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Multiple Myeloma Mechanism of Action
Multiple Myeloma Mechanism of Action samer kareem 1,499 Views • 2 years ago

The pathobiology of MM is complex and the root underlying cause of myeloma is the multistep genetic changes in the postgerminal center B cell. In addition, the bone marrow microenvironment plays a crucial role.[2] The interaction between myeloma cells and the microenvironment is mediated through adhesive interactions via cell-surface receptors, paracrine loops involving several cytokines, such as IL-6, VEGF and IL-10, and suppression of cell-mediated immunity.[2–4] IMiDs modulate many of these interactions leading to decreased myeloma cell growth and survival. Thalidomide was the first IMiD introduced to treat MM. It was initially synthesized in Germany in the late 1950s to treat insomnia and morning sickness. It was withdrawn from the market in 1961 because of its teratogenic effects. Its immunomodulatory properties were realized when it was observed to improve erythema nodosum leprosum, a painful immunologic reaction of leprosy, leading to its approval by the FDA in 1998 with tight prescribing and marketing regulations. Subsequent research showed the diverse mechanism of action of thalidomide including its immunomodulatory effect by inhibition of de novo IgM antibody synthesis,[5] modulation of the T-cell subset by increasing the T-helper cells, inhibitory effects on the TNF-α and antiangiogenic activity leading to its use in MM. Significantly higher response rates in combination with dexamethasone led to its approval in the treatment of newly diagnosed MM in 2006. Lenalidomide, a second-generation IMiD, was developed from the structural backbone of the thalidomide molecule by the addition of an amino group (NH2-) at position 4 of the phthaloyl ring and removal of the carbonyl group (C = O) of the 4-amino-substituted phthaloyl ring (Table 1).[6] In addition to immunomodulatory effects, other mechanisms of action have been described such as direct cytotoxicity via induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell adhesion molecules and inhibition of growth signals that promote bone marrow angiogenesis

Dependent Personality Disorder Information
Dependent Personality Disorder Information Harvard_Student 8,006 Views • 2 years ago

Dependent Personality Disorder Information

Medical Female Breast Exam
Medical Female Breast Exam M_Nabil 189,707 Views • 2 years ago

Medical Female Breast Exam

Medical Videos - Functional Neck Dissection Surgery
Medical Videos - Functional Neck Dissection Surgery hooda 23,594 Views • 2 years ago

Watch that Functional Neck Dissection Surgery

Laser Eye Surgery (LASIK)
Laser Eye Surgery (LASIK) Surgeon 318 Views • 2 years ago

For Employees of Hospitals, Schools, Universities and Libraries: Download 8 FREE medical animations from Nucleus by signing up for a free trial: http://nmal.nucleusmedicalmedi....a.com/free-trial-mem

Biology students: Subscribe to the Nucleus Biology channel to see new animations on biology and other science topics, plus short quizzes to ace your next exam: https://bit.ly/3lH1CzV

This medical animation depicts Laser Eye Surgery, a procedure that permanently changes the shape of the cornea, the clear covering over the front of the eye.
#lasik #eye #cornea
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Esophageal tear with ulcer
Esophageal tear with ulcer samer kareem 2,518 Views • 2 years ago

anatomy of human (china)
anatomy of human (china) 100doctor 31,845 Views • 2 years ago

The language is chinese mandarin(Putonghua)

Abdominal Examination
Abdominal Examination Doctor 147,322 Views • 2 years ago

inspection, auscultation and palpation

Total Contact Cast for Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Total Contact Cast for Diabetic Foot Ulcers samer kareem 11,125 Views • 2 years ago

Total Contact Casting is the gold standard for treating diabetic foot ulcers; it's the most evidence-based treatment available. The Wound Care team at IU Health Methodist Hospital provides custom Total Contact Casting that completely offloads the wound, allowing it to heal in a matter of weeks.

Nursing Skill Check: Wound Care Dressing Change
Nursing Skill Check: Wound Care Dressing Change nurse 92 Views • 2 years ago

Nursing skills lab procedure for wound care dressing change with irrigation and packing.

Surprising Facts About High Blood Pressure
Surprising Facts About High Blood Pressure samer kareem 2,028 Views • 2 years ago

Surprising Facts About High Blood PressureMust

Atlas of Pediatric Surgical Techniques
Atlas of Pediatric Surgical Techniques hooda 109 Views • 2 years ago

This title in the new Surgical Techniques Atlas series presents state-of-the-art updates on the full range of pediatric surgical techniques performed today. Expand your repertoire and hone your clinical skills thanks to the expert advice, procedural videos, and online access at expertconsult.com. For more information, please visit http://www.us.elsevierhealth.com/product.jsp?sid=EHS_US_BS-SPE-59&isbn=9781416046899&dmnum=null&elsca1=CriticalCare&elsca2=soc_med&elsca3=null&elsca4=youtube_ELSpromovideos

Doctor distracts baby from her shots with goofy tune
Doctor distracts baby from her shots with goofy tune samer kareem 2,843 Views • 2 years ago

Tracheal Deviation Technique
Tracheal Deviation Technique Mohamed Ibrahim 13,803 Views • 2 years ago

Tracheal Deviation Technique

Duodenal Atresia
Duodenal Atresia samer kareem 5,897 Views • 2 years ago

Duodenal atresia, also known as duodenojejunal atresia, is the congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum. It causes increased levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy (polyhydramnios) and intestinal obstruction in newborn babies.

Korean model disfigured after cooking oil injection
Korean model disfigured after cooking oil injection hooda 22,139 Views • 2 years ago

Watch that video of a Korean model disfigured after cooking oil injections

Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Surgeon 133 Views • 2 years ago

It used to be when a woman needed a hysterectomy she could expect full abdominal surgery with a long recovery time. Dr. Melissa Lee uses less invasive methods that can cut the patients downtime in half.

"We were trained in more laparoscopic and minimally invasive cases so of course that's what I'm more comfortable with doing right now."

She sees a new generation of patients opting for laparoscopic surgery.

"Laparoscopy is the use of small cameras with small incisions and instruments that are guided by the hand, and you're able to see directly into the abdomen without actually fully opening the abdomen," says Dr. Lee, an obstetrician-gynecologist with Lee Memorial Health System.

Nowadays, even a large mass or uterus can be removed using the slender tools.

"There are multiple different laparoscopic instruments that you can use. Whether they're blunt dissections or just dissectors that hold and retract back or actual scissors or cutting instruments, there are multiple different options," says Dr. Lee.

While a standard abdominal hysterectomy requires a four to eight inch incision, the laparoscope needs only a quarter to half inch. It's enough to make a big difference in terms of recovery.

"They're able to get up and move around faster. They're able to recover faster, their pain level and their need for pain medicine is much lower," says Dr. Lee.

The laparoscopic procedure also cuts down on scarring and more importantly, shortens the hospital stay. The trend now is home within 24 hours.

"Where the patient is done early in the morning, they're doing well they're tolerating oral intake they're able to getup and move around. And those patients a lot of times will feel comfortable to go home that same nigh after a major surgery," says Dr. Lee.

New studies show women who've had a laparoscopic hysterectomy viewed their quality of life as better than those who had an open abdominal procedure, making this a good option for the right patient.

View More Health Matters video segments at leememorial.org/healthmatters/

Lee Memorial Health System in Fort Myers, FL is the largest network of medical care facilities in Southwest Florida and is highly respected for its expertise, innovation and quality of care. For nearly a century, we've been providing our community with everything from primary care treatment to highly specialized care services and robotic assisted surgeries.

Visit leememorial.org

Heart Conduction System
Heart Conduction System samer kareem 7,985 Views • 2 years ago

The cardiac conduction system is a group of specialized cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract. The main components of the cardiac conduction system are the SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

Gastroscopy procedure
Gastroscopy procedure samer kareem 9,755 Views • 2 years ago

A gastroscopy is a procedure where a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is used to look inside the oesophagus (gullet), stomach and first part of the small intestine (duodenum). It's also sometimes referred to as an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The endoscope has a light and a camera at one end.

Breast Exam After Breast implants
Breast Exam After Breast implants Alicia Berger 47,226 Views • 2 years ago

A video showing breast examination after breast implants

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