This patented device replaces cumbersome metal retractors for a variety of surgical procedures. The surgeon has maximum unobstructed exposure and the size of the required incision is minimized.

I call this technique deep rendering. I basically stacked graphical cross-sections (in this case, MRI rendering data), using proper increments and clip through them with the camera. This way I am able to explore all internal components in full 3D real-time.

I actually was able to figure out how to colorize different organs to help distinguish them apart from each other but couldn't get the shader to render real-time in Maya.

Credit: MRI scans courtesy of University of Washington Digital Anatomist Program

The complex circuitry interconnecting different areas in the brain, known collectively as white matter, is composed of millions of axons organized into fascicles and bundles. Upon macroscopic examination of sections of the brain, it is difficult to discern the orientation of the fibers. The same is true for conventional imaging modalities. However, recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make such task possible in a live subject. By sensitizing an otherwise typical MRI sequence to the diffusion of water molecules it is possible to measure their diffusion coefficient in a given direction1. Normally, the axonal membrane and myelin sheaths pose barriers to the movement of water molecules and, thus, they diffuse preferentially along the axon2. Therefore, the direction of white matter bundles can be elucidated by determining the principal diffusivity of water. The three-dimensional representation of the diffusion coefficient can be given by a tensor and its mathematical decomposition provides the direction of the tracts3; this MRI technique is known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). By connecting the information acquired with DTI, three-dimensional depictions of white matter fascicles are obtained4. The virtual dissection of white matter bundles is rapidly becoming a valuable tool in clinical research.

Our journey begins with a transverse section of tightly packed axons as seen through light microscopy. Although represented as a two-dimensional "slice", we see that these axons in fact resemble tubes. A simulation of water molecules diffusing randomly inside the axons demonstrates how the membranes and myelin hinder their movement across them and shows the preferred diffusion direction --along the axons. The tracts depicted through DTI slowly blend in and we ride along with them. As we zoom out even more, we realize that it is a portion of the corpus callosum connecting the two sides of the brain we were traveling on and the great difference in relative scale of the individual axons becomes evident. The surface of the brain is then shown, as well as the rest of the white matter bundles--a big, apparently chaotic tangle of wires. Finally, the skin covers the brain.

With the exception of the simulated water molecules, all the data presented in the animation is obtained through microscopy and MRI. Computer algorithms for the extraction of the cerebral structures and a custom-built graphics engine make our journey through the brain's anatomy possible in a living person.

Micrograph courtesy of Dr. Christian Beaulieu, University of Alberta.
Music by Mario Mattioli.

References:
1. Stejskal, E.O., et al., J. Chem. Phys., 1965. 42:
2. Beaulieu, C., NMR Biomed., 2002. 15:435-55.
3. Basser, P.J., et al., J. Magn. Reson. B, 1994. 103:247-54.
4. Mori, S., et al., NMR Biomed., 2002. 15:468-80.

A videos of cataract surgery

LASIK or Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis is a surgical procedure intended to reduce a person's dependency on glasses or contact lenses.

LASIK surgery is most commonly performed as a cure for myopia (nearsightedness), but can also be used to cure hyperopia (farsightedness) or astigmatism (corneal irregularities).

LASIK is a procedure that permanently changes the shape of the cornea using a special laser and thus focusing the light rays exactly on the retina.

The steps of the procedure are as follows:

A suction ring is placed on the eye to stabilize and check the eye pressure.

The microkeratome, a cutting instrument, is attached to the suction ring.

The blade of the microkeratome is used to cut a flap in the cornea.

The exposed inner layer of the cornea is then reshaped with an excimer laser.

The corneal flap is returned to its original position.

LASIK is an ambulatory procedure; the patient can walk into the surgery center, have the procedure and walk out again and is awake the whole time. Occasionally, the doctor may administer a mild oral sedative.

This animated video will run you through the process of nuclear stress test.

Intercostal Tube Insertion in case of pneumothorax

Brief animation demonstrating emergency surgical cricothyrotomy; created with Lightwave 9.3

Vaccines are extremely safe. Adverse reactions are uncommon. The most common reaction is pain and swelling at the vaccine site, which is easily treated, and has no longterm problems. An allergic reaction to vaccines are rare. Dr. Michael Davis dispells this and other vaccine myths, including myths about autism and vaccines.

The video will describe the terms that were used in last video of streptococcal/pneumococcal pneumonia. Please see my website for disclaimer.

Bleeding during the ligation of an artery during right hemicolectomy

this video is showing the laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal herina repair for direct inguinal herina

The video will describe what is Tree in bud sign on CT scan of Chest. Please see disclaimer on my website www.academyofprofessionals.com

LCHI - Hernia repair done by medical students with guidance and assistance of Professor Luiz Eduardo C. Miranda. Description of surgery is in portuguese.

Video shows improvement of gait after a total knee replacement in the same patient. The sideways lurch has been abolished. This was possible by bone grafting and an advanced revision knee system.
Surgery performed at the MJRC, http://www.kneeindia.com/blog
http://www.kneeindia.com

A video showing thyroidectomy surgery

Medically: How common do females orgasm? From the medical point of view

the short video will describe four layers of connective tissue. Please see disclaimer on my website. www.academyofprofessionals.com

A video showing the procedure of Tubular Diskectomy of a herniated disk. Uploaded on MedicalVideos.us.Discussing the management of Sciatica.

Graphic video demonstrating the reconstruction of a facial cheek defect following the removal of a common skin cancer in a challenging location near the lower eyelid. Visit us @ www.skincancercentre.com.