In PRK the epithelium (top layer of the cornea) is scraped off and then the laser treatment is applied. A contact lens is used as a "bandage" to decrease discomfort. The epithelium then grows back over the bare area during the next few days.

In LASEK the epithelium is exposed to 20% alcohol which helps separate epithelium from the cornea. The epithelium is pushed to one side and laser treatment applied. The epithelial layer is replaced back onto the eye and held in place with a contact lens. The contact lens is then removed a few days later. LASEK is hence a "no knife"/flap operation.

Epi-Lasik is a similar procedure that uses a keratome like that used for Lasik, but engineered to only separate the epithelium. The epithelium is left on a hinge, laser treatment applied and flap replaced.

Apprehension-Relocation Test

The video will describe anatomial structures in a thoracic cavity as seen on a CT scan. Please see my website for disclaimer.

The video will describe what happens microscopically in streptococcal pneumonia. Please see my website for disclaimer.

Egyptian Conjoined Twins Surgery Part 2

Anterior vaginal wall relaxation (cystocele) is one of the most commonly diagnosed forms of pelvic organ prolapse in women. More than 200,000 cystocele repairs are completed yearly, however to date the procedures that are completed do not provide very high cure rates and/or poor anatomic outcomes. Successful treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse remains one of the most challenging aspects of pelvic reconstructive surgery we face. We have developed very good procedures that provide excellent support for the posterior wall (ie rectoceles) and the apex of the vagina (ie vaginal vault prolapse) and reproduce normal anatomy. We were one of the first centers in the country to utilize grafts in rectocele repairs and have seen improved cure rates to over 90% with minimal complications. It has been known for many years that abdominal sacralcolpopexy with placement of a mesh graft at the top of the vagina for vaginal vault prolapse is the most successful procedure in the literature. We have made advancements with this procedure as well in being able to offer our patients a laparoscopic minimally invasive approach for sacralcolpopexy, with the same excellent cure rates (>92%) and with hospital stays typically less than 24 hours and reduced complications. However the anterior wall has been one of the most difficult compartments in the vagina to get good anatomic results and high cure rates with traditional repairs and at the same time not cause sexual dysfunction, pain with intercourse, voiding dysfunction (ie incontinence or urgency/frequency syndrome), or a shortened or scarred down vagina. The transobturator approach was developed as a less invasive way to place an anterior wall graft (see below) however this still involved blind needle passes and the graft did not support the apex of the vagina, therefore the search for improvements in these procedures is ongoing.

This is another funny video we made regarding the use of Intermittent catheters. If you would like more information regarding our Service Plus Program( where we ship directly to your home and bill your Health Insurance), call 800-747-0246 or visit www.colonialmed.com

Medically: Pain with Intercourse; the medical reason and dealing with pain during intercourse.

Pancreatic cancer

In this video a real case of the extremely rare disease "Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva" or what is called the "FOP" This disease is commonly misdiagnosed and usually end up by unnecessary surgery which exaggerate the disease. Children born with FOP characteristically have deformed great toes, possibly missing a joint or simply presenting with a notable lump at the minor joint. The first "flare-up" that leads to the formation of FOP bones usually occurs before the age of 10. FOP is a genetic disease. The bone growth progresses from the top downward, just as bones grow in fetuses. A child with FOP will typically develop bones starting at the neck, then on the shoulders, arms, chest area and finally on the feet. However it does not necessarily occur in this order due to injury-caused flare-ups. Often, the tumor-like lumps that characterize the disease appear suddenly. The gene that causes ossification is normally deactivated after a fetus' bones are formed in the womb, but in patients with FOP, the gene keeps working. Aberrant bone formation in patients with FOP occurs when injured connective tissue or muscle cells at the sites of injury or growth incorrectly express an enzyme for bone repair during apoptosis (self-regulated cell death), resulting in lymphocytes containing excess bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) provided during the immune system response. Since the incorrect enzyme remains unresolved within the immune response, the body continues providing the incorrect BMP4-containing lymphocytes. BMP4 is a product that contributes to the development of the skeleton in the normal embryo.

Squmaous Cell Carcinoma Of Scalp Challenging Cases & Controversial Questions with a focus on Mohs frozen section histology and pathology. Visit us @ www.skincancercentre.com.

USMLE Step 2 CS - BPH - This is just preview video. To get full access please visit our website : www.usmletutoring.com

Immunohistochemistry or IHC refers to the process of detecting antigens (e.g., proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues.[1] IHC takes its name from the roots "immuno," in reference to antibodies used in the procedure, and "histo," meaning tissue (compare to immunocytochemistry). Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. Specific molecular markers are characteristic of particular cellular events such as proliferation or cell death (apoptosis). IHC is also widely used in basic research to understand the distribution and localization of biomarkers and differentially expressed proteins in different parts of a biological tissue. Visualising an antibody-antigen interaction can be accomplished in a number of ways. In the most common instance, an antibody is conjugated to an enzyme, such as peroxidase, that can catalyse a colour-producing reaction. Alternatively, the antibody can also be tagged to a fluorophore, such as fluorescein or rhodamine

The lasting physical and emotional effects of a stroke can take a large toll on patients as well as family members with many stroke survivors needing to learn how to walk, talk and perform basic daily activities all over again.

Penicllin mechanism of action

Anatomy of The Infratemporal Fossa

Histology of Epiglottis

Histology of Heart Purkinje Fibers

Histology of Urinary Bladder

Histology of Seminal Vescicles