A burn is tissue damage that results from scalding, overexposure to the sun or other radiation, contact with flames, chemicals or electricity, or smoke inhalation. Is it a major or minor burn? Call 911 or seek immediate care for major burns, which: Are deep Cause the skin to be dry and leathery May appear charred or have patches of white, brown or black Are larger than 3 inches (about 8 centimeters) in diameter or cover the hands, feet, face, groin, buttocks or a major joint A minor burn that doesn't require emergency care may involve: Superficial redness similar to a sunburn Pain Blisters An area no larger than 3 inches (about 8 centimeters) in diameter Treating major burns Until emergency help arrives: Protect the burned person from further harm. If you can do so safely, make sure the person you're helping is not in contact with the source of the burn. For electrical burns, make sure the power source is off before you approach the burned person. Make certain that the person burned is breathing. If needed, begin rescue breathing if you know how. Remove jewelry, belts and other restrictive items, especially from around burned areas and the neck. Burned areas swell rapidly. Cover the area of the burn. Use a cool, moist bandage or a clean cloth. Don't immerse large severe burns in water. Doing so could cause a serious loss of body heat (hypothermia). Elevate the burned area. Raise the wound above heart level, if possible. Watch for signs of shock. Signs and symptoms include fainting, pale complexion or breathing in a notably shallow fashion. Treating minor burns For minor burns: Cool the burn. Hold the burned area under cool (not cold) running water or apply a cool, wet compress until the pain eases. Remove rings or other tight items from the burned area. Try to do this quickly and gently, before the area swells. Don't break blisters. Fluid-filled blisters protect against infection. If a blister breaks, clean the area with water (mild soap is optional). Apply an antibiotic ointment. But if a rash appears, stop using the ointment. Apply lotion. Once a burn is completely cooled, apply a lotion, such as one that contains aloe vera or a moisturizer. This helps prevent drying and provides relief. Bandage the burn. Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage (not fluffy cotton). Wrap it loosely to avoid putting pressure on burned skin. Bandaging keeps air off the area, reduces pain and protects blistered skin. If needed, take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others), naproxen sodium (Aleve) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).

surgical procedure used to remove excess skin and fat from the abdomen and to tighten the muscles of the abdominal wall. Most tummy tuck patients are dealing with the effects of pregnancies and weight loss and find themselves with loose skin in spite of exercise and weight control. Each year, thousands of Americans undergo a tummy tuck to tone, firm and define the abdominal area.

Congestive Heart Failure

Cases of some sexually transmitted diseases have reached an all-time high, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. From 2014 to 2015, there was a 6% increase in diagnosed cases of chlamydia and a 13% increase in gonorrhea.

How To Use Male Condom Correctl

Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) is a procedure performed for men who are having sperm retrieved for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). It is done with local anesthesia in the operating room or office and is coordinated with their female partner's egg retrieval.

This tutorial explains the difference in mechanisms between the 2 palsies. Bulbar palsy is a lower motor neuron condition and pseudobulbar palsy is an upper motor neuron condidtion.

What happens to our bodies after we die?

Suspect that a patient has a subphrenic abscess if he deteriorates, or recovers and then deteriorates, between the 14th and the 21st day after a laparotomy, with a low, slowly increasing, swinging fever, sweating, and a tachycardia. This, and a leucocytosis, show that he has ''pus somewhere', which is making him anorexic, wasted, and ultimately cachectic. If he has no sign of a wound infection, a rectal examination is negative, and his abdomen is soft and relaxed, the pus is probably under his diaphragm. The pus might be between his diaphragm and his liver, in (1) his right or (2) his left subphrenic space, or under his liver in (3) his right or (4) his left subhepatic space in his lesser sac. He may have pus in more than one of these spaces. Explore him on the suspicion that he might have a subphrenic abscess. Exploration is not a major operation; the difficulty is knowing where to explore, so refer him if you can. If you cannot refer him, explore him yourself. If you fail to find pus, you have done him no harm; missing a subphrenic abscess is far worse. If it is anterior, you can drain it by going under his costal margin anteriorly. If it is posterior, you can go through the bed of his 12th rib posteriorly.

Expand Section. Pulmonary edema is often caused by congestive heart failure. When the heart is not able to pump efficiently, blood can back up into the veins that take blood through the lungs. As the pressure in these blood vessels increases, fluid is pushed into the air spaces (alveoli) in the lungs.

Syringomyelia is a cystic cavitation of the spinal cord associated with Chiari I malformation (70%) or basilar invagination (10%) or tumor. It may be a post-traumatic condition. There are 2 main forms: communicating with the central canal or subarachnoid spaces (Chiari I malformation); non communicating (trauma, tumors).

A stapled haemorrhoidopexy is an operation to return the haemorrhoids to a normal. position inside the rectum (back passage). A circular shaped stapling device is gently. inserted in the back passage. The surgeon is then able to use the device to remove.

Haemorrhoids is one of the most common problems seen in surgical OPD. Open haemorrhoidectomy has remained the gold standard for a long time with a high post-operative morbidity. The quest for a better understanding of the pathology of haemorrhoids resulted in the evolvement of stapler haemorrhoidopexy. Our aim is to study the efficacy of stapler haemorrhoidopexy with regards to role of immediate post-operative morbidity. A prospective study of 50 patients (n = 50) with the second- and third-degree symptomatic haemorrhoids was done. The mean age of the patients was 44.1 years. Fourteen patients had co-morbid conditions. The average duration of the operation was 29 min. Patients with the second-degree haemorrhoids had higher rate of complication. The complication rate was 32%. Three patients had urinary retention. Two patients had minor bleeding, and one patient experienced transient discharge. The mean analgesic requirement was 2.4 tramadol, 50 mg injections. Ten patients had significant post-operative pain. Average length of hospital stay was 2.7 days. There were no symptomatic recurrences till date.

This video shows the technique of suprapatellar tibial nailing as used for a segmental tibia fracture. The broken leg was treated with the nail to allow immediate mobility and range of motion; no cast was needed for this injury.

Instead of permanently joining (fusing) vertebrae with metal rods and screws, and therefore restricting movement, the new procedure uses the Anatomic Facet Replacement System (AFRS) device that attaches to each of two adjacent vertebrae with a movable joint that mimics the spine's natural joint.

Scientists in Switzerland proved in 2012 that electrical-chemical stimulation of the spinal cord could restore lower body movement in paralysed rats.

Tooth loss can make you look older. When you lose a tooth and don’t replace it with a dental implant, you risk the chance of jawbone loss. Normally, your tooth root stimulates the continued growth and health of your jawbone. Dental implants mirror your natural tooth root and keep your jawbone healthy.

Giant cell tumour is a locally aggressive primary bone tumour, located eccentrically in the metaphysis and epiphysis of a long bone. It commonly affects distal end of Femur, proximal end of Tibia and distal end of Radius. It is occasionally reported in small bones of hand and foot[1], spine[2] and pelvis[3]. Though it occurs in 20 - 35 year old individuals commonly, it can also be seen in children as young as 2 years[4] and also in older individuals

Usually a sebaceous cyst grows very slowly and doesn't cause pain. However, they can become inflamed or infected, with the overlying skin becoming red, tender, and sore. Sometimes, they occur on a site that is constantly irritated, such as a cyst on your neck that rubs against your collar.

Mitra Nejad, MD
Associate Physician Diplomate
UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Cataract and Refractive Surgery Division