems. Children under the age of 6 are especially vulnerable to lead poisoning, which can severely affect mental and physical development. At very high levels, lead poisoning can be fatal. Lead-based paint and lead-contaminated dust in older buildings are the most common sources of lead poisoning in children. Other sources include contaminated air, water and soil. Adults who work with batteries, do home renovations or work in auto repair shops also may be exposed to lead. While treatment is available for lead poisoning, taking some simple precautions can help protect yourself and your family.