Endoscopic crushing of a bladder stone

The male reproductive system includes the scrotum, testes, spermatic ducts, sex glands, and penis. These organs work together to produce sperm, the male gamete, and the other components of semen.

For blunt trauma patients lying supine, drains should be placed anteriorly in the chest. This pevents a tension pneumothorax developing if the chest tube is blocked by dependent lung tissue. Normal movement of the lungs will allow drainage of a basal haemothorax through an anterior chest tube

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) or acute liver failure (ALF) is defined as the rapid development of acute liver injury with severe impairment of the synthetic function and hepatic encephalopathy in a patient without obvious, previous liver disease.

Watch as Dr. Benjamin Carson performs risky brain surgery on young Payton to remove a brain tumor. Dr. Carson, director of pediatric neurosurgery, is just one of the many reasons why Johns Hopkins Children's Center was recently ranked #1 in neurology and neurosurgery in America's Best Children's Hospitals 2008

What are diverticula? Diverticula are outpouchings that most commonly happen in the sigmoid colon of the large intestine. The presence of a diverticulum is defined as diverticulosis, whereas diverticulitis describes an inflamed diverticulum

What causes rheumatic fever? Rheumatic fever is not an infection itself, but rather the result of an untreated strep infection. When your body senses the strep infection, it sends antibodies to fight it. Sometimes, these antibodies attack the tissues of your joints or heart instead. If the antibodies attack your heart, they can cause your heart valves to swell, which can lead to scarring of the valve "doors" (called leaflets or cusps). Who is at risk for rheumatic fever? Fewer than 0.3% of people who have strep throat also get rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is most common among children aged 5 to 15, but adults may have the condition as well. Doctors think that a weakened immune system may make some people more likely to get rheumatic fever. And, although antibiotic medicines have reduced the number of cases of rheumatic fever in developed countries, there are still thousands of reported cases. What are the symptoms of rheumatic fever and how is it diagnosed? Symptoms of rheumatic fever usually begin 1 to 6 weeks after you have had a strep infection. They are Fever Joint pain or swelling in your wrists, elbows, knees, or ankles Small bumps under the skin over your elbows or knees (called nodules) A raised, red rash on your chest, back, or stomach Stomach pain or feeling less hungry Weakness, shortness of breath, or feeling very tired Your doctor will begin by doing a throat culture to find out if you have a strep infection. Then, your doctor will use a stethoscope to listen to your heart. He or she will also look for nodules on your joints. Sometimes, blood tests, chest x-rays, or an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) may be needed for a more definite diagnosis. How is rheumatic fever treated? Rheumatic fever must be treated right away. If you have a sore throat that lasts longer than 3 days, or if you have a fever and headache along with your sore throat, you should see your doctor for a throat culture. Even if you do not have a sore throat but have a fever and a skin rash, this could also mean a strep infection, and you should get tested. Remember rheumatic fever can result from an untreated strep infection, so it is very important to treat the infection before it leads to a worse condition.

demonstrates how the Epley maneuver is performed to treat POSTERIOR canal BPPV affecting the right ear. Animation showing what is going on within the inner ear is also shown in the 2nd half of the video.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Email this page to a friend Print Facebook Twitter Google+ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common lung disease. Having COPD makes it hard to breathe. There are two main forms of COPD: Chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucus Emphysema, which involves damage to the lungs over time Most people with COPD have a combination of both conditions. Causes Smoking is the main cause of COPD. The more a person smokes, the more likely that person will develop COPD. But some people smoke for years and never get COPD. In rare cases, nonsmokers who lack a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin can develop emphysema. Emphysema Other risk factors for COPD are: Exposure to certain gases or fumes in the workplace Exposure to heavy amounts of secondhand smoke and pollution Frequent use of a cooking fire without proper ventilation Symptoms Symptoms may include any of the following: Cough, with or without mucous Fatigue Many respiratory infections Shortness of breath (dyspnea) that gets worse with mild activity Trouble catching one's breath Wheezing Because the symptoms develop slowly, some people may not know that they have COPD.

Most minor cuts you can treat yourself -- but know when to see a doctor:

Surgeons at St Mary's Hospital, part of Imperial College Healthcare have come up with a new surgical procedure that cures heartburn with a device called RefluxStop.

Mr Ahmed Ahmed, a consultant surgeon, says surgery should now be seen as an alternative to life-long drug treatment - as Sky's Thomas Moore reports.

Read more: https://news.sky.com/story/new....-nhs-heartburn-surge

#heartburncure #surgery #skynews

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Not every woman undergoes a traditional vaginal delivery with the birth of her child. Under conditions of fetal or maternal distress, or in the case of breech presentation (when a baby is turned feet first at the time of delivery), or if the woman’s first baby was born by cesarean delivery, a procedure called a cesarean section may be required. During a cesarean, a doctor will make either a lateral incision in the skin just above the pubic hair line, or a vertical incision below the navel. As the incision is made, blood vessels are cauterized to slow bleeding. After cutting through the skin, fat, and muscle of the abdomen, the membrane that covers the internal organs is opened, exposing the bladder and uterus. At this time the physician will generally insert his or her hands into the pelvis in order to determine the position of the baby and the placenta. Next, an incision is made into the uterus and any remaining fluids are suctioned from the uterus. The doctor then enlarges the incision with his or her fingers. The baby’s head is then grasped and gently pulled with the rest of its body from the mother’s uterus. Finally, the abdominal layers are sewn together in the reverse order that they were cut. The mother is allowed to recover for approximately three to five days in the hospital. She will also be quite sore and restricted from activity for the following several weeks. There are several potential complications associated with this procedure that should be discussed with a doctor prior to surgery.

Detailed examination of the joints is usually not included in the routine medical examination. However, joint related complaints are rather common, and understanding anatomy and physiology of both normal function and pathologic conditions is critically important when evaluating the symptomatic patient. By gaining an appreciation for the basic structures and functioning of the joint, you'll be able to "logic" your way thru the exam, even if you can't remember the eponym attached to each specific test!

This video: The veins around your anus tend to stretch under pressure and may bulge or swell. Swollen veins (hemorrhoids) can develop from an increase in pressure in the lower rectum. Factors that might cause increased pressure include: Straining during bowel movements.

Laparostomy is a surgical condition in which the abdomen is left open to contrast a condition named Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

Gallbladder "Lumigram" - shows the common bile duct(being probed) and the cystic duct (the duct YOU WANT TO CUT)

Are you seeking sinus, allergy, or nasal congestion relief? Nasal irrigation, also known as nasal rinsining, is your solution! Nasal Care's nasal irrigation system is an all-natural, simple, and easy sinus and allergy treatment that brings gentle and soothing sinus relief. Visit www.nasalcleanse.com to learn more about the safe, simple and all-natural relief you can experience with NasalCare's nasal irrigation system.

Lasik eye surgery at the Detroit Medical Center's Advanced Laser and Clear Vision Center offer patients pain-free, life-changing procedures that correct nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism. ~ Detroit Medical Center

Carpal tunnel release (part 1). Skin incision and retraction. Procedure performed by Deepak Kapila, MD, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL. Courtesy of BroadcastMed (http://ortho.broadcastmed.com/....4229/videos/carpal-t

There are hundreds more procedural videos as well as news, features, resources and references on Medscape.com. Join today for free.

(cryptorchidism) is a testicle that hasn't moved into its proper position in the bag of skin hanging below the penis (scrotum) before birth. Usually just one testicle is affected, but about 10 percent of the time both testicles are undescended. An undescended testicle is uncommon in general, but common among baby boys born prematurely. The vast majority of the time, the undescended testicle moves into the proper position on its own, within the first few months of life. If your son has an undescended testicle that doesn't correct itself, surgery can relocate the testicle into the scrotum.