Bronchiectasis is an abnormal dilation of the proximal and medium-sized bronchi (>2 mm in diameter) caused by weakening or destruction of the muscular and elastic components of the bronchial walls. Affected areas may show a variety of changes, including transmural inflammation, edema, scarring, and ulceration, among other findings. Distal lung parenchyma may also be damaged secondary to persistent microbial infection and frequent postobstructive pneumonia. Bronchiectasis can be congenital but is most often acquired.[9] Congenital bronchiectasis usually affects infants and children. These cases result from developmental arrest of the bronchial tree. Acquired forms occur in adults and older children and require an infectious insult, impairment of drainage, airway obstruction, and/or a defect in host defense. The tissue is also damaged in part by the host response of neutrophilic proteases, inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and oxygen radicals. This results in damage to the muscular and elastic components of the bronchial wall. Additionally, peribronchial alveolar tissue may be damaged, resulting in diffuse peribronchial fibrosis.[12] The result is abnormal bronchial dilatation with bronchial wall destruction and transmural inflammation. The most important functional finding of altered airway anatomy is severely impaired clearance of secretions from the bronchial tree. Impaired clearance of secretions causes colonization and infection with pathogenic organisms, contributing to the purulent expectoration commonly observed in patients with bronchiectasis. The result is further bronchial damage and a vicious cycle of bronchial damage, bronchial dilation, impaired clearance of secretions, recurrent infection, and more bronchial damage

In this video, Dr Dhaval Patel, the best brain & spine surgeon in Surat South Gujarat, is performing Brain Hemorrhage Surgery. The Brain Hemorrhage Surgery was successfully done by the best neurosurgeon Dr Dhaval Patel in the midnight in Surat, South Gujarat.

Dr Dhaval Patel is the best and experienced brain & spine surgeon in Adajan, Vesu, Parvat Patiya, Surat, South Gujarat. Dr Dhaval is the expert of treatments and surgery for brain problems and spine problems.
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Brain Hemorrhage Surgery, Best Brain & Spine Surgeon, Neurosurgeon, Brain Tumor Surgery, Brain Treatment Expert, Brain Expert, Brain & Spine Surgery, Neurosurgery in Surat, South Gujarat, Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Anand, Porbandar, patan, kutch, jamnagar, bhavnagar, junagadh, mehsana, nadiad, amreli, morbi, gandhinagar, verval, palanpur,godhra, gandhidham, botad, jetpur, kundal, kalol, disha, gondal, himatnagar, bhuj, modasa, lonavala, mandavi, kheda, khambhaliya, khambhat, dwarka, chhota udaipur, ambaji, dhoraji, idar, vallabhipur, una, dhandhuka, bhachau, mundra.

Dr. Dhaval Patel is an excellent neurosurgeon in Surat, South Gujarat. He is a Brain and Spine Surgeon; he is a reputable Neurosurgeon in Surat, South Gujarat. He has been practicing for the past five years. Till now, he has done 2500+ minor and major surgeries.

NEUROSURGEON DR. DHAVAL PATEL
Specialist in Brain & Spine Surgery
M.S.DNB (Neurosurgery - New Delhi)
Consultant Neurosurgeon

Surat Neuro Clinic Majura Gate, Ring Road, Surat.
Unity Hospital Parvat Patiya, Surat
United Green Hospital Adajan, Surat.
For more info. : +91-9687866766

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The Hypertensive urgency must be distinguished from hypertensive emergency. Urgency is defined as severely elevated blood pressure (ie, systolic >220 mm Hg or diastolic >120 mm Hg) with no evidence of target organ damage.

UPDATE 2/6/15: A new version of this animation is now available! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1ljClS0DhM

This 3D medical animation depicts the surgical removal of the appendix (appendectomy) using laparoscopic instruments. The surgery animation begins by showing an inflamed appendix (appendicitis), followed by the placement of the laparoscope. Afterward, one can see the surgical device staple, cut and remove the inflamed appendix. Following the removal of the appendix the abdomen is flushed with a sterile saline solution to ensure all traces of infection have been removed.
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The is a time lapse video animation of a complicated ear infection with a ruptured eardrum causing drainage with eventual healing. The video also shows why a period of hearing loss and clogged/muffled ear sensation may occur.

Here's how female-to-male gender reassignment surgery works.

Electrical cardioversion is a procedure in which an electric current is used to reset the heart's rhythm back to its regular pattern (normal sinus rhythm). The low-voltage electric current enters the body through metal paddles or patches applied to the chest wall.

Types of breast cancer. The different types of breast cancer carry with them different prognosis and different treatment options

An ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a condition in which a fertilized egg settles and grows in any location other than the inner lining of the uterus. The vast majority of ectopic pregnancies are so-called tubal pregnancies and occur in the Fallopian tube.

Urinary incontinence isn't a disease, it's a symptom. It can be caused by everyday habits, underlying medical conditions or physical problems. A thorough evaluation by your doctor can help determine what's behind your incontinence. Temporary urinary incontinence Certain drinks, foods and medications can act as diuretics — stimulating your bladder and increasing your volume of urine. They include: Alcohol Caffeine Decaffeinated tea and coffee Carbonated drinks Artificial sweeteners Corn syrup Foods that are high in spice, sugar or acid, especially citrus fruits Heart and blood pressure medications, sedatives, and muscle relaxants Large doses of vitamins B or C Urinary incontinence also may be caused by an easily treatable medical condition, such as: Urinary tract infection. Infections can irritate your bladder, causing you to have strong urges to urinate, and sometimes incontinence. Other signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection include a burning sensation when you urinate and foul-smelling urine. Constipation. The rectum is located near the bladder and shares many of the same nerves. Hard, compacted stool in your rectum causes these nerves to be overactive and increase urinary frequency. Persistent urinary incontinence Urinary incontinence can also be a persistent condition caused by underlying physical problems or changes, including: Pregnancy. Hormonal changes and the increased weight of the uterus can lead to stress incontinence. Childbirth. Vaginal delivery can weaken muscles needed for bladder control and also damage bladder nerves and supportive tissue, leading to a dropped (prolapsed) pelvic floor. With prolapse, the bladder, uterus, rectum or small intestine can get pushed down from the usual position and protrude into the vagina. Such protrusions can be associated with incontinence. Changes with age. Aging of the bladder muscle can decrease the bladder's capacity to store urine. Menopause. After menopause women produce less estrogen, a hormone that helps keep the lining of the bladder and urethra healthy. Deterioration of these tissues can aggravate incontinence. Hysterectomy. In women, the bladder and uterus are supported by many of the same muscles and ligaments. Any surgery that involves a woman's reproductive system, including removal of the uterus, may damage the supporting pelvic floor muscles, which can lead to incontinence. Enlarged prostate. Especially in older men, incontinence often stems from enlargement of the prostate gland, a condition known as benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate cancer. In men, stress incontinence or urge incontinence can be associated with untreated prostate cancer. But more often, incontinence is a side effect of treatments for prostate cancer. Obstruction. A tumor anywhere along your urinary tract can block the normal flow of urine, leading to overflow incontinence. Urinary stones — hard, stone-like masses that form in the bladder — sometimes cause urine leakage. Neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, a brain tumor or a spinal injury can interfere with nerve signals involved in bladder control, causing urinary incontinence.

Airline travel. When you're pregnant, the safest time to travel is during your second trimester (18 to 24 weeks), when your risks for miscarriage and preterm labor are lowest. During your third trimester, it's best to stay within 300 miles of home, in case of sudden changes that need medical attention.

Watch that Full Human Body Decay Process Video

Surgery is an elective procedure done in people who have had extensive testing to decide if they are potential candidates. The following criteria are considered when determining if a person may be a good candidate for surgery. Person has failed adequate trials of two first-line seizure medicines (ones that are commonly effective in controlling the type of seizures the person is experiencing) and one combination of at least two drugs. A trial of a medication is considered adequate when it has been increased gradually to the maximum dosage that does not cause serious side effects. If the person has frequent seizures, any improvement will be obvious after a short time. If the seizures generally occur far apart, however, it may take months to determine whether a medication is helping. At some epilepsy centers, patients are offered additional conventional or experimental medications before surgery is considered. But research suggests that each time a trial of medication fails to control a person's seizures, it becomes less likely that a different medicine or combination will be successful. Since uncontrolled seizures present serious physical risks and social and psychological consequences, the trend these days is to proceed with surgery much sooner than in the past if it seems appropriate for that person.

Thigh pain is most often caused by injuries to bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, and other soft tissues or blood vessels. These injuries are often caused during sports competition, or strain from overuse, obesity, or pregnancy.

Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium of less than 135 Meq per litre and occurs in upto 22 % of hospitalised patients. The causes of hyponatremia may be understood based on the pre-existing volume status of the patient which may either be hypovolemic, euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia. This presentation discusses in detail, the causes of these underlying conditions. Also mentioned are the clinical features and management options and therapeutic sodium targets in patients with hyponatremia. Drugs such as demeclocycline and vaptans (Tolvaptan, Conivaptan) are also mentioned as management options which may be used on a case to case basis. Finally, the all important targets of sodium correction over 24 hours are also mentioned, along with a practical formula for calculation of sodium deficit which is explained with an example.

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In this video “How To Do An IM (Intramuscular) Injection” you will learn about:
►the steps in the administration of intramuscular medications
►the angle to position the syringe while administering an intramuscular injection
►the landmark to administer an intramuscular injection in the deltoid muscle
►5 tips for the safe administration of an intramuscular medication
►the steps of the Z-track method for intramuscular injections
►the role of aspirating blood during an intramuscular injection and evaluate whether this practice is currently in use

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► THE PROF: Samantha Rhea MSN, RN has been a nurse since 2008 and a nursing faculty teacher since 2012. She has been recognized for clinical excellence as an interventional cardiology nurse and also led a Joint Commission Accredited Stroke Center. Ms. Rhea is an award-winning expert in clinical teaching and continues to maintain a current clinical practice and teaches at a University nursing program.

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In this video, Dr. Joe Bresee, with CDC's Influenza Division, describes the symptoms of H1N1 (swine flu) and warning signs to look for that indicate the need for urgent medical attention.

This video is brought to you by the Stanford Medicine 25 to teach you the common causes of shoulder pain and how to diagnose them by the physical exam.

The Stanford Medicine 25 program for bedside medicine at the Stanford School of Medicine aims to promote the culture of bedside medicine to make current and future clinicians and other healthcare provides better at the art of physical diagnosis and more confident at the bedside of their patients.

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Diagnoses covered in this video:
Rotator Cuff Pathology
Impingement Syndrome
Biceps Tendinopathy
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Disease
Shoulder Instability
Labral Tears (SLAP Lesions)

The most common symptoms of infection from animal bites are redness, pain, swelling, and inflammation at the site of the bite. You should seek immediate medical treatment if any of these symptoms continue for more than 24 hours. Other symptoms of infection include: pus or fluid oozing from the wound

Ophthalmoscopy - Eye Clinical Examination - OSCE - Dr Gill

Direct Ophthalmoscopy use of the eyes is a very challenging clinical skill, incorporating both the examiner's knowledge of the retina, but also understanding the use of the ophthalmoscope

In this clinical skills tutorial, we look at the use of the direct ophthalmoscope as part of an ophthalmic examination

it should be noted that in the ideal circumstances, the room lights will be dimmed during the examination, and dilating eye drops used to improve the visualisation of the fundus

Some people may notice an ASMR effect from this clinical examination

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