At each level of the spine, there is a disc space in the front and paired facet joints in the back. Working together, these structures define a motion segment (Fig. 1A). Back pain may re­sult when injury or degenerative changes allow abnormal movement of the vertebrae to rub against one another, known as an unstable motion segment (Fig. 1B). Two vertebrae need to be fused to stop the motion at one segment. For example, an L4-L5 fusion is a one-level spinal fusion (Fig. 1C). A two-level fusion joins three vertebrae together and so on.

Special Anoscope for Easy Purse string Suture Application in Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy

This video is designed for my introductory A&P course to study the endocrine system. This tutorial will take you through the various endocrine organs, hormones produced, and effects at each tissue. Prolactin is one of the 5 hormones we are studying of the anterior pituitary. SHOW MORE

Ergometrine Childbirth Medication

The importance of uninterrupted contact between mother and newborn SHOW MORE

Myelomeningocele remains the most complex congenital malformation of the central nervous system that is compatible with life. This lesion results when the neural tube fails to fold normally during postovulatory Days 21 to 27.[6] The exact cause of disorders remains under some historical debate and is not within the scope of this paper. Myelomeningocele within the context of this discussion refers only to lesions that involve an open caudal neural tube defect on the surface of the skin

Female Intermittent Self Catheterization

AZT Mechanism of Antiviral Activity

Emergency Physical Examination Lecture

Cardiac Surgical Skills LaboratoryTraining Procedures:/n Aortic Cannulation and Decannulation/nCardiac surgery training

Minimally invasive surgery has been shown to be feasible and safe in pediatric patients since 1975 when laparoscopic surgery was first used to treat a small bowel obstruction. Laparoscopy is an option for surgical repair of inguinal hernias in addition to the traditional open approach.

watch that video of Navel stone removal from a dirty bellybutton

Watch that video to know Types and Causes of Vaginal Infection Yeast or Candidiasis, Trichomoniasis or Bacterial ?

Anatomy of The Lower Limb Joints

Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries. In humans, this event occurs when the follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, the egg will be available to be fertilized by sperm

A 29 years old man lost his left wrist in car turn over in 2014. this video is taken 1 year after replantation. You can see another videos in my site: https://drliaghatclinic.com, https://instagram.com/liaghatclinic, https://t.me/liaghatclinic

Every year, thousands of conventional total shoulder replacements are successfully done in the United States for patients with shoulder arthritis. This type of surgery, however, is not as beneficial for patients with large rotator cuff tears who have developed a complex type of shoulder arthritis called "cuff tear arthropathy." For these patients, conventional total shoulder replacement may result in pain and limited motion, and reverse total shoulder replacement is a better option.

A spinal tumor is a growth that develops within your spinal canal or within the bones of your spine. It may be cancerous or noncancerous. Tumors that affect the bones of the spine (vertebrae) are known as vertebral tumors. Tumors that begin within the spinal cord itself are called spinal cord tumors. There are two main types of tumors that may affect the spinal cord: Intramedullary tumors begin in the cells within the spinal cord itself, such as astrocytomas or ependymomas. Extramedullary tumors develop within the supporting network of cells around the spinal cord. Although they don't begin within the spinal cord itself, these types of tumors may affect spinal cord function by causing spinal cord compression and other problems. Examples of extramedullary tumors that can affect the spinal cord include schwannomas, meningiomas and neurofibromas.

Millions of sperms are deposited into the vagina during sexual intercourse. The sperms make their way through the cervix into the uterus and then on to the fallopian tubes. As they swim along this way their numbers decline. Only a few hundred sperm will get close to the egg. During the trip, sperm prepare themselves to meet the egg by subtle alterations of their heads and movement patterns. Once inside the fallopian tube, the sperm attracts the egg by releasing a chemical. The egg is surrounded by a protective covering called the zona pellucida, which allows only one sperm to penetrate it. Once inside the egg, the head of the fertilizing sperm releases its genetic contents, which fuses with the nucleus of the egg. Fertilisation is now complete. Sperm are able to survive for 2-3 days within the female's reproductive tract. The length of the time that a woman's egg can be fertilized by a man's sperm ranges from 12-24 hours.

Furosemide is used to reduce extra fluid in the body (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. This can lessen symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling in your arms, legs, and abdomen. This drug is also used to treat high blood pressure. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. Furosemide is a "water pill" (diuretic) that causes you to make more urine. This helps your body get rid of extra water and salt.