This video depicts tracheostomy being performed. This procedure bypasses the normal air passage and creates a direct passage into the trachea just below the voice box. This is a life saving procedure in patients who have respiratory obstruction above the level of vocal cords

Utilizing specially engineered lasers, permanent hair removal has never been more comfortable for men and women of all colors and skin types. In just four or five sessions, patients can achieve lasting results without damaging the skin or any surrounding tissue.

Dark pigment (melanin) in the hair shaft and the papilla (the root of the hair follicle) are targeted by a specific light-energy emitted by the laser. In a tiny fraction of a second, the hair is simply vaporized without damaging the skin or any surrounding tissue.

In one pulse (that lasts a tiny fraction of a second) our lasers remove hair on a patch of skin the size of a quarter. The hair removal sensation is like plucking hair or getting snapped by a rubber-band. Our lasers incorporate a patented and state-of-the-art integrated cooling system that acts as a natural anesthetic, cooling down the skin to minimize any discomfort. Patients unanimously report that the hair removal treatment is a "piece of cake" compared to waxing.

A dermatologist explains how this skin condition is recognised and treated and the challenging effects it can have on an individual.

olusegun adekanye's spinal disc replacement operation performed by Dr. Nick Thomas at the Blackheath Hospital.Part 2

What is Esophageal Dilation?
Esophageal dilation is a procedure that allows your doctor to dilate, or stretch, a narrowed area of your esophagus [swallowing tube]. Doctors can use various techniques for this procedure. Your doctor might perform the procedure as part of a sedated endoscopy. Alternatively, your doctor might apply a local anesthetic spray to the back of your throat and then pass a weighted dilator through your mouth and into your esophagus.
Why is it Done?
The most common cause of narrowing of the esophagus, or stricture, is scarring of the esophagus from reflux of acid occurring in patients with heartburn. Patients with a narrowed portion of the esophagus often have trouble swallowing; food feels like it is "stuck" in the chest region, causing discomfort or pain. Less common causes of esophageal narrowing are webs or rings (which are thin layers of excess tissue), cancer of the esophagus, scarring after radiation treatment or a disorder of the way the esophagus moves [motility disorder].
How Should I Prepare for the Procedure?
An empty stomach allows for the best and safest examination, so you should have nothing to drink, including water, for at least six hours before the examination. Your doctor will tell you when to start fasting.
Tell your doctor in advance about any medications you take, particularly aspirin products or anticoagulants (blood thinners). Most medications can be continued as usual, but you might need to adjust your usual dose before the examination. Your doctor will give you specific guidance. Tell your doctor if you have any allergies to medications as well as medical conditions such as heart or lung disease. Also, tell your doctor if you require antibiotics prior to dental procedures, because you might need antibiotics prior to esophageal dilation as well.
What Can I Expect during Esophageal Dilation?
Your doctor might perform esophageal dilation with sedation along with an upper endoscopy. Your doctor may spray your throat with a local anesthetic spray, and then give you sedatives to help you relax. Your doctor then will pass the endoscope through your mouth and into the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. The endoscope does not interfere with your breathing. At this point your doctor will determine whether to use a dilating balloon or plastic dilators over a guiding wire to stretch your esophagus. You might experience mild pressure in the back of your throat or in your chest during the procedure. Alternatively, your doctor might start by spraying your throat with a local anesthetic. Your doctor will then pass a tapered dilating instrument through your mouth and guide it into the esophagus.
What Can I Expect after Esophageal Dilation?
After the dilation is done, you will probably be observed for a short period of time and then allowed to return to your normal activities. You may resume drinking when the anesthetic no longer causes numbness to your throat, unless your doctor instructs you otherwise. Most patients experience no symptoms after this procedure and can resume eating the next day, but you might experience a mild sore throat for the remainder of the day.
If you received sedatives, you probably will be monitored in a recovery area until you are ready to leave. You will not be allowed to drive after the procedure even though you might not feel tired. You should arrange for someone to accompany you home, because the sedatives might affect your judgment and reflexes for the rest of the day.
What are the Potential Complications of Esophageal Dilation?
Although complications can occur even when the procedure is performed correctly, they are rare when performed by doctors who are specially trained. A perforation, or hole, of the esophagus lining occurs in a small percentage of cases and may require surgery. A tear of the esophagus lining may occur and bleeding may result. Complications from heart or lung diseases are potential risks

Technique was suggested by Nissen as a surgical treatment for the Gastro-Esophageal Reflux GERD and a 360 degrees wrap of fundus of the stomach is fashioned by means of 3 sutures around the lower end of esophagus.
Collis was the first to perform it laparoscopic.

An animation illustrating carcinoma of the colon

How Hair can be retsored and transplanted? natural versus biofibers?
Dr. Mohamed El Ruby
Consultant of Plastic Surgery - Ain Shams University

كيفية منع تساقط الشعر و علاج الصلع
د. محمد الروبي
استشارى جراحات التجميل - جامعة عين شمس

تناسق القوام مطلب كل أنسان سواء رجل أو أمرأة ولذلك يجب تحديد معدل تراكم الدهون بالجسم و تحديد نوع تناسق القوام و كيفيته
د. محمد الروبي
استشارى جراحات التجميل بجامعة عين شمس

Microsurgical varicocelectomy is performed for patients with a varicocele and impaired semen parameters, testicular atrophy or pain due to the varicocele.

laparoscopy for repair of rupture of urinary bladder

Normal Heart Sounds With the aid of a stethoscope you can hear the characteristic sounds of the normal heartbeat, typically described as a "lub-dub." These sounds are produced by the closure of the heart valves. The first heart sound or "lub" results from closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves. It is a rather low-pitched and a relatively long sound which, as indicated in, represents the beginning of ventricular systole. The second heart sound, or "dub," marks the beginning of ventricular diastole. It is produced by closure of the aortic and pulmonary (pulmonic) semilunar vanes when the intraventricular pressure begins to fall. This "dub" sound is typically heard as a sharp snap because the semilunar valves tend to close much more rapidly than the AV valves. Because diastole occupies more time than systole, a brief pause occurs after the second heart sound when the heart is beating at a normal rate. Therefore, the pattern that one hears is one of: "lub-dub" pause, "lub-dub" pause, and so on. Sometimes, especially in young normal individuals, a third heart sound can be heard. This sound is produced by the very rapid influx of blood into the partially filled ventricle. It is typically very faint and as such difficult to hear.

Insertion of pediatric nasogastric tube in children and babies

Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

Ulnar head excision in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with painful and limited forearm rotation. Performed at the Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead

Cricothyroidotomy NEJM

Vanderbilt Medical Center neurosurgeons and neurologists will be online demonstrating their 4-stage innovative technique used for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). Deep brain stimulation therapy utilizes an implantable neuro-stimulator to treat movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia.

Ganglion Cyst Removal

Endoscopic Brain Surgery, third Ventriculostomy