Respiratory Examination video

Surgical removal of a Chalazion from the eye lid

How to deal with a case of ingested poison

A video showing the Vasa Previa which is an abnormality of the placenta

Laparoscopic excision of a 6cm Cornual Ectopic Pregnancy that failed initial MTX treatment.

Gynecomastia means enlargement of male breast to resample female breast that is a common problem between males and causes many psychological problem
Dr. Mohamed El-Rouby
Consltant of Plastic surgery - Faculty of Medicine - Ain Shams University

Incision of the bladder neck for a small prostate

Shoulder Exam
I think that the most daunting aspect of the shoulder exam is appreciating the functional anatomy of this incredibly mobile joint. The primary benefit of the ball and socket arrangement is that it allows the hand to be positioned precisely in space, maximizing our ability to function. In terms of functionality, the shoulder might be best described as having a golf ball-on-a-tee design.
Location Of The Muscle Groups Is Approximated In The Pictures Above.

Start by looking at the normal (or more normal) side. Note any scars, obvious asymmetry, discoloration, swelling, or muscle asymmetry.

Palpation
Gently palpate around the shoulder, touching each of the landmarks noted above. Make note of pain.

The complex circuitry interconnecting different areas in the brain, known collectively as white matter, is composed of millions of axons organized into fascicles and bundles. Upon macroscopic examination of sections of the brain, it is difficult to discern the orientation of the fibers. The same is true for conventional imaging modalities. However, recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) make such task possible in a live subject. By sensitizing an otherwise typical MRI sequence to the diffusion of water molecules it is possible to measure their diffusion coefficient in a given direction1. Normally, the axonal membrane and myelin sheaths pose barriers to the movement of water molecules and, thus, they diffuse preferentially along the axon2. Therefore, the direction of white matter bundles can be elucidated by determining the principal diffusivity of water. The three-dimensional representation of the diffusion coefficient can be given by a tensor and its mathematical decomposition provides the direction of the tracts3; this MRI technique is known as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). By connecting the information acquired with DTI, three-dimensional depictions of white matter fascicles are obtained4. The virtual dissection of white matter bundles is rapidly becoming a valuable tool in clinical research.

Our journey begins with a transverse section of tightly packed axons as seen through light microscopy. Although represented as a two-dimensional "slice", we see that these axons in fact resemble tubes. A simulation of water molecules diffusing randomly inside the axons demonstrates how the membranes and myelin hinder their movement across them and shows the preferred diffusion direction --along the axons. The tracts depicted through DTI slowly blend in and we ride along with them. As we zoom out even more, we realize that it is a portion of the corpus callosum connecting the two sides of the brain we were traveling on and the great difference in relative scale of the individual axons becomes evident. The surface of the brain is then shown, as well as the rest of the white matter bundles--a big, apparently chaotic tangle of wires. Finally, the skin covers the brain.

With the exception of the simulated water molecules, all the data presented in the animation is obtained through microscopy and MRI. Computer algorithms for the extraction of the cerebral structures and a custom-built graphics engine make our journey through the brain's anatomy possible in a living person.

Micrograph courtesy of Dr. Christian Beaulieu, University of Alberta.
Music by Mario Mattioli.

References:
1. Stejskal, E.O., et al., J. Chem. Phys., 1965. 42:
2. Beaulieu, C., NMR Biomed., 2002. 15:435-55.
3. Basser, P.J., et al., J. Magn. Reson. B, 1994. 103:247-54.
4. Mori, S., et al., NMR Biomed., 2002. 15:468-80.

different aging and other skin spots can be treated succesfully with Co2 laser.

A 54 year old man with a left leg tumor, a vascular malformation, undergoes resection (removal) of the tumor.

Examination of the knee from Loyola medical school, Chicago

A video showing the correct way to hold a forceps

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, also known clinically as Stein-Leventhal syndrome), which is an endocrine disorder that affects 5--10% of women. It occurs amongst all races and nationalities, is the most common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age, and is a leading cause of infertility. The symptoms and severity of the syndrome vary greatly between women. While the causes are unknown, insulin resistance (often secondary to obesity) is heavily correlated with PCOS.

Axillary Cannulation: Antegrade Flow and Brain Protection

Off-Pump CABG in Dextrocardia; A New Challenge for a New Era

Hand Assisted Nephrectomy

Motor cortex stimulation for Chronic pain

We will present technique of lifting a corneal flap, 10 months post IntraLASIK surgery, after epithelial nest. The nest changed in size and started to grow. The technique is minimal invasive and included partial flap lifting.

Repair techniques for various types of asymmetric pectus excavatum are illustrated. Morphology-tailored bar shaping and selecting the hinge points are key elements of the technique. Repair of two cases on an eccentric type and unbalanced type according to "Park Classification" was demonstrated.