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The pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates the pelvic cavity above from the perineal region (including perineum) below.
The right and left levator ani lie almost horizontally in the floor of the pelvis, separated by a narrow gap that transmits the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The levator ani is usually considered in three parts: pubococcygeus, puborectalis, and iliococcygeus. The pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator, runs backward from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx and may be damaged during parturition. Some fibers are inserted into the prostate, urethra, and vagina. The right and left puborectalis unite behind the anorectal junction to form a muscular sling . Some regard them as a part of the sphincter ani externus. The iliococcygeus, the most posterior part of the levator ani, is often poorly developed.
The coccygeus, situated behind the levator ani and frequently tendinous as much as muscular, extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx.
The pelvic cavity of the true pelvis has the pelvic floor as its inferior border (and the pelvic brim as its superior border.) The perineum has the pelvic floor as its superior border.
Some sources do not consider “pelvic floor” and “pelvic diaphragm” to be identical, with the “diaphragm” consisting of only the levator ani and coccygeus, while the “floor” also includes the perineal membrane and deep perineal pouch.
There's a small area called the Grafenberg spot, or G-spot, inside the vagina. It's located about an inch or so inside the vaginal opening on the upper vaginal wall — closest to the bellybutton. The G-spot is sexually sensitive and swells slightly during arousal and feels raised or bumpy
Tuberous breast deformity is a congenital breast anomaly that becomes manifest at the time of puberty and breast development. The three components of tubular deformity usually include, pseudoherniation of breast tissue into the nipple areolar complex, poorly defined inframammary fold and flattening of the lower pole of the breast which leads to a conical tubular shape. Stuart Linder M.D. 9675 BRIGHTON WAY, SUITE 420 BEVERLY HILLS CA 90210 (310) 275-4513
"I’m essentially taking care of the baby right now to give them 60 or 70 or 80 years of life so I have to perform my best every time. Every single time. That is a commitment that I have to the parents."
The highest standard. That’s what cardiothoracic surgeon Sergio Carrillo demands of himself every time he steps into the OR. Dr. Carrillo and his Heart Center team at Nationwide Children’s Hospital treat patients with congenital heart disease with the simplest to the most complex procedures.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as progressive, chronic airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both. The majority of patients have components of both, although one of these entities will frequently dominate the clinical picture. Emphysema�airspace enlargement distal to the terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar septa. Chronic bronchitis�chronic airway inflammation and bronchospasm. Clinically defined as productive cough lasting for at least 3 mo over 2 consecutive years. Although COPD is irreversible, patients with acute exacerbations do have reversible bronchospastic and inflammatory components.
Butt implants are a popular plastic surgery procedure among those who wish to enhance the appearance, shape, and size of their rear ends. Buttock augmentation involves the surgical insertion of artificial body implants into a patient’s buttocks to create a larger, shapelier, and more sensuous rear end. Patients who have underdeveloped buttocks can achieve a more proportionate figure with butt implants. Women who wish to achieve an “hour glass” figure or are unhappy with the size of their buttocks can benefit from female butt implants. Men with flat or poorly developed buttocks can enhance the shape of the area to their liking with male butt implants. Many buttock augmentation patients say that their clothes fit better, they feel more attractive, and their confidence levels have improved.
Shane Shapiro, M.D., orthopedic physician at Mayo Clinic in Florida, performs a bone marrow aspiration and concentration for BMAC/stem cell injection into arthritic knees. This procedure is part of a Mayo Clinic IRB approved, FDA monitored clinical research trial which can be searched on at http://ClinicalTrials.gov.
Mayo Clinic and the Mayo Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics is studying biologically based non-surgical treatments for osteoarthritis. One such treatment is the harvesting of the patient's own stem cells from their bone marrow.
"In our procedure we draw cellular rich bone marrow from both sides of the pelvis. We then filter the resulting product and concentrate the stem cells and their corresponding growth factors. Using an ultrasound to image the knee joint, we are then able to precisely inject the cells into the arthritic knee. We are currently demonstrating that this procedure is safe and can relieve pain. We also hope to be able to slow the progression of the degenerative joint disease and perhaps one day regrow cartilage in the arthritic joint."
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Hear Dr. Shapiro discus this procedure in detail here: http://youtu.be/8Djpsc66hKI
Learn more about the Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Biotherapeutics here: http://goo.gl/rnRdtU
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A computed tomography (CT) scan uses a special X-ray machine to take detailed pictures of the body’s organs and tissues. In a biopsy, a small piece of tissue is removed from your body. This tissue sample is then examined in the lab. A needle biopsy is the safest and easiest way to remove this tissue safely from the body. To do a needle biopsy, the radiologist will insert a needle through your skin and into your tissue. A syringe or an automated needle may be used to take the tissue sample.
A hematoma is a common complication of surgical procedures. A large, expanding hematoma can result in necrosis of the overlying skin (1,2) or adjacent subcutaneous fat, increased incidence of infection, scarring, skin hyperpigmentation, tissue edema and a prolonged convalescence.
Ettore Vulcano, MD, Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgeon at Mount Sinai West, discusses a new minimally invasive bunion surgery that has patients walking immediately after surgery, and getting back to an active lifestyle much quicker than with the traditional surgery.
Lumpectomy means that a focal area of cancer is going to be removed. A lot of patients with a lumpectomy don’t need any specific breast reconstruction, explains Dr. Miguel Angel Medina, Director of Microsurgery with Miami Cancer Institute.
Al the end of surgical treatment, all those patients go on to need radiation therapy. For patients who have large breasts, physicians have to take a larger lumpectomy than normal.