In a normal person, when a muscle tendon is tapped briskly, the muscle immediately contracts due to a two-neuron reflex arc involving the spinal or brainstem segment that innervates the muscle. The afferent neuron whose cell body lies in a dorsal root ganglion innervates the muscle or Golgi tendon organ associated with the muscles; the efferent neuron is an alpha motoneuron in the anterior horn of the cord. The cerebral cortex and a number of brainstem nuclei exert influence over the sensory input of the muscle spindles by means of the gamma motoneurons that are located in the anterior horn; these neurons supply a set of muscle fibers that control the length of the muscle spindle itself. Hyporeflexia is an absent or diminished response to tapping. It usually indicates a disease that involves one or more of the components of the two-neuron reflex arc itself. Hyperreflexia refers to hyperactive or repeating (clonic) reflexes. These usually indicate an interruption of corticospinal and other descending pathways that influence the reflex arc due to a suprasegmental lesion, that is, a lesion above the level of the spinal reflex pathways.

Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism Symptoms: Swollen Neck. A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. As shown here, an enlarged thyroid can be seen as a swelling in the front of the neck. A goiter can occur with either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

Laparoscopic removal of ectopic pregnancy

ost of us come across this particular sign quite often. Of course, you can just jump to the numerous investigations and one after another, rule out the possible causes, finally getting to the diagnosis. For me, that’s no fun at all. Although I still don’t know whether I am going to become a surgeon or not (embarassing for me, since I’m going to be done with med-school this year), its pretty fascinating. If I were to work in a country whether investigations aren’t that expensive, I would definitely just perform a small examination and take a short history, sending off my patient to get a myriad of investigations, reporting to me after a while, with the diagnosis in his reports.

Complete clinical examination of the ears with all the associated tests

Eyes,ears,nose and throat exam

Watch that video of Removing Man;s Hand Stuck Inside Meat Grinder

Treatment may not be needed for an eschar if it is part of the natural healing process. However, if an eschar looks like it may have a wound infection – symptoms can include oozing fluid such as pus or blood, your clinician will likely recommend topical treatment or debridement to help control and remove the infection.

The human brain is the command center for the human nervous system. It receives input from the sensory organs and sends output to the muscles. The human brain has the same basic structure as other mammal brains, but is larger in relation to body size than any other brains.

Watch that video of Black and Whiteheads on Nose Removal

Watch that video of Surgery to Remove Chainsaw Blade From Man's Neck

Draining Huge Back Cyst

Watch that Full Human Body Decay Process Video

What Is a Paronychia (Nail Infection)? An infection that develops along the edge of the fingernail or toenail is called a paronychia (pear-ah-NIK-ee-ah). It is the most common hand infection and, if left untreated, can progress to a more severe infection of the entire finger or toe. Paronychia is distinguished from other infections such as onychomycosis and herpetic whitlow by its location and appearance.

Watch that video of a Snake bite causes girl’s leg to rot away

Massive PE causing hemodynamic instability (shock and/or low blood pressure, defined as a systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or a pressure drop of 40 mmHg for >15 min if not caused by new-onset arrhythmia, hypovolemia or sepsis) is an indication for thrombolysis, the enzymatic destruction of the clot with medication.

German Video showing examination of the urinary bladder

Full Obstetric examination and normal delivery by Egyptian doctor Hussein Sulayman and the video is in English showing:

Obstetric Examination
Episiotomy
Obstetric Forceps
Obstetric Instruments

A video showing the full steps for a successful epidural placement, puncture and application of anaesthesia

This is second video to describe mediastinal structures on a Chest x-ray. Please see my website for disclaimer.