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Sialorrhea Injection Site Identification
Sialorrhea Injection Site Identification samer kareem 7,044 Views • 2 years ago

Sialorrhea or excessive drooling is a major issue in children with cerebral palsy and adults with neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we describe the clinical features, anatomy and physiology of sialorrhea, as well as a review of the world literature on medical treatment using Yale University’s search engine; including but not limited to Medline and Erasmus. Level of drug efficacy is defined according to the guidelines of American Academy of Neurology. Current medical management is unsatisfactory. Topical agents (scopolamine and tropicamide) and oral agents (glyccopyrolate) combined render a level B evidence (probably effective); however, this treatment is associated with troublesome side effects. Double-blind and placebo-controlled studies of botulinum toxin (BoNT) provide a level A evidence for type B (two class I studies; effective and established) and both overall and individual B level of evidence for OnabotulinumtoxinA (A/Ona) and AbobotulinumtoxinA (A/Abo); these are probably effective. For IncobotulinumtoxinA (A/Inco), the level of evidence is U (insufficient) due to lack of blinded studies. Side effects are uncommon; transient and comparable between the two types of toxin. A clinical note at the end of this review comments on fine clinical points. Administration of BoNTs into salivary glands is currently the most effective way of treating sialorrhea.

Diseases and Disorders of the Nails
Diseases and Disorders of the Nails samer kareem 3,710 Views • 2 years ago

Diseases and Disorders of the Nails

Cardiac Axis in 5 min
Cardiac Axis in 5 min samer kareem 14,723 Views • 2 years ago

It then spreads down the bundle of his and then purkinje fibres to cause ventricular contraction. So when viewing the heart from the front, the direction of depolarisation is 11 o'clock to 5 o'clock. The general direction of depolarisation is known as the cardiac axis.

Intelligent People Have Fewer Friends, Here's Why...
Intelligent People Have Fewer Friends, Here's Why... samer kareem 1,775 Views • 2 years ago

Intelligent People Have Fewer Friends, Here's Why...

Motion Sickness
Motion Sickness samer kareem 1,886 Views • 2 years ago

You get motion sickness when one part of your balance-sensing system (your inner ear , eyes, and sensory nerves) senses that your body is moving, but the other parts don't. For example, if you are in the cabin of a moving ship, your inner ear may sense the motion of waves, but your eyes don't see any movement.

Waardenburg Syndrome
Waardenburg Syndrome samer kareem 2,234 Views • 2 years ago

Waardenburg syndrome is a group of genetic conditions that can cause hearing loss and changes in coloring (pigmentation) of the hair, skin, and eyes. Although most people with Waardenburg syndrome have normal hearing, moderate to profound hearing loss can occur in one or both ears. The hearing loss is present from birth (congenital). People with this condition often have very pale blue eyes or different colored eyes, such as one blue eye and one brown eye. Sometimes one eye has segments of two different colors. Distinctive hair coloring (such as a patch of white hair or hair that prematurely turns gray) is another common sign of the condition. The features of Waardenburg syndrome vary among affected individuals, even among people in the same family.

Why Do We Vomit?
Why Do We Vomit? samer kareem 5,285 Views • 2 years ago

The timing of the nausea or vomiting can indicate the cause. When appearing shortly after a meal, nausea or vomiting may be caused by food poisoning, gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining), an ulcer, or bulimia. Nausea or vomiting one to eight hours after a meal may also indicate food poisoning.

How Much Salt Do Humans Need?
How Much Salt Do Humans Need? samer kareem 3,966 Views • 2 years ago

1500 mg of sodium amounts to 0.75 teaspoons or 3.75 grams of salt per day, while 2300 mg amounts to one teaspoon or 6 grams of salt per day. Most people today are eating much more than that. The average intake of sodium is about 3400 mg, most of it coming from processed foods.

Bone Pain Causes
Bone Pain Causes samer kareem 4,559 Views • 2 years ago

Bone pain: Pain is the most common sign of bone cancer, and may become more noticeable as the tumor grows. Bone pain can cause a dull or deep ache in a bone or bone region (e.g., back, pelvis, legs, ribs, arms). Early on, the pain may only occur at night, or when you are active.

Adrenoleukodystrophy
Adrenoleukodystrophy samer kareem 4,159 Views • 2 years ago

Adrenoleukodystrophy, or ALD, is a deadly genetic disease that affects 1 in 18 000 people. It most severely affects boys and men. This brain disorder destroys myelin, the protective sheath that surrounds the brain's neurons -- the nerve cells that allow us to think and to control our muscles.

Adrenoleukodystrophy explained.
Adrenoleukodystrophy explained. samer kareem 4,247 Views • 2 years ago

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy is a genetic disorder that occurs primarily in males. It mainly affects the nervous system and the adrenal glands, which are small glands located on top of each kidney. In this disorder, the fatty covering (myelin) that insulates nerves in the brain and spinal cord is prone to deterioration (demyelination), which reduces the ability of the nerves to relay information to the brain. In addition, damage to the outer layer of the adrenal glands (adrenal cortex) causes a shortage of certain hormones (adrenocortical insufficiency). Adrenocortical insufficiency may cause weakness, weight loss, skin changes, vomiting, and coma.

Best Timing and Sexual positions to get pregnant fast
Best Timing and Sexual positions to get pregnant fast samer kareem 2,387 Views • 2 years ago

You may have heard that some positions, such as your partner on top (missionary position), are better than others for getting pregnant. In fact, there's no evidence to back these theories up. Experts just haven't done the research yet. What experts have done, though, is use scanning to show what's going on inside when you're doing the deed. The research looked at two positions: the missionary position and doggy style. (Doggy style being when you're on all fours, and your partner enters you from behind). Common sense tells us that these positions allow for deep penetration. This means that they're more likely to place sperm right next to your cervix (the opening of your uterus). The scans confirm that the tip of the penis reaches the areas between the cervix and vaginal walls in both of these positions. The missionary position allows the penis to reach the area at the front of the cervix. The rear entry position reaches the area at back of the cervix. It's amazing what some experts spend their time doing, isn't it! Other positions, such as standing up, or woman on top, may be just as good for getting sperm right next to the cervix. We just don't know yet. http://www.babycentre.co.uk/sex-for-getting-pregnant#ixzz4XKnPLbxL

Medical Marijuana and Parkinson's
Medical Marijuana and Parkinson's samer kareem 16,614 Views • 2 years ago

See the effects of cannabis first hand, unedited, on Parkinson's tremor dyskinesia, and voice.

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency samer kareem 3,260 Views • 2 years ago

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency is typically secondary to emboli, thrombi, or arterial dissection. The labyrinth and brainstem are commonly affected, and symptoms may include vertigo, dizziness, dysarthria, diplopia, and numbness.

Necrotizing Fasciitis Management
Necrotizing Fasciitis Management samer kareem 5,666 Views • 2 years ago

patient has fever, hypotension, swelling, and erythema of his left leg. Notably, his leg is more painful to palpation than might be expected after visual inspection. These symptoms are very concerning for necrotizing fasciitis. Necrotizing fasciitis is a fulminant infection of the subcutaneous tissue that spreads rapidly along the fascial planes and leads to extensive tissue necrosis and shock. Treatment • Requires surgical debridement & broad-spectrum antibiotics

Biological Aortic Heart Valve
Biological Aortic Heart Valve samer kareem 13,523 Views • 2 years ago

Bioprosthetic valves used in heart valve replacement generally offer functional properties that are more similar to those of native valves.

Dislocated Knee Replacing
Dislocated Knee Replacing samer kareem 59,029 Views • 2 years ago

This video has been shortened for quicker review of the procedure. This patient's knee was dislocated during a motor vehicle accident. In this video the reduction of the dislocated knee is demonstrated.

Eye Movement Terminology
Eye Movement Terminology samer kareem 13,993 Views • 2 years ago

Eye Movement Terminology

Connective tissue graft from the Palate
Connective tissue graft from the Palate samer kareem 19,249 Views • 2 years ago

Simple technique to harvest Connective tissue graft from the Palate.

Transthoracic Echocardiogram General
Transthoracic Echocardiogram General samer kareem 6,791 Views • 2 years ago

Probes, landmarks, and general windows to obtain transthoracic echo views

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