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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma. After malaria and intestinal helminthiasis, schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease in the world, being a major source of morbidity and mortality for developing countries in Africa, South America, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Asia. (See Epidemiology and Prognosis.) [1] More than 207 million people, 85% of who live in Africa, are infected with schistosomiasis, [1] and an estimated 700 million people are at risk of infection in 76 countries where the disease is considered endemic, as their agricultural work, domestic chores, and recreational activities expose them to infested water. [1, 2] Globally, 200,000 deaths are attributed to schistosomiasis annually. [3] Transmission is interrupted in some countries. [2] (See Etiology and Epidemiology.)
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Common Benign Pain Syndromes--Symptoms and Etiology:
1. Non-specific musculoskeletal pain: This is the most common cause of back pain. Patients present with lumbar area pain that does not radiate, is worse with activity, and improves with rest. There may or may not be a clear history of antecedent over use or increased activity. The pain is presumably caused by irritation of the paraspinal muscles, ligaments or vertebral body articulations. However, a precise etiology is difficulty to identify.
2. Radicular Symptoms: Often referred to as "sciatica," this is a pain syndrome caused by irritation of one of the nerve roots as it exits the spinal column. The root can become inflamed as a result of a compromised neuroforamina (e.g. bony osteophyte that limits size of the opening) or a herniated disc (the fibrosis tears, allowing the propulsus to squeeze out and push on the adjacent root). Sometimes, it's not precisely clear what has lead to the irritation. In any case, patient's report a burning/electric shock type pain that starts in the low back, traveling down the buttocks and along the back of the leg, radiating below the knee. The most commonly affected nerve roots are L5 and S1.
3. Spinal Stenosis: Pain starts in the low back and radiates down the buttocks bilaterally, continuing along the backs of both legs. Symptoms are usually worse with walking and improve when the patient bends forward. Patient's may describe that they relieve symptoms by leaning forward on their shopping carts when walking in a super market. This is caused by spinal stenosis, a narrowing of the central canal that holds the spinal cord. The limited amount of space puts pressure on the nerve roots when the patient walks, causing the symptoms (referred to as neurogenic claudication). Spinal stenosis can be congenital or develop over years as a result of djd of the spine. As opposed to true claudication (pain in calfs/lower legs due to arterial insufficiency), pain resolves very quickly when person stops walking and assumes upright position. Also, peripheral pulses should be normal.
4. Mixed symptoms: In some patients, more then one process may co-exist, causing elements of more then one symptom syndrome to co-exist.
To facilitate the delivery of fluids during labour, obstetric anaesthetists from Coventry designed a triple IV peripheral connector with a central high-flow anti-reflux valve. This connector, now rightly known as the Coventry valve, can be used for all theatre settings and is especially useful in obstetrics, ICU, HDU and orthopaedics. More details on www.mediplus.co.uk
A unique look into laboratory techniques for egg freezing, also known as oocyte cyropreservation. Take an exclusive look inside one of the most advanced, state-of-the-art in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratories to see how RMA of New York performs egg freezing procedures using strict identification standards. Medical and laboratory video footage documents egg retrieval, egg identification from follicular fluid, preparation for preservation, and the cyropreservation and storage process for egg freezing. RMA of New York is proud to partner with Extend Fertility ™ to offer egg freezing services. To learn more, please visit Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York www.rmany.com/fertility-hope Or Extend Fertility http://www.extendfertility.com 635 Madison Avenue, 10th floor New York, New York 10022 Telephone: (212) 756-5777 Facsimile: (212) 756-5770 15 North Broadway, Garden Level - Suite G White Plains, New York 10601 Telephone: (914) 997-6200 Facsimile: (914) 997-8111 Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York, Long Island 400 Garden City Plaza, Suite 107 Garden City, NY 11530 Telephone: (516) 746-3633 Facsimile: (516) 746-3622 Reproductive Medicine Associates International Mexico, S.C. Prolongacion Paseo de la Reforma 1232, Oficina 1213 Colonia Lomas de Bezares Delegacion Miguel Hidalgo Mexico, Distrito Federal 11910 Telephone: 011-52-55-2167-2515 Fax: 011-52-55-2167-6434
Otto Placik MD. a board certified Chicago based plastic surgeon presents Vulvar Vaginal Genital anatomy lesson reviewing the Vulva, Mons Pubis, clitoral hood, prepuce, frenulum, labia minora & majora, vagina, urethra and fourchette with surgical implications and techniques. Photos pictures and video of anatomic models are reviewed in detail on different models. Great for patients thinking about or planning before labiaplasty or vaginal cosmetic surgery
Dr. Jeffrey Ojemann, director of epilepsy surgery at Seattle Children's Hospital, explains a cutting-edge treatment for epilepsy: minimally invasive MRI-guided laser ablation surgery. Laser ablation surgery is much safer and more precise than other treatments, with fewer side effects.
A special thanks to patient Keoni Giauque.
For more information, visit: http://www.seattlechildrens.or....g/clinics-programs/n
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