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During open carpal tunnel release surgery, the transverse carpal ligament is cut, which releases pressure on the median nerve and relieves the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. An incision is made at the base of the palm of the hand. This allows the doctor to see the transverse carpal ligament.
A talus fracture is a break in one of the bones that forms the ankle. This type of fracture often occurs during a high-energy event, such as a car collision or a high-velocity fall. Because the talus is important for ankle movement, a fracture often results in significant loss of motion and function. In addition, a talus fracture that does not heal properly can lead to serious complications, including chronic pain. For this reason, many talus fractures require surgery.
MRCPCH Clinical Revision - more videos at http://mrcpch.paediatrics.co.uk
Revise for your MRCPCH Clinical exam, with videos and high quality content created by the London Paediatrics Trainees Committee.
Video Credits: Dr Caroline Fertleman, Dr Hermione Race, Dr Camilla Sen, Dr Chloe Macaulay, Dr Emma McLaren, Chris Knapp
Most healthy children are inattentive, hyperactive or impulsive at one time or another. It’s normal for preschoolers to have short attention spans and be unable to stick with one activity for long. Even in older children and teenagers, attention span often depends on the level of interest. The same is true of hyperactivity. Young children are naturally energetic — they often are still full of energy long after they’ve worn their parents out. In addition, some children just naturally have a higher activity level than others do. Children should never be classified as having ADHD just because they’re different from their friends or siblings. Children who have problems in school but get along well at home or with friends are likely struggling with something other than ADHD. The same is true of children who are hyperactive or inattentive at home, but whose schoolwork and friendships remain unaffected.
Possible causes include a combination of biological, psychological, and social sources of distress. Increasingly, research suggests these factors may cause changes in brain function, including altered activity of certain neural circuits in the brain. The persistent feeling of sadness or loss of interest that characterizes major depression can lead to a range of behavioral and physical symptoms. These may include changes in sleep, appetite, energy level, concentration, daily behavior, or self-esteem. Depression can also be associated with thoughts of suicide. The mainstay of treatment is usually medication, talk therapy, or a combination of the two. Increasingly, research suggests these treatments may normalize brain changes associated with depression.
Bone marrow is the soft, sponge-like material found inside bones. It contains immature cells known as hematopoietic or blood-forming stem cells. (Hematopoietic stem cells are different from embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells can develop into every type of cell in the body.) Hematopoietic stem cells divide to form more blood-forming stem cells, or they mature into one of three types of blood cells: white blood cells, which fight infection; red blood cells, which carry oxygen; and platelets, which help the blood to clot. Most hematopoietic stem cells are found in the bone marrow, but some cells, called peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs), are found in the bloodstream. Blood in the umbilical cord also contains hematopoietic stem cells. Cells from any of these sources can be used in transplants.
Clinical Review First aid and treatment of minor burns BMJ 2004; 328 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1487 (Published 17 June 2004) Cite this as: BMJ 2004;328:1487 Article Related content Metrics Responses Jackie Hudspith, clinical nurse lead, Sukh Rayatt, specialist registrar, plastic and reconstructive surgery Author affiliations Introduction Some 250 000 burns occur annually in the United Kingdom. About 90% of these are minor and can be safely managed in primary care. Most of these will heal regardless of treatment, but the initial care can have a considerable influence on the cosmetic outcome. All burns should be assessed by taking an adequate history and examination.
Usually a sebaceous cyst grows very slowly and doesn't cause pain. However, they can become inflamed or infected, with the overlying skin becoming red, tender, and sore. Sometimes, they occur on a site that is constantly irritated, such as a cyst on your neck that rubs against your collar.
Liddle syndrome is an inherited form of high blood pressure (hypertension). This condition is characterized by severe hypertension that begins unusually early in life, often in childhood, although some affected individuals are not diagnosed until adulthood. Some people with Liddle syndrome have no additional signs or symptoms, especially in childhood. Over time, however, untreated hypertension can lead to heart disease or stroke, which may be fatal.
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Coloscopy | Colon Polyp Resection | Polypectomy
Colonoscopies are essential for detecting colorectal abnormalities, including colon polyps. Polypectomy, the surgical removal of these growths, can prevent them from becoming cancerous. This article offers a brief overview of colonoscopies, colon polyps, and polypectomy procedures.
A colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination allowing healthcare providers to visualize the colon and rectum using a colonoscope. The colonoscope, a flexible tube with a camera and light source, helps detect abnormalities, including polyps or tumors.
Colon polyps are abnormal growths arising from the colon's inner lining. While most polyps are benign, some can become malignant. Adenomatous polyps have a higher potential to become cancerous, whereas hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps pose a lower risk.
Polypectomy involves removing colon polyps during a colonoscopy. Two primary techniques include snare polypectomy, using a wire loop to cut the polyp, and cold forceps polypectomy, which employs forceps to grasp and remove smaller polyps.
Following a polypectomy, patients may experience mild discomfort or bleeding. Regular surveillance is crucial to minimize colorectal cancer risk. The frequency of surveillance colonoscopies depends on the number, size, and type of polyps found, as well as the patient's overall risk factors.
Colonoscopies and polypectomies play vital roles in detecting and removing colon polyps, reducing the risk of colorectal cancer, and maintaining optimal colon health.
Do you want to learn more about colon polyps and colonoscopy? check our:
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Duodenal atresia, also known as duodenojejunal atresia, is the congenital absence or complete closure of a portion of the lumen of the duodenum. It causes increased levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy (polyhydramnios) and intestinal obstruction in newborn babies.