Common Benign Pain Syndromes--Symptoms and Etiology:
1. Non-specific musculoskeletal pain: This is the most common cause of back pain. Patients present with lumbar area pain that does not radiate, is worse with activity, and improves with rest. There may or may not be a clear history of antecedent over use or increased activity. The pain is presumably caused by irritation of the paraspinal muscles, ligaments or vertebral body articulations. However, a precise etiology is difficulty to identify.
2. Radicular Symptoms: Often referred to as "sciatica," this is a pain syndrome caused by irritation of one of the nerve roots as it exits the spinal column. The root can become inflamed as a result of a compromised neuroforamina (e.g. bony osteophyte that limits size of the opening) or a herniated disc (the fibrosis tears, allowing the propulsus to squeeze out and push on the adjacent root). Sometimes, it's not precisely clear what has lead to the irritation. In any case, patient's report a burning/electric shock type pain that starts in the low back, traveling down the buttocks and along the back of the leg, radiating below the knee. The most commonly affected nerve roots are L5 and S1.
3. Spinal Stenosis: Pain starts in the low back and radiates down the buttocks bilaterally, continuing along the backs of both legs. Symptoms are usually worse with walking and improve when the patient bends forward. Patient's may describe that they relieve symptoms by leaning forward on their shopping carts when walking in a super market. This is caused by spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the central canal that holds the spinal cord. The limited amount of space puts pressure on the nerve roots when the patient walks, causing the symptoms (referred to as neurogenic claudication). Spinal stenosis can be congenital or develop over years as a result of djd of the spine. As opposed to true claudication (pain in calfs/lower legs due to arterial insufficiency), pain resolves very quickly when person stops walking and assumes upright position. Also, peripheral pulses should be normal.
4. Mixed symptoms: In some patients, more then one process may co-exist, causing elements of more then one symptom syndrome to co-exist.

An untreated hepatic abscess is nearly uniformly fatal as a result of complications that include sepsis, empyema, or peritonitis from rupture into the pleural or peritoneal spaces, and retroperitoneal extension. Treatment should include drainage, either percutaneous or surgical. Antibiotic therapy as a sole treatment modality is not routinely advocated, though it has been successful in a few reported cases. It may be the only alternative in patients too ill to undergo invasive procedures or in those with multiple abscesses not amenable to percutaneous or surgical drainage. In these instances, patients are likely to require many months of antimicrobial therapy with serial imaging and close monitoring for associated complications.

UPMC liver surgeons are among the most experienced in the world in performing minimally invasive liver surgery. Most patients benefit from less trauma and pain, minimal scarring, a shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery than from traditional surgery.
To learn more, please visit https://www.upmc.com/services/....liver-cancer/treatme

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What does a fistula for dialysis look like?
A fistula for dialysis is a surgical connection between a vein and an artery.
In this video, I will show you a real fistula and how we should evaluate it before a dialysis connection.

Additional videos:
💉How to properly cannulate a fistula: https://youtu.be/IqoHnzFyhJQ
💉 What is a fistula for dialysis treatment: https://youtu.be/B5EEf-MklFk
💉 The 10-second assessment for fistulas: https://youtu.be/Uqo0LhjZSI8

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Additional resources:

What Does a Healthy AV Fistula Look Like? | Azura Vascular ...
www.azuravascularcare.com infodialysisaccess healt...
Jul 17, 2018 — An AV fistula is a surgically-created permanent access located under the skin, making a direct connection between a vein and an artery. An AV fistula is typically created in the non-dominant arm. If the veins in your arm are not large or healthy enough to support a fistula, it may be created in your leg.

Preparing for Dialysis (AV Fistula) Fact Sheets Yale ...
www.yalemedicine.org › conditions › preparing-dialysi...
To undergo dialysis, patients need a surgical procedure to create an access point for the dialysis machine. An AV fistula is the most common access point.

Vascular Access for Hemodialysis - Life Options
lifeoptions.org living-with-kidney-failure vascular-a...
Jump to How a Catheter Looks and Feels — This makes a pattern that looks a bit like a rope ladder. The next best way—for fistulas ONLY—is the “Buttonhole ...
‎Fistula or Graft Surgery · ‎Needle Fear · ‎How a Fistula or Graft Looks...

Taking Care of Your Fistula - DaVita
www.davita.com dialysis preparing-for-dialysis › ta...
An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is a type of access used for hemodialysis. ... access because it utilizes the patient's own vessels and does not require permanent placement of foreign materials such ... Look for redness or swelling around the fistula area. ... This sound may change from a whooshing noise to a whistle-like sound.

Vascular Access for Hemodialysis - Department of Surgery
surgery.ucsf.edu conditions--procedures vascular-ac...
The patient does not need anesthesia for this procedure. ... A vascular surgeon performs AV graft surgery, much like AV fistula surgery, in an outpatient center or ...

Frequently Asked Questions about Dialysis Access Surgery ...
www.bidmc.org transplant-institute frequently-aske...
Dialysis access surgery creates the vascular opening so a needle can be inserted for ... fluid and to correct electrolytes like potassium, sodium, phosphate and calcium, to name a few. ... Where are AV fistulas located and how long do they last?

Fistula and Graft Placement (Eric K. Peden, MD) - YouTube
www.youtube.com watch
Mar 28, 2016 — ... Bootcamp 2015 August 14 - 16, 2015 "Dialysis Access" Fistula and Graft Placement (Eric K. Peden, MD) DICET@Houstonmethodist.org.

Watch that video to know How To Firm And Lift Your Sagging Chest Naturally

In patients age ;::25, HPV DNA testing is the preferred next step in management if the initial cytology shows ASC-US. In this method, samples are collected for both cytology and reflex HPV DNA. If cytology results are positive, HPV DNA testing is performed. If cytology results are negative, the sample for HPV DNA is discarded. HPV DNA testing along with Pap smear at 3 years is recommended if initial cytology shows ASC-US but HPV DNA testing is negative

An animation of blood flow inside the hollow fiber of a hemofilter, or a dialyzer, and the flow of the dialysate in an opposite direction with increased extraction of waste and small molecules from the blood as the concentration of these molecules is reduced downstream and exposed to new dialysate.

To learn about Hemodialysis..
https://www.thevirtualnephrolo....gist.com/specialties

The Virtual Nephrologist is your gateway to optimal health.
To learn more about Hypertension, Kidney Disease and Dialysis:
https://thevirtualnephrologist.com/

About Dr. Rifai:
Dr. Ahmad Oussama Rifai is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) in the specialty of Internal Medicine and the sub-specialty of Nephrology.

MEET DR. RIFAI
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Orchidectomy and Orchidopexy in Testicular Torsion

Dr. Ailawadi, M.D., the Chair of Cardiac Surgery at Michigan Medicine, specializes in minimally invasive valve surgery as well as complex cardiac operations. This video shows step by step footage of a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) in a complex patient. In this case, CABG was performed through a sternotomy (through the breast bone) using the internal thoracic artery and saphenous leg veins to bypass obstructed coronary arteries. In this video, Dr. Ailawadi will perform a triple vessel bypass (CABG) which has been shown to minimize the risk of future heart attack and help patients live longer in the setting of complex coronary artery disease.

To learn more about cardiac surgery at Michigan Medicine, visit: https://medicine.umich.edu/dept/cardiac-surgery

To learn more about Frankel Cardiovascular Center, visit: https://www.umcvc.org/

To watch the full playlist, visit: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLNxqP-XbH8B

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Pilonidal disease with lateral extension - Follicle removal (Bascon's technique)

Bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow aspiration are procedures to collect and examine bone marrow — the spongy tissue inside some of your larger bones. Bone marrow biopsy and aspiration can show whether your bone marrow is healthy and making normal amounts of blood cells. Doctors use these procedures to diagnose and monitor blood and marrow diseases, including some cancers, as well as fevers of unknown origin. Bone marrow has a fluid portion and a more solid portion. In bone marrow biopsy, your doctor uses a needle to withdraw a sample of the solid portion. In bone marrow aspiration, a needle is used to withdraw a sample of the fluid portion.

Medical Female Breast Exam

Transurethral resection of the prostate (also known as TURP, plural TURPs and as a transurethral prostatic resection TUPR) is a urological operation. It is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). As the name indicates, it is performed by visualising the prostate through the urethra and removing tissue by electrocautery or sharp dissection. This is considered the most effective treatment for BPH. This procedure is done with spinal or general anesthetic. A large triple lumen catheter is inserted through the urethra to irrigate and drain the bladder after the surgical procedure is complete. Outcome is considered excellent for 80-90% of BPH patients. Because of bleeding risks associated with the surgery, TURP is not considered safe for many patients with cardiac problems. As with all invasive procedures, the patient should first discuss medications they are taking with their doctor, most especially blood thinners or anticoagulants, such as warfarin (Coumadin), or aspirin. These may need to be discontinued prior to surgery. Postop complications include bleeding (most common), clotting and hyponatremia (due to bladder irrigation).

Additionally, transurethral resection of the prostate is associated with low but important morbidity and mortality.

Hysteroscopy adhesiolysis for treating Ashermann syndrome

Elbow Exam - Orthopaedic OSCE - Clinical Skills - Dr Gill

The elbow examination is a core skill - in this video, we demonstrate how to perform an elbow EXAM for an Orthopaedic Clinical Skills OSCE, which should be one of the more accessible examination stations for medical students.

For a passing grade in your Clinical Skills OSCE, an elbow assessment should follow the LOOK, FEEL, MOVE approach

Initially looking for erythema, scars, swelling and position

Palpating the elbow - specifically the olecranon, medial and lateral epicondyles, and radial head for heat, oedema and crepitus

Finally assess range of movement with flexion and extension at the elbow, before determining for tennis and golfers' elbows

Watch further orthopaedic examinations for your OSCE revision:

The Elbow - Deep Dive
https://youtu.be/SX5buhtCVDw

The Spine Examination:
https://youtu.be/pJxMHa6SCgU

The Knee examination
https://youtu.be/oyKH4EYfJDM

The Hip examination
https://youtu.be/JC9GKq5nSdQ

The GALS examination
https://youtu.be/5qJaf7gW-B0 - Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine - GALS screen

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Please note that there is no ABSOLUTE way to perform a clinical examination. Different institutions and even clinicians will have differing degrees of variations - the aim is the effectively identify medically relevant signs.

However during OSCE assessments. Different medical schools, nursing colleges and other health professional courses will have their own preferred approach to a clinical assessment - you should concentrate on THEIR marks schemes for your assessments.

The examination demonstrated here is derived from Macleods Clinical Examination - a recognised standard textbook for clinical skills.

Some people viewing this medical examination video may experience an ASMR effect

#clinicalskills #Elbow #DrGill

Watch that Male Catheter Insertion Procedure

Using state of the art 3D animation techniques, this video shows the anatomy of the heart. Includes close ups of the superior vena cava, rights and left atrium, the valves, the ventricles and the pulmonary artery.

Please note: this video contains no audio description or captions.

Your heart is an extraordinary machine - enjoy the visual showing you how it works :)

Copyright - Arcreative

Curious about medical device 3D animation? ➜ http://www.arcreative-media.com

Watch this video to learn how and when to change a dressing for a child with a hemodialysis catheter. You should change your child's dressing if it becomes soiled with water or blood or if it comes off at home. Keeping a clean dressing on your child will limit risk of infection.