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Low Thyroid - Could It Be A T3 Problem?
Low Thyroid - Could It Be A T3 Problem? samer kareem 5,826 Views • 3 years ago

NTIS refers to a syndrome found in seriously ill or starving patients with low fT3, usually elevated RT3, normal or low TSH, and if prolonged, low fT4. It is found in a high proportion of patients in the ICU setting, and correlates with a poor prognosis if TT4 is <4ug/dl. The patho-physiology includes suppression of TRH release, reducedT3 and T4 turnover, reduction in liver generation of T3, increased formation of RT3, and tissue specific down-regulation of deiodinases, transporters, and TH receptors. Although long debated, tissue TH levels are definitely reduced, and tissue hypothyroidism is presumably present. This is often not clinically evident because of the brief duration, and reduced but not absent tissue levels of TH. Although recognized for nearly 4 decades, interpretation of the syndrome is contested, because of lack of data. Some observes, totally without data, argue that it is a protective response and should not be treated. Other observers (as in this review) present available data suggesting, but not proving, that thyroid hormone replacement is appropriate, not harmful, and may be beneficial. The best form of treatment (TRH,TSH,or T3+T4) and possible accompanying treatments (GHRH, Cortisol, nutrition, insulin) lack consensus. In this review current data are laid out for reader’s review and judgment.

Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia samer kareem 4,378 Views • 3 years ago

There are 3 genetic types of FHH based on chromosome location. FHH type 1 accounts for 65% of cases and is due to inactivating mutations in the CASR gene, localized to 3q21.1. This gene encodes the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). Loss of CaSR function results in a reduction in the sensitivity of parathyroid and renal cells to calcium levels so hypercalcemia is perceived as normal. The other 35% have either a mutation GNA11 (19p13.3) seen in FHH type 2 or AP2S1 (19q13.2-q13.3) seen in FHH type 3 (see these terms) or in genes not yet discovered. FHH is rarely caused by auto-antibodies against CaSR in those without a mutation.

Treatment Options for Breast Cancer
Treatment Options for Breast Cancer samer kareem 29,206 Views • 3 years ago

For both DCIS and invasive cancer, radiation therapy to the remaining breast tissue is generally recommended after surgery. A lumpectomy may also be called breast-conserving surgery, a partial mastectomy, quadrantectomy, or a segmental mastectomy. A mastectomy is the surgical removal of the entire breast.

HELLP syndrome
HELLP syndrome samer kareem 1,828 Views • 3 years ago

The cause of HELLP syndrome is unknown, but there are certain factors that may increase your risk of developing it. Preeclampsia is the greatest risk factor. This condition is marked by high blood pressure and swelling, and it typically occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy.

Thumb Tip Regeneratio!
Thumb Tip Regeneratio! samer kareem 19,712 Views • 3 years ago

Thumb Tip Regeneration! IV3000 Wound Dressing for Thumb / Finger Trauma

Scaphoid Fracture Screw Fixation
Scaphoid Fracture Screw Fixation samer kareem 8,907 Views • 3 years ago

An animated description of the use of a cannulated Herbert screw for surgical treatment of scaphoid fractures.

How a woman's body changes during Pregnancy
How a woman's body changes during Pregnancy samer kareem 25,194 Views • 3 years ago

How a woman's body changes during Pregnancy

Twins Fighting in the Womb
Twins Fighting in the Womb samer kareem 5,235 Views • 3 years ago

MRI Shows Twins Fighting in the Womb

Womb Fight
Womb Fight samer kareem 10,580 Views • 3 years ago

Womb Fight amazing

GIANT CELL TUMOR REMOVAL
GIANT CELL TUMOR REMOVAL samer kareem 3,370 Views • 3 years ago

GIANT CELL TUMOR REMOVAL Plastic, Cosmetic and Reconstructive

Most Effective Treatments for Tourette's
Most Effective Treatments for Tourette's samer kareem 3,063 Views • 3 years ago

Most people with TS are not significantly impaired by their symptoms and therefore do not require treatment with medication. However, several medications are available to control TS symptoms that interfere with functioning. Except in more severe cases when tics are sometimes painful, the main reasons for medication are to improve appearance and lessen embarrassing social interactions. As with all medications, there are possible side effects that should be monitored carefully by the physician. Patients should always be included in the decision to take medication, as they are the best judge of how disruptive the symptoms are to them. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to help the person with TS cope with his or her condition. Often, people make fun of a person with TS. Parents of children with TS also may find it difficult to cope with their child's behavior. When people with TS are diagnosed correctly and treated for the condition early, they can learn to cope with their disorder and accept that they are ok and normal.

Bartter vs Gitelman syndrome
Bartter vs Gitelman syndrome samer kareem 1,838 Views • 3 years ago

Bartter syndrome has traditionally been classified into three main clinical variants, as follows: Neonatal (or antenatal) Bartter syndrome Classic Bartter syndrome Gitelman syndrome Advances in molecular diagnostics have revealed that Bartter syndrome results from mutations in numerous genes that affect the function of ion channels and transporters that normally mediate transepithelial salt reabsorption in the distal nephron segments. Hundreds of mutations have been identified to date. Such advances may result in the development of new therapies (see the image below). [2] (See Pathophysiology and Etiology.)

How does the brain work?
How does the brain work? samer kareem 1,444 Views • 3 years ago

The brain is the most complex organ in our body. It controls everything we do, from simple things such as breathing, to complex things such as co-ordinating our movements. The brain stores our memories, allows us to think and speak, and controls how we behave

TRANSUMBILICAL SINGLE SITE LAP CHOLYCYSTECTOMY
TRANSUMBILICAL SINGLE SITE LAP CHOLYCYSTECTOMY samer kareem 1,366 Views • 3 years ago

TRANSUMBILICAL SINGLE SITE LAP CHOLYCYSTECTOMY

Forehead wound repaired
Forehead wound repaired samer kareem 2,464 Views • 3 years ago

Forehead wound repaired with "Liquiband" glue

Can I get LASIK surgery to correct my vision?
Can I get LASIK surgery to correct my vision? Alicia Berger 1,278 Views • 3 years ago

The famous question: Can I get LASIK surgery to correct my vision?

How Deep Vein Thrombosis develop
How Deep Vein Thrombosis develop samer kareem 7,967 Views • 3 years ago

In Deep Vein Thrombosis, blood clot is able to reach the heart and from there it transport to the arteries of the lungs, where it may stuck in the...

Membrane could Prevent Heart Attacks
Membrane could Prevent Heart Attacks samer kareem 17,162 Views • 3 years ago

This membrane could prevent heart attacks and keep the heart alive.

epilepsy! What To Do?
epilepsy! What To Do? samer kareem 1,663 Views • 3 years ago

Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder and affects people of all ages Epilepsy means the same thing as "seizure disorders" Epilepsy is characterized by unpredictable seizures and can cause other health problems Epilepsy is a spectrum condition with a wide range of seizure types and control varying from person-to-person Public perception and misunderstanding of epilepsy causes challenges often worse than the seizures

Acanthamoeba Keratitis
Acanthamoeba Keratitis samer kareem 8,178 Views • 3 years ago

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare disease in which amoebae invade the cornea of the eye. It may result in permanent visual impairment or blindness.

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