With keratoconus, the clear, dome-shaped tissue that covers the eye (cornea) thins and bulges outward into a cone shape. Its cause is unknown. Symptoms first appear during puberty or the late teens and include blurred vision and sensitivity to light and glare. Vision can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses early on. Advanced cases may require a cornea transplant.

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when a pelvic organ-such as your bladder-drops (prolapses) from its normal place in your lower belly and pushes against the walls of your vagina. This can happen when the muscles that hold your pelvic organs in place get weak or stretched from childbirth or surgery.

This Basic Laparoscopic Surgery: Abdominal Access and Trocar Introduction course will teach you the steps of Laparoscopic Surgery. View the full course for free by signing up on our website: https://www.incision.care/

What is Laparoscopic Surgery:
Laparoscopic surgery describes procedures performed using one or multiple small incisions in the abdominal wall in contrast to the larger, normally singular incision of laparotomy. The technique is based around principles of minimally invasive surgery (or minimal access surgery): a large group of modern surgical procedures carried out by entering the body with the smallest possible damage to tissues. In abdominopelvic surgery, minimally invasive surgery is generally treated as synonymous with laparoscopic surgery as are procedures not technically within the peritoneal cavity, such as totally extraperitoneal hernia repair, or extending beyond the abdomen, such as thoraco-laparoscopic esophagectomy. The term laparoscopy is sometimes used interchangeably, although this is often reserved to describe a visual examination of the peritoneal cavity or the purely scopic component of a laparoscopic procedure. The colloquial keyhole surgery is common in non-medical usage.

Surgical Objective of Laparoscopic Surgery:
The objective of a laparoscopic approach is to minimize surgical trauma when operating on abdominal or pelvic structures. When correctly indicated and performed, this can result in smaller scars, reduced postoperative morbidity, shorter inpatient durations, and a faster return to normal activity. For a number of abdominopelvic procedures, a laparoscopic approach is now generally considered to be the gold-standard treatment option.
Definitions

Developments of Laparoscopic Surgery:
Following a number of smaller-scale applications of minimally invasive techniques to abdominopelvic surgery, laparoscopic surgery became a major part of general surgical practice with the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the 1980s and the subsequent pioneering of endoscopic camera technology. This led to the widespread adoption of the technique by the early- to mid-1990s. The portfolio of procedures that can be performed laparoscopically has rapidly expanded with improvements in instruments, imaging, techniques and training — forming a central component of modern surgical practice and cross-specialty curricula [2]. Techniques such as laparoscopically assisted surgery and hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery have allowed the application of laparoscopic techniques to a greater variety of pathology. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, and minilaparoscopy-assisted natural orifice surgery continue to push forward the applications of minimally invasive abdominopelvic techniques; however, the widespread practice and specific indications for these remain to be fully established. More recently, robotic surgery has been able to build on laparoscopic principles through developments in visualization, ergonomics, and instrumentation.

This Basic Laparoscopic Surgery: Abdominal Access and Trocar Introduction course will teach you:
- How to access the abdomen using an open, closed, and direct optical-entry technique
- Principles underlying safe abdominal insufflation
- The vascular anatomy of the abdominal wall and its implications for trocar placement
- How to introduce trocars into the peritoneal cavity
- The principle of triangulation and how this can be applied to organizing a laparoscopic surgical field

Specific attention is given to these hazards you may encounter:
- Intravascular, intraluminal, or extraperitoneal needle position
- Limitations of a closed introduction technique
- Abdominal surgical history
- Limitations of an open introduction technique
- Optical trocar entry in thin individuals
- Visualization of non-midline structures
- Limitations of direct optical-entry techniques
- Limitations of clinical examination to confirm intraperitoneal insufflation
- Leakage of insufflation gas

These tips are designed to help you improve your understanding and performance:
- Alternative left upper quadrant approach
- Testing Veress needle before use
- Lifting the abdominal wall for Veress needle introduction
- "Hanging-drop test"
- Palmer's test
- Confirming intra-abdominal insufflation
- Subcutaneous tissue retraction
- Anatomy of the umbilicus
- Retraction of abdominal wall fascia
- Finger sweep of anterior abdominal wall
- Lifting the abdominal wall for optical trocar introduction
- Identification of venous bleeding at the end of a procedure
- Identification of inferior epigastric vessels by direct vision
- Peritoneal folds of the anterior abdominal wall
- Transillumination of superficial epigastric vessels
- Infiltration of local anesthetic at port sites
- Aiming of trocars
- Selection of trocar size
- Maintaining direct vision

Musculoskeletal Physical Examination Lecture

LASIK eye procedure for correcting vision

Hydatid Cyst Removal from the brain

Use warm water and sea salt. Soak the wart for 10 to 15 minutes in warm salt water to moisten the skin. Scrape the dead skin layers off the wart using a nail file, pumice stone or mild sandpaper. You could also use your fingers, but wash them thoroughly before and after, as warts can easily spread.

Animation explaining the pancreatic auto islet transplantation process with complete removal of the pancreas to treat pancreatitis.

UPDATE 1/30/15: Watch the updated version of this animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVP6JngpgEE

This 3D medical animation shows how adhesions in the abdomen may cause complications. These problems may include obstruction, twisting, and dislocating areas of the small intestine. Adhesions can be separated with laparoscopic instruments.

ANH00037

Minimally invasive parotid surgery techniques are currently utilized here in Atlanta by our practice to allow the same operation to be performed with no permanent visible incision on the face or the neck. In addition to being more cosmetically appealing, this approach is less painful and allows the procedure to be performed as an outpatient. Most patients take pain medication for only a day or two after surgery.

This is the incredible moment a new-born baby arrived still inside its amniotic sac, completely intact. The tiny infant can be seen moving and stretching still inside the sac, as medics prepare to snip the new born free. The amniotic sac is a thin but durable membrane filled with fluid which helps keep a baby warm and safe from bumps during pregnancy. When it breaks, this is typically referred to as a woman's 'waters breaking' shortly before she gives birth. But in rare cases, less than 1-in-80,000 births, the baby is delivered with the membranes still intact and this is known as a 'caul birth'. Some babies are born with part of the membrane still attached to them, but to be born completely encased in the intact membrane is incredibly rare. Many people still believe the phenomenon to be a good omen for the child's infancy and it is has even been suggested, but not proven, that caul babies will always have a natural affinity for water. The video was taken in Spain on Saturday and captures the rare moment the baby was born with the membrane covering its entire body, just minutes after its twin was delivered normally.

Purse String Suture

A video showing surgery for hydrocele

How to Use Tampons for The First Time Demo Video

The usual reason given for people getting fat is that they eat too much and/or exercise too little. That reflects one of the basic laws of thermodynamics—I forget which one. The amount of energy you put into a system minus the energy you take out has to be stored somewhere i.e. FAT! This formulation—true though it is—does not entirely explain obesity since some people seem to eat more than fat people and exercise no more than these same fat people, and yet they are not fat! Chalking this fact up to the general perversity of the universe is not sufficient explanation. Other factors must come into play. I mention below some of the ideas thoughtful people have proposed to explain why fat people become fat:

a disease in which the body’s ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine.

McRoberts Maneuver for Shoulder Dystocia Birth

Ganglion cysts are noncancerous lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of your wrists or hands. They also may occur in the ankles and feet. Ganglion cysts are typically round or oval and are filled with a jellylike fluid. Small ganglion cysts can be pea-sized, while larger ones can be around an inch (2.5 centimeters) in diameter. Ganglion cysts can be painful if they press on a nearby nerve. Their location can sometimes interfere with joint movement. If your ganglion cyst is causing you problems, your doctor may suggest trying to drain the cyst with a needle. Removing the cyst surgically also is an option. But if you have no symptoms, no treatment is necessary. In many cases, the cysts go away on their own.