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Discover A Simplified Approach to Master the Complexity of Anatomy with me, Dr. David Morton ... The Noted Anatomist!
This video tutorial discusses an Introduction to Histology (study of tissues):
0:00. Intro
0:35. Hierarchical organization of living matter
1:56. H&E stains
3:00. Epithelium overview (characteristics and classifying scheme)
- 9:12. Simple squamous epithelium
- 11:05. Simple cuboidal epithelium
- 12:20. Simple columnar epithelium
- 13:36. Stratified squamous epithelium
- 15:51. Urinary epithelium (transitional epithelium)
- 16:45. Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium (respiratory epithelium)
18:55. Connective tissue overview (characteristics and classifying scheme)
- 21.14. Connective tissue proper (loose CT, dense irregular CT, dense regular CT, adipose tissue)
- 24:50. Cartilage (hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage)
- 26:04. Bone (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, calcium ...)
- 27:34. Blood (RBC, WBC, platelet, plasma)
28:54. Muscle tissue (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle)
32:54. Nervous tissue (neurons and glial cells)
36:58. In-a-Nutshell
37:07. Acknowledgements
For a more detailed study of histology go to The Histology Wizard: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCAeLLruy9RkUWaW_r
A laparoscope is a small, thin tube that is put into your body through a tiny cut made just below your navel. Your surgeon can then see your gallbladder on a television screen and do the surgery with tools inserted in three other small cuts made in the right upper part of your abdomen. Your gallbladder is then taken out through one of the incisions.
he appendix is a long narrow tube (a few inches in length) that attaches to the first part of the colon. It is usually located in the lower right quadrant of the abdominal cavity. The appendix produces a bacteria destroying protein called immunoglobulins, which help fight infection in the body. Its function, however, is not essential. People who have had appendectomies do not have an increased risk toward infection. Other organs in the body take over this function once the appendix has been removed.
The complex circuitry interconnecting different areas in the brain, known collectively as white matter, is composed of millions of axons organized into fascicles and bundles. Upon macroscopic examination of sections of the brain, it is difficult to discern the orientation of the fibers. The same is true for conventional imaging modalities. However, recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make such task possible in a live subject. By sensitizing an otherwise typical MRI sequence to the diffusion of water molecules it is possible to measure their diffusion coefficient in a given direction1. Normally, the axonal membrane and myelin sheaths pose barriers to the movement of water molecules and, thus, they diffuse preferentially along the axon2. Therefore, the direction of white matter bundles can be elucidated by determining the principal diffusivity of water. The three-dimensional representation of the diffusion coefficient can be given by a tensor and its mathematical decomposition provides the direction of the tracts3; this MRI technique is known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). By connecting the information acquired with DTI, three-dimensional depictions of white matter fascicles are obtained4. The virtual dissection of white matter bundles is rapidly becoming a valuable tool in clinical research.
Our journey begins with a transverse section of tightly packed axons as seen through light microscopy. Although represented as a two-dimensional "slice", we see that these axons in fact resemble tubes. A simulation of water molecules diffusing randomly inside the axons demonstrates how the membranes and myelin hinder their movement across them and shows the preferred diffusion direction --along the axons. The tracts depicted through DTI slowly blend in and we ride along with them. As we zoom out even more, we realize that it is a portion of the corpus callosum connecting the two sides of the brain we were traveling on and the great difference in relative scale of the individual axons becomes evident. The surface of the brain is then shown, as well as the rest of the white matter bundles--a big, apparently chaotic tangle of wires. Finally, the skin covers the brain.
With the exception of the simulated water molecules, all the data presented in the animation is obtained through microscopy and MRI. Computer algorithms for the extraction of the cerebral structures and a custom-built graphics engine make our journey through the brain's anatomy possible in a living person.
Micrograph courtesy of Dr. Christian Beaulieu, University of Alberta.
Music by Mario Mattioli.
References:
1. Stejskal, E.O., et al., J. Chem. Phys., 1965. 42:
2. Beaulieu, C., NMR Biomed., 2002. 15:435-55.
3. Basser, P.J., et al., J. Magn. Reson. B, 1994. 103:247-54.
4. Mori, S., et al., NMR Biomed., 2002. 15:468-80.
A video-animation presentation about sentinel lymph node biopsies for breast cancer diagnosis. 3D graphics are used to explain the process. Topics include the lymphatic system and the methods used. This video is part of the breast cancer education series produced by CancerQuest at Emory University
Atrial Fibrillation is the most common heart rythmn abnormatlity and is very common as you age. Atrial fibrillation is a condition in which the top chambers of the heart, the Atrium are fibrillating, rather than having a regular synchronized contraction. One of the worst complications of Atrial Fibrillation can be Stroke. There are very good treatments of Atrial Fibrillation. This animated video is an overview of Atrial Fibrillation.