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The most common symptoms noticed by people with haemochromatosis (inherited iron overload disorder) are • Fatigue, weakness and lethargy • Joint pains leading to osteoarthritis * Other symptoms include: • Abdominal pain • Diabetes • Liver disorders; enlarged liver, cirrhosis • Sexual disorders; loss of sex drive in both male and female, impotence in men, absent or scanty menstrual periods and early menopause in women • Decrease in body hair • Discolouration or bronzing of the skin • Cardiomyopathy; disease of the heart muscle • Neurological/psychiatric disorders; impaired memory, mood swings, severe irritability, depression. These symptoms, if present, take time to develop. No two people are alike and symptoms will vary from person to person. Some people never develop any symptoms at all. All of the symptoms of haemochromatosis can also be caused by other medical conditions or even just the stresses of modern life. They develop slowly and people often do not notice what is happening for a long time. This can make haemochromatosis difficult to diagnose. Symptoms are caused by high levels of iron stored in the body. One indicator of the level of iron stored is serum ferritin. If iron stores are high the serum ferritin level will be high, but serum ferritin levels can also be raised by other factors. The normal range is 20 – 300 micrograms per litre (µg/L) for men and 10 – 200 µg/L for women. There is strong medical evidence of a potential for significant organ damage when iron stores cause serum ferritin levels above 1,000 µg/L. However some people seem to experience symptoms with levels between 300 and 1,000 µg/L. Higher levels are more likely to be associated with more severe symptoms. If haemochromatosis is diagnosed and treated before serious iron overload and significant damage occurs, most symptoms will decrease or disappear. However there is evidence that treatment may not alleviate arthritis symptoms.
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This video illustrates an IM injection for deltoid muscle.
Note that vaccines and other medications can be administered through the deltoid muscle. I will give you some tips through this video.
It is important to check your client’s details such as their medication, time, dose, and the route to be used. Different research works are subject to change the protocols for insertion thus, it is necessary to be up to date with the current changes.
Assemble all the supplies and conduct hand sanitation. Usually, I wear gloves before giving any injection in as much as the CDC may state it is optional unless the patient has an open lesion and contact of body fluids is likely to happen.
Use the acromion process landmark to locate the deltoid muscle. Move your fingers about two widths below the landmark. The patient’s adipose tissue determines the choice of needle length. Note that the needle gauge is determined by the type of medication you plan to give to the patient.
The Z-track technique is recommended rather than pinching the patient’s skin. Pull the patient’s skin to the side using one hand. Use a 90 degree angle to insert the needle to the patient’s skin. At the rate of 10 seconds per mL gently depress the plunger.
Remove the needle carefully and engage the safety precautions then dispose of the needle appropriately in the sharps container. Gauzing helps to cover the injection site.
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