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Start in RLQ (so you don’t miss a giant spleen). Get your fingers set then ask patient to take a deep breath. Don’t dip your fingers or do anything but wait. When patient expires, take up new position. Note lowest point of spleen below costal margin, texture of splenic contour, and tenderness If spleen is not felt, repeat with pt lying on right side. Gravity may bring spleen within reach. “LET THE SPLEEN PALPATE YOUR FINGERS AND NOT THE OTHER WAY AROUND. THERE IS NO GOLD, SO DON’T DIG!”
Physical assessment is taking an educated, systematic look at all aspects of an individual’s health status utilizing knowledge, skills and tools of health history and physical exam. To collect data- information about the client’s health, including physiological, psychological, sociocultural and spiritual aspects To establish actual and potential problems To establish the nurse-client relationship Method: The history is done first, then the physical examination focuses on finding data associated with the history. Health History- obtained through interview and record review. Physical exam- accomplished by tools and techniques ** A complete assessment is not necessarily carried out each time. A comprehensive assessment is part of a health screening examination. On admission, you will do an admission assessment (not necessarily including everything presented here) and document it on the admission form. You will do a daily shift assessment (patient systems review). And, if client has a specific problem, you may assess only that part of the body (focused). Data Collection: Information is organized into objective and subjective data: Subjective: Apparent only to person affected; includes client’s perceptions, feelings, thoughts, and expectations. It cannot be directly observed and can be discovered only asking questions. Objective: Detectable by an observer or can be tested against an acceptable standard; tangible, observable facts; includes observation of client behavior, medical records, lab and diagnostic tests, data collected by physical exam. ** To obtain data for the nursing health history, you must utilize good interview techniques and communications skills. Record accurately. DO NOT ASSUME. D. Frameworks for Health Assessment There are two main frameworks utilized in health assessment: Head to Toe- systematic collection of data starting with the head and working downward. Functional Health Assessment- Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns that address the behaviors a person uses to maintain health. PERSON is the ACC-ADN framework for assessment. It is similar to Gordon's functional health patterns.
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Cervical cerclage can be placed via transvaginal, open transabdominal, or laparoscopic transabdominal approach, preferably before pregnancy. Recurrent late miscarriages may be due to a weak (sometimes called an incompetent) cervix that shortens or opens too early in pregnancy. Cervical cerclage involves placing a stitch around the upper part of the cervix to keep it closed; the operation may be carried out through the vagina, or through the abdomen, as an open or laparoscopic ('keyhole') procedure.
Not every woman undergoes a traditional vaginal delivery with the birth of her child. Under conditions of fetal or maternal distress, or in the case of breech presentation (when a baby is turned feet first at the time of delivery), or if the woman’s first baby was born by cesarean delivery, a procedure called a cesarean section may be required. During a cesarean, a doctor will make either a lateral incision in the skin just above the pubic hair line, or a vertical incision below the navel. As the incision is made, blood vessels are cauterized to slow bleeding. After cutting through the skin, fat, and muscle of the abdomen, the membrane that covers the internal organs is opened, exposing the bladder and uterus. At this time the physician will generally insert his or her hands into the pelvis in order to determine the position of the baby and the placenta. Next, an incision is made into the uterus and any remaining fluids are suctioned from the uterus. The doctor then enlarges the incision with his or her fingers. The baby’s head is then grasped and gently pulled with the rest of its body from the mother’s uterus. Finally, the abdominal layers are sewn together in the reverse order that they were cut. The mother is allowed to recover for approximately three to five days in the hospital. She will also be quite sore and restricted from activity for the following several weeks. There are several potential complications associated with this procedure that should be discussed with a doctor prior to surgery.
OB_A_1013
3D animation depicting the operating room and initial procedure preparing the patient for a laparoscopic hysterectomy. The patient is prepped and draped in the usual fashion and surrounded by the surgeon and surgical assistants. The skin is elevated, an infraumbilical incision is made, a trocar port is inserted through the incision and the abdomen is insufflated. Finally, a laparoscope is inserted into the port to allow for direct visualization of the uterus and the surgery can begin.
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http://www.amerra.com In this patient education video from Colorectal Surgical Associates in Houston, Texas, learn more about the single incision laparoscopic colectomy procedure. This minimally invasive procedure uses a mini incision that
results in less pain, fewer complications, earlier recovery, and a smaller scar. Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. For more information please visit our website: www.csamd.com or call (713)-790-0600.