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A club foot, or congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), is a congenital deformity involving one foot or both. The affected foot appears rotated internally at the ankle. TEV is classified into 2 groups: Postural TEV or Structural TEV.
Without treatment, persons afflicted often appear to walk on their ankles, or on the sides of their feet. It is a common birth defect, occurring in about one in every 1,000 live births. Approximately 50% of cases of clubfoot are bilateral. In most cases it is an isolated dysmelia. This occurs in males more often than in females by a ratio of 2:1. A condition of the same name appears in animals, particularly horses.
Vertigo is a sense of rotation, rocking, or the world spinning, experienced even when someone is perfectly still. Many children attempt to create a sense of vertigo by spinning around for a time; this type of induced vertigo lasts for a few moments and then disappears. In comparison, when vertigo occurs spontaneously or as a result of an injury it tends to last for many hours or even days before resolving.
LASIK or Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis is a surgical procedure intended to reduce a person's dependency on glasses or contact lenses.
LASIK surgery is most commonly performed as a cure for myopia (nearsightedness), but can also be used to cure hyperopia (farsightedness) or astigmatism (corneal irregularities).
LASIK is a procedure that permanently changes the shape of the cornea using a special laser and thus focusing the light rays exactly on the retina.
The steps of the procedure are as follows:
A suction ring is placed on the eye to stabilize and check the eye pressure.
The microkeratome, a cutting instrument, is attached to the suction ring.
The blade of the microkeratome is used to cut a flap in the cornea.
The exposed inner layer of the cornea is then reshaped with an excimer laser.
The corneal flap is returned to its original position.
LASIK is an ambulatory procedure; the patient can walk into the surgery center, have the procedure and walk out again and is awake the whole time. Occasionally, the doctor may administer a mild oral sedative.
Breast Cancer spreads by 3 mechanisms- local spread, by lymph nodes, or through the blood. Dr. Lorraine Champion, and Dr. Lisa Bailey discuss how breast cancer spreads. They discuss the different methods of spread and how this will affect the treatment of breast cancer.