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Chapters

0:00 Introduction
1:04 Why do doctors perform laparoscopy?
2:11 How is laparoscopy performed?
3:22 Result
3:47 Risk of laparoscopy

Laparoscopy (from Ancient Greek λαπάρα (lapára) 'flank, side', and σκοπέω (skopéō) 'to see') is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis using small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) with the aid of a camera. The laparoscope aids diagnosis or therapeutic interventions with a few small cuts in the abdomen.[1]

Laparoscopic surgery, also called minimally invasive procedure, bandaid surgery, or keyhole surgery, is a modern surgical technique. There are a number of advantages to the patient with laparoscopic surgery versus an exploratory laparotomy. These include reduced pain due to smaller incisions, reduced hemorrhaging, and shorter recovery time. The key element is the use of a laparoscope, a long fiber optic cable system that allows viewing of the affected area by snaking the cable from a more distant, but more easily accessible location.

Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole surgery performed on the thoracic or chest cavity is called thoracoscopic surgery. Specific surgical instruments used in laparoscopic surgery include obstetrical forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to the broader field of endoscopy. The first laparoscopic procedure was performed by German surgeon Georg Kelling in 1901. There are two types of laparoscope:[2]

A telescopic rod lens system, usually connected to a video camera (single-chip or three-chip)
A digital laparoscope where a miniature digital video camera is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system

The mechanism mentioned in the second type is mainly used to improve the image quality of flexible endoscopes, replacing conventional fiberscopes. Nevertheless, laparoscopes are rigid endoscopes. Rigidity is required in clinical practice. The rod-lens-based laparoscopes dominate overwhelmingly in practice, due to their fine optical resolution (50 µm typically, dependent on the aperture size used in the objective lens), and the image quality can be better than that of the digital camera if necessary. The second type of laparoscope is very rare in the laparoscope market and in hospitals.[citation needed]

Also attached is a fiber optic cable system connected to a "cold" light source (halogen or xenon) to illuminate the operative field, which is inserted through a 5 mm or 10 mm cannula or trocar. The abdomen is usually insufflated with carbon dioxide gas. This elevates the abdominal wall above the internal organs to create a working and viewing space. CO2 is used because it is common to the human body and can be absorbed by tissue and removed by the respiratory system. It is also non-flammable, which is important because electrosurgical devices are commonly used in laparoscopic procedures.[3]
Procedures
Surgeons perform laparoscopic stomach surgery.
Patient position

During the laparoscopic procedure, the position of the patient is either in Trendelenburg position or in reverse Trendelenburg. These positions have an effect on cardiopulmonary function. In Trendelenburg's position, there is an increased preload due to an increase in the venous return from lower extremities. This position results in cephalic shifting of the viscera, which accentuates the pressure on the diaphragm. In the case of reverse Trendelenburg position, pulmonary function tends to improve as there is a caudal shifting of viscera, which improves tidal volume by a decrease in the pressure on the diaphragm. This position also decreases the preload on the heart and causes a decrease in the venous return leading to hypotension. The pooling of blood in the lower extremities increases the stasis and predisposes the patient to develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT).[4]
Gallbladder

Rather than a minimum 20 cm incision as in traditional (open) cholecystectomy, four incisions of 0.5–1.0 cm, or more recently, a single incision of 1.5–2.0 cm,[5] will be sufficient to perform a laparoscopic removal of a gallbladder. Since the gallbladder is similar to a small balloon that stores and releases bile, it can usually be removed from the abdomen by suctioning out the bile and then removing the deflated gallbladder through the 1 cm incision at the patient's navel. The length of postoperative stay in the hospital is minimal, and same-day discharges are possible in cases of early morning procedures.[citation needed]
Colon and kidney

This Basic Laparoscopic Surgery: Abdominal Access and Trocar Introduction course will teach you the steps of Laparoscopic Surgery. View the full course for free by signing up on our website: https://www.incision.care/

What is Laparoscopic Surgery:
Laparoscopic surgery describes procedures performed using one or multiple small incisions in the abdominal wall in contrast to the larger, normally singular incision of laparotomy. The technique is based around principles of minimally invasive surgery (or minimal access surgery): a large group of modern surgical procedures carried out by entering the body with the smallest possible damage to tissues. In abdominopelvic surgery, minimally invasive surgery is generally treated as synonymous with laparoscopic surgery as are procedures not technically within the peritoneal cavity, such as totally extraperitoneal hernia repair, or extending beyond the abdomen, such as thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy. The term laparoscopy is sometimes used interchangeably, although this is often reserved to describe a visual examination of the peritoneal cavity or the purely scopic component of a laparoscopic procedure. The colloquial keyhole surgery is common in non-medical usage.

Surgical Objective of Laparoscopic Surgery:
The objective of a laparoscopic approach is to minimize surgical trauma when operating on abdominal or pelvic structures. When correctly indicated and performed, this can result in smaller scars, reduced postoperative morbidity, shorter inpatient durations, and a faster return to normal activity. For a number of abdominopelvic procedures, a laparoscopic approach is now generally considered to be the gold-standard treatment option.
Definitions

Developments of Laparoscopic Surgery:
Following a number of smaller-scale applications of minimally invasive techniques to abdominopelvic surgery, laparoscopic surgery became a major part of general surgical practice with the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the 1980s and the subsequent pioneering of endoscopic camera technology. This led to the widespread adoption of the technique by the early- to mid-1990s. The portfolio of procedures that can be performed laparoscopically has rapidly expanded with improvements in instruments, imaging, techniques and training — forming a central component of modern surgical practice and cross-specialty curricula [2]. Techniques such as laparoscopically assisted surgery and hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery have allowed the application of laparoscopic techniques to a greater variety of pathology. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, and minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice surgery continue to push forward the applications of minimally invasive abdominopelvic techniques; however, the widespread practice and specific indications for these remain to be fully established. More recently, robotic surgery has been able to build on laparoscopic principles through developments in visualization, ergonomics, and instrumentation.

This Basic Laparoscopic Surgery: Abdominal Access and Trocar Introduction course will teach you:
- How to access the abdomen using an open, closed, and direct optical-entry technique
- Principles underlying safe abdominal insufflation
- The vascular anatomy of the abdominal wall and its implications for trocar placement
- How to introduce trocars into the peritoneal cavity
- The principle of triangulation and how this can be applied to organizing a laparoscopic surgical field

Specific attention is given to these hazards you may encounter:
- Intravascular, intraluminal, or extraperitoneal needle position
- Limitations of a closed introduction technique
- Abdominal surgical history
- Limitations of an open introduction technique
- Optical trocar entry in thin individuals
- Visualization of non-midline structures
- Limitations of direct optical-entry techniques
- Limitations of clinical examination to confirm intraperitoneal insufflation
- Leakage of insufflation gas

These tips are designed to help you improve your understanding and performance:
- Alternative left upper quadrant approach
- Testing Veress needle before use
- Lifting the abdominal wall for Veress needle introduction
- "Hanging-drop test"
- Palmer's test
- Confirming intra-abdominal insufflation
- Subcutaneous tissue retraction
- Anatomy of the umbilicus
- Retraction of abdominal wall fascia
- Finger sweep of anterior abdominal wall
- Lifting the abdominal wall for optical trocar introduction
- Identification of venous bleeding at the end of a procedure
- Identification of inferior epigastric vessels by direct vision
- Peritoneal folds of the anterior abdominal wall
- Transillumination of superficial epigastric vessels
- Infiltration of local anesthetic at port sites
- Aiming of trocars
- Selection of trocar size
- Maintaining direct vision

Testicle pain (testicular pain) is pain that occurs in or around one or both testicles. Sometimes testicle pain actually originates from somewhere else in the groin or abdomen, and is felt in one or both testicles (referred pain).

Having surgery can be frightening for anyone, but it's especially scary for kids who don't always understand what's going on, or what the grown-ups are saying. We're here to help!

Join Avrie, who had surgery at the Sacred Heart Children's Hospital pediatric surgery center in Spokane, WA. Maybe after watching and hearing her story, you and your kiddo will feel better about having surgery in the hospital.

Follow Avrie's trip - from check-in, vital signs and pre-op checks; meeting the doctor who will do his surgery, along with the anesthesiologist, surgery nurse and the Child Life Specialist; the trip to the Operating Room; waking up in the recovery room with his mom by his side; and getting ready to go home.

To learn more about the pediatric surgery center at Sacred Heart Children's Hospital, visit https://washington.providence.....org/locations-direct

In this compilation, Barnsley Hospital is facing a very busy day with a high number of patients being treated, the doctors and nurses face some of their toughest shifts when they treat critical patients and rare illnesses as well as making tough decisions.

⌚️Timecodes:
00:00 Season 2 Episode 1
08:56 Season 4 Episode 1
16:53 Season 3 Episode 10
30:36 Season 3 Episode 13
37:45 Season 2 Episode 9
46:51 Season 1 Episode 2
52:52 Season 1 Episode 3
58:02 Season 2 Episode 2
01:09:39 Season 2 Episode 11
01:18:37 Season 2 episode 12

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About Casualty 24/7:
Casualty 24/7 shows how the doors of Barnsley A&E department are open every hour, of every day. They allow a peek inside their medical emergency teams, and how they deal with critical situations revolving around people's lives and illnesses. The team are close-knit and exchange typical Yorkshire humour to get them through their often long and tough days.

Watch our playlists:
🔵 Season 1 Full Episodes | Casualty 24/7:
https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLWrY8x74oDM

🔵 Season 2 Full Episodes | Casualty 24/7:
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🔵 Season 3 Full Episodes | Casualty 24/7:
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🔵 Season 4 Full Episodes | Casualty 24/7:
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🔵 Compilation Videos of Casualty 24/7:
https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLWrY8x74oDM

#SeriousIllness #Casualty247 #EmergencyServices #AandE #BHNFT #OurFutureSouthYorkshire

Unruptured Aneurysms: When and How to Treat

A cesarean delivery is a surgical procedure in which a fetus is delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus. ... According to the CDC, in 2010, almost 33% of births were by cesarean delivery.

*How to setup a dialysis Machine*

This is part one of two parts of *How to setup a dialysis Machine* Setting up the Fresenius 2008K hemodialysis machine.


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Additional Resources:
Technical training | Fresenius Medical Care
https://fmcna.com/faq/technical-training/
The Technical Training team Fresenius Renal Technologies, a division of ... closed room environment, as well as hands-on instruction using current machines. ... 2008® Series Troubleshooting Hemodialysis Systems – Workshop, Level II, 2.4 ...

[PDF]2008K Level I Training Manual - Fresenius Medical Care
https://fmcna.com/wp-content/u....ploads/documents/490
I 2008K TRAINING COURSE AGENDA. II HEMODIALYSIS REVIEW. III HYDRAULIC DESCRIPTION. IV MACHINE OPERATION. V INSTALLATION CHECKLIST ...

Training & education - Fresenius Medical Care
https://www.freseniusmedicalca....re.com/en/healthcare
Fresenius Medical Care — training and education for health care professionals. For patient support, home treatment, regulatory requirements, supporting guides ...

At-Home Hemodialysis Training | Fresenius Kidney Care
https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com › Treatments › At-Home Hemodialysis
Depending on the type of dialysis machine you will use, the training program lasts for about 4 to 8 weeks. You will continue to get your dialysis treatments while ...

Training with Fresenius 2008K - HD For Patients - Home Dialysis ...
forums.homedialysis.org › ... › HD For Patients
Nov 16, 2006 - 6 posts - ‎5 authors
Stacy and I have been in training with the Fresenius Baby K for the past 4 weeks. ... my doctor about doing home hemodialysis, so a much deserv… ... on giving you a quiet RO and makes the machine as quiet as possible.
The Dialysis Machine — Dialysis Technician's Training
https://dialysistechnicianstra....ining.com/the-dialys
The dialysis machine acts as an artificial replacement for the kidneys, ... Inc. Gambro; Fresenius Medical Care; Wilmed Global – reconditioned machines ...

Training – Renal Dynamics
https://www.renaldynamics.com › Services
Machines: • Fresenius Level I and II training • Introduction to dialysis and machines • Hands on demonstrations • Practical and written exams • Certification upon ...

2008K@home Fresenius Home Hemodialysis Machine
https://fmcna-hd.com/2008kathome.html
Back to 2008K2 Fresenius Dialysis Machine Go to 2008T Fresenius Dialysis ... Same clinical, technical training and same spare parts as 2008k machines

ThermiVa is a non-surgical vaginal tightening treatment for women who want to reclaim what childbirth or aging may have taken away. Using the same technology that’s used in ThermiTight and ThermiSmooth, radiofrequency energy is sent to the desired area (internally or externally), heating the tissue and stimulating the body’s own collagen. ThermiVa is performed in three treatments over the course of three months.

Watch that IUD Female Birth Control Insertion Surgery

Watch that video of people who Survived Deadly Snake Bites

Watch that video of a Model's Leg and Butt Cosmetic Implants Exploded Inside Her

Thyroid nodules increase with age and are present in almost 10% of the adult population. Autopsy studies reveal the presence of thyroid nodules in 50% of the population, so they are fairly common. 95% of solitary thyroid nodules are benign, and therefore, only 5% of thyroid nodules are malignant.

Sclerotherapy for varicose veins

"I’m essentially taking care of the baby right now to give them 60 or 70 or 80 years of life so I have to perform my best every time. Every single time. That is a commitment that I have to the parents."

The highest standard. That’s what cardiothoracic surgeon Sergio Carrillo demands of himself every time he steps into the OR. Dr. Carrillo and his Heart Center team at Nationwide Children’s Hospital treat patients with congenital heart disease with the simplest to the most complex procedures.

Connect with a specialist: http://bit.ly/2LU2kJn
The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's: http://bit.ly/2LTQmPR
Advancing cardiac care through research: http://bit.ly/2LXFqAD
Tissue Engineering Research & Innovation: http://bit.ly/2LUD0Ts
Heart & Chest Surgery, What to Expect: http://bit.ly/2LVQr5J
Meet our Heart Center Team: http://bit.ly/2LUvdF9

Muscles and Nerves of Lower Limb

Watch that video of a Snake bite causes girl’s leg to rot away with necrosis

Female heart surgeons are rare, but pediatric female surgeons are even more so.

Examination of Peripheral Vascular System - Clinical Skills OSCE Revision - Dr Gill

In this video, we demonstrate the peripheral vascular examination - a less common examination, but still vitally important, particularly amongst the older population

Starting with the examination of the hands looking for clinical signs of vascular compromise, we then check the pulses of the major arteries of the upper body - the radial, brachial and carotid arteries, before moving down to assess for an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

At this point, I feel it's a practical step to check the femoral pulses before doing the overview of the legs.

After visually assessing we must examine the major vascular areas of leg.- namely the popliteal pulses, before wrapping up around the ankle with the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis pulses

For completeness, the cardiovascular examination is demonstrated here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECs9O5zl6XQ&t=2s

#PeripheralVascular #ClinicalSkills #DrGill

Demonstrates some of the procedures of the Cardio Vascular / Peripheral Vascular exam.