There are twelve cranial nerves in total. The olfactory nerve (CN I) and optic nerve (CN II) originate from the cerebrum. Cranial nerves III – XII arise from the brain stem (Figure 1). They can arise from a specific part of the brain stem (midbrain, pons or medulla), or from a junction between two parts: Midbrain – the trochlear nerve (IV) comes from the posterior side of the midbrain. It has the longest intracranial length of all the cranial nerves. Midbrain-pontine junction – oculomotor (III). Pons – trigeminal (V). Pontine-medulla junction – abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear (VI-VIII). Medulla Oblongata – posterior to the olive: glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory (IX-XI). Anterior to the olive: hypoglossal (XII). The cranial nerves are numbered by their loca

Atrial fibrillation vs Atrial Flutter

Bengmark Naso-Intestinal tube

Uncomplicated acute otitis media (AOM) should be treated empirically with amoxicillin. Recurrent AOM should raise concern for beta-lactamase resistance and warrants treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Ototopical medications are unnecessary, even if there is tympanic membrane perforation.

Sexual Desire & our Eating

What causes addiction? Easy, right? Drugs cause addiction. But maybe it is not that simple.

-Failure to thrive (FTT) is not a diagnosis in itself; rather, it is a term used to describe failure to gain weight in children younger than two years old. Children categorized as FTT weigh less than the 5th percentile for their age; more severe cases involve a slowing of linear growth and head circumference as well. The three causes of FTT are inadequate calorie intake, inadequate calorie absorption, and increased calorie requirements. Newborn infants need 110 kcal/kg/day, while children up to twelve months need 100

Encephalopathy means disorder or disease of the brain. In modern usage, encephalopathy does not refer to a single disease, but rather to a syndrome of global brain dysfunction; this syndrome can have many different organic and inorganic causes.

Stages In Breast Cancer

Formerly called toxemia, preeclampsia is a condition that pregnant women develop. It is marked by high blood pressure in women who have previously not experienced high blood pressure before. Preeclamptic women will have a high level of protein in their urine and often also have swelling in the feet, legs, and hands.

The cause of HELLP syndrome is unknown, but there are certain factors that may increase your risk of developing it. Preeclampsia is the greatest risk factor. This condition is marked by high blood pressure and swelling, and it typically occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy.

Medication Use During Pregnancy

American Cancer Society release new breast cancer screening guidelines

Red blood cells, most white blood cells, and platelets are produced in the bone marrow, the soft fatty tissue inside bone cavities. Two types of white blood cells, T and B cells (lymphocytes), are also produced in the lymph nodes and spleen, and T cells are produced and mature in the thymus gland.

Emergency Contraception is a way to prevent pregnancy AFTER unprotected sex. Lots of people have questions about it: What does the morning after pill do? How does emergency contraception work to prevent pregnancy? What are the different types of emergency contraception? This video answers these questions and more.

A fluid-filled swelling (cyst) in the Bartholin's glands, which lubricate the vagina.

The human body as seen with MRI and X-RAY

32 weeks pregnant, your baby has now nails on the toes and fingers. Watch this video to get detailed information of baby's development during this 33 week of pregnancy,

Broca's Aphasia (expressive) When a stroke injures the frontal regions of the left hemisphere, different kinds of language problems can occur. This part of the brain is important for putting words together to form complete sentences. Injury to the left frontal area can lead to what is called Broca's aphasia.

fetal position in womb at 34 weeks fetal position in womb week by week fetal position in womb at 19 weeksUnborn babies toss and turn and hold many different positions within the womb during the gestation period; pregnant women everywhere will attest to the fact that their children always start up the gymnastics at bedtime.