A cornea transplant, also called keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace part of your cornea with corneal tissue from a donor. Your cornea is the transparent, dome-shaped surface of your eye that accounts for a large part of your eye's focusing power. A cornea transplant can restore vision, reduce pain and improve the appearance of a damaged or diseased cornea. Most cornea transplant procedures are successful. But cornea transplant carries a small risk of complications, such as rejection of the donor cornea.

Cystoscopy

Business Insider's Michelle Yan has been nearsighted since she was 9 years old. After laser eye surgery, she has 20/20. She walks us through the pre-surgery steps, the actual surgery, as well as the recovery process.

MORE MEDICAL TECH:
8 Medical Procedures That Are Improving Lives
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Lifelike Medical Robot Actually Bleeds
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What It's Like To Get Laser Eye Surgery

Watch as Dr. Benjamin Carson performs risky brain surgery on young Payton to remove a brain tumor. Dr. Carson, director of pediatric neurosurgery, is just one of the many reasons why Johns Hopkins Children's Center was recently ranked #1 in neurology and neurosurgery in America's Best Children's Hospitals 2008

Endoscopic fenestration of suprasellar cyst in a 4 years old girl

Graphic content of Mohs surgical removal of a large Squamous Cell Carcinoma on scalp followed by reconstruction with 10 week follow up. Visit us @ skincancercentre.com.

Health Assessment: Musculoskeletal System- Nursing Skills

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Get the full lesson on musculoskeletal assessment here:
https://nursing.com/lesson/02-11-musculoskeletal/

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Health Assessment: Musculoskeletal System- Nursing Skills:

In this video we’re going to review a Musculoskeletal Assessment. The Musculoskeletal system involves the muscles, bones, and joints. This means we must assess structure AND function! If the patient cannot stand, assessments should be performed in the bed to the best of your ability. If they cannot perform Active Range of Motion (ROM), use Passive movements to determine ROM.
We love you guys! Go out and be your best selves today! And, as always, happy nursing!

Bookmarks:
0.05 Introduction
0:34 Spine assessment
1:02 Range of motion
1:39 Extremity assessment
1:52 Shoulder range of motion
2:10 Elbow & wrist range of motion
2:25 Hand range of motion
2:34 Upper extremity strength
2:54 Lower extremity range of motion
3:02 Hips range of motion
3:20 Knees range of motion
3:30 Ankles range of motion
3:38 Toes range of motion
3:42 Lower extremity strength
4:05 Outro

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NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® are registered trademarks of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, INC. and hold no affiliation with NURSING.com.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid — called follicles — located in each ovary as seen during an ultrasound exam. Infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods, excess hair growth, acne, and obesity can all occur in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. In adolescents, infrequent or absent menstruation may raise suspicion for the condition. The exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is unknown. Early diagnosis and treatment along with weight loss may reduce the risk of long-term complications, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease.

A carotid endarterectomy is performed in a sterile surgical suite or standard operating room. You may go home the same day or stay 1–2 nights after the procedure depending on your medical condition. You receive a local anesthetic or general anesthesia. Your vascular surgeon makes an incision at the front of your neck. After removing the plaque from the artery your vascular surgeon repairs the artery by stitching in a natural graft (formed from a piece of vein from elsewhere in your body) or a woven patch. The incision is closed

In medicine, the caloric reflex test is a test of the vestibulo-ocular reflex that involves irrigating cold or warm water or air into the external auditory canal.

You are most fertile at the time of ovulation, (when an egg is released from your ovaries) which usually occurs 12-14 days before your next period starts. This is the time of the month when you are most likely to get pregnant. It is unlikely that you will get pregnant just after your period, although it can happen.

nee joint aspiration and injection are performed to aid in diagnosis and treatment of knee joint diseases. The knee joint is the most common and the easiest joint for the physician to aspirate. One approach involves insertion of a needle 1 cm above and 1 cm lateral to the superior lateral aspect of the patella at a 45-degree angle. Once the needle has been inserted 1 to 1½ inches, aspiration aided by local compression is performed. Local corticosteroid injections can provide significant relief and often ameliorate acute exacerbations of knee osteoarthritis associated with significant effusions. Among the indications for arthrocentesis are crystal-induced arthropathy, hemarthrosis, unexplained joint effusion, and symptomatic relief of a large effusion. Contraindications include bacteremia, inaccessible joints, joint prosthesis, and overlying infection in the soft tissue. Large effusions can recur and may require repeat aspiration. Anti-inflammatory medi

Site enhancement oil, often called "santol" or "synthol" (no relation to the Synthol mouthwash brand), refers to oils injected into muscles to increase the size or change the shape. Some bodybuilders, particularly at the professional level, inject their muscles with such mixtures to mimic the appearance of developed muscle where it may otherwise be disproportionate or lagging. This is known as "fluffing".Synthol is 85% oil, 7.5% lidocaine, and 7.5% alcohol. It is not restricted, and many brands are available on the Internet. The use of injected oil to enhance muscle appearance is common among bodybuilders, despite the fact that synthol can cause pulmonary embolisms, nerve damage, infections, sclerosing lipogranuloma,[60] stroke,[55] and the formation of oil-filled granulomas, cysts or ulcers in the muscle. Rare cases might require surgical intervention to avoid further damage to the muscle and/or to prevent loss of life. Sesame oil is often used in such mixtures, which can cause allergic reactions such as vasculitis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Email this page to a friend Print Facebook Twitter Google+ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease. Having COPD makes it hard to breathe. There are two main forms of COPD: Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucus Emphysema, which involves damage to the lungs over time Most people with COPD have a combination of both conditions. Causes Smoking is the main cause of COPD. The more a person smokes, the more likely that person will develop COPD. But some people smoke for years and never get COPD. In rare cases, nonsmokers who lack a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin can develop emphysema. Emphysema Other risk factors for COPD are: Exposure to certain gases or fumes in the workplace Exposure to heavy amounts of secondhand smoke and pollution Frequent use of a cooking fire without proper ventilation Symptoms Symptoms may include any of the following: Cough, with or without mucous Fatigue Many respiratory infections Shortness of breath (dyspnea) that gets worse with mild activity Trouble catching one's breath Wheezing Because the symptoms develop slowly, some people may not know that they have COPD.

General Physical Examination

The procedure was performed under wrist block regional anesthesia with tourniquet control. A single Chinese finger trap was used on the thumb with 5 to 8 lb of ongitudinal traction. The arm was held down with wide tape around the tourniquet securing it to the hand table to serve as countertraction. A shoulder holder, rather than a traction tower, was used to facilitate fluoroscopic intervention more easily. The Trapeziometacarpal joint was detected by palpation. Joint distension was achieved by injecting 1 to 3 mL of normal saline (Fig. 1). It is important to distally direct the needle approximately 20 degrees to clear the dorsal flare of the metacarpal base and enter the joint capsule. This course should be reproduced upon entering with arthroscopic sleeve/ trocar assembly to minimize iatrogenic cartilage injury. Fluid distention is important to facilitate this. The incision for the 1-R (radial) portal, used for proper assessment of the dorsoradial ligament, posterior oblique ligament, and ulnar collateral ligament, was placed just volar to the abductor pollicis longus tendon. The incision for the 1-U (ulnar) portal, for better evaluation of the anterior oblique ligament and ulnar collateral ligament, was made just ulnar to the extensor pollicis brevis tendon. A short-barrel, 1.9-mm, 30- degree inclination arthroscope was used for complete visualization of the CMC joint surfaces, capsule, and ligaments, and then appropriate management was done, as dictated by the stage of the arthritis detected (Fig. 2A). A full-radius mechanical shaver with suction was used in all the cases, particularly for initial debridement and visualization. Most of the cases were augmented with radiofrequency ablation to perform a thorough synovectomy and radiofrequency was also used to perform chondroplasty in the cases with focal articular cartilage wear or fibrillation. Chondroplasty refers to thedebridement of the fibrillated cartilage to improve vascularity of the cartilage and enhance the growth of fibrocartilage. Ligamentous laxity and capsular attenu- ation were treated with thermal capsulorraphy using a radiofrequency shrinkage probe. We were careful to avoid thermal necrosis; hence, a striping technique was used to tighten the capsule of the lax joints. The striping technique refers to thermal shrinkage performed in longitudinal stripes on the lax capsule, so as to leave vascular zones between the stripes; hence, thermal necrosis is prevented. Arthroscopic stage I disease was characterized by synovitis without any cartilage wear, wherein a synovectomy coupled with thermal capsulor- raphy as described was performed.

Learn with Dr. Wahdan 2
You can download the lecture from this link
https://docdro.id/5ni1FFZ

CARDIAC TAMPONADE!!! The surgeon in this video is performing a pericardiotomy in a 30-year-old man that presented to ER after a motor vehicle crash....

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is an alternative modality of treatment for small sized renal cell carcinoma. Robot assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RLPN) has also been performed with an advantage in repairing resected surface after tumor resection. We compare the periopera...

tive data of patients treated with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with those of RLPN undertaken patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From September 2006 to April 2008, 22 patients were treated with LPN and 22 were RLPN. 3 arms were used for RLPN; camera was inserted through the 12mm, umbilical trocar port. The laparoscopic Bulldog clamp was used for the clamping of renal hilum. We retrospectively compared each group about tumor size, operation time, estimated blood loss, warm ischemic time and hospital stay. RESULT: Operation time of LPN was shorter than that of RLPN (p=0.033). Tumor size, estimated blood loss and hospital stay was not significant different in each group. No case had conversion to open surgery. 1 patient of RLPN group, however, had conversion to radical nephrectomy due to severe bleeding. CONCLUSION: RLPN was safe and feasible in small sized renal cell carcinoma. Warm ischemic time was reasonable and morbidity associated with RLPN was also low. RLPN LPN p-value Tumor Size (cm) 2.5 2.1 0.605 Op time (min) 169.3 140.8 0.033 EBL (ml) 243.2 213.2 0.878 Warm Ischemic Time (min) 29.2 26.4 0.237 Transfusion (%) 4.5 4.5 0.756 Hospital stay (day) 4.4 5.5 0.053

Here's a quick simple way to determine if a pH disturbance is respiratory or metabolic.