The typical radiograph is of a well-defined, rounded, retrocardiac opacity with an air-fluid level. In this image, the radiolucent gas is highlighted in blue, while the gastric contents are highlighted in the green. In many cases of hiatal hernia, there will not be an air bubble below the left hemidiaphragm. This is a relatively expected finding considering that the stomach is no longer in its usual position. The anatomical position of the herniated organ can be further elucidated on the lateral radiograph. Here we can see that the stomach is in the middle mediastinum posterior to the heart and above the diaphragm. Hiatal hernias can look similar to a retrocardiac lung abscess or another cavitary lesion, but it will change in size and shape between radiographs. Large hernias can shift the mediastinum to the right and result in a widening of the carinal angle. They can even give the appearance of cardiomegaly. In this radiograph, the cardiac silhouette is distinctly visible within the confines of the hiatal hernia. To review, a hiatal hernia on an AP chest radiograph typically appears as a round retrocardiac opacity with an air-fluid level.

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Disclaimer: All the information provided by Medical Education for Visual Learners and associated videos are strictly for informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice from your health care provider or physician. It should not be used to overrule the advice of a qualified healthcare provider, nor to provide advice for emergency medical treatment. If you think that you or someone that you know may be suffering from a medical condition, then please consult your physician or seek immediate medical attention.

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A Fistulotomy is the surgical opening or removal of a fistulous tract. They can be performed by excision of the tract and surrounding tissue, simple division of the tract, or gradual division and assisted drainage of the tract by means of a seton; a cord passed through the tract in a loop which is slowly tightened over a period of days or weeks.

Fistulas can occur in various areas of the human body, and the location of the fistula influences the necessity of the procedure. Some, such as ano-vaginal and perianal fistulas are chronic conditions, and will never heal without surgical intervention.

This video provides a guide peforming a respiratory examination in an OSCE station, including real-time auscultation sounds of common pathology such as coarse crackles, fine crackles, wheeze and stridor.

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Chapters:
- Introduction 00:00
- General inspection 00:40
- Inspection of the hands 00:50
- Schamroth's window test 01:09
- Heart rate and respiratory rate 01:50
- Jugular venous pressure 02:02
- Face, eyes and mouth 02:13
- Anterior chest inspection 02:36
- Trachea and cricosternal distance 03:01
- Palpation of apex beat 03:16
- Chest expansion 03:28
- Lung percussion 03:50
- Auscultation of lungs 04:21
- Vocal resonance 05:03
- Lymph node palpation 05:32
- Inspection of posterior chest 06:04
- Posterior chest expansion 06:10
- Percussion of posterior chest 06:32
- Auscultation of posterior chest 06:55
- Sacral and pedal oedema 08:04
- Summary of findings 08:39

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Always adhere to your medical school/local hospital guidelines when performing examinations or clinical procedures. DO NOT perform any examination or procedure on patients based purely upon the content of these videos. Geeky Medics accepts no liability for loss of any kind incurred as a result of reliance upon the information provided in this video.

Some people have found this video useful for ASMR purposes.

Special thanks to www.easyauscultation.com and Andy Howes for providing some of the respiratory sounds.

There's a small area called the Grafenberg spot, or G-spot, inside the vagina. It's located about an inch or so inside the vaginal opening on the upper vaginal wall — closest to the bellybutton. The G-spot is sexually sensitive and swells slightly during arousal and feels raised or bumpy

Amazing Lung Inflation

Watch that video to know if Does Circumcision Affect Male Orgasm?

Aortic Valve-Sparing Operation in a Patient with Aortic Root Aneurysm using a new Prosthesis for Anatomical Reconstruction of the Sinuses of Valsalva

The abortion pill is a medicine called mifepristone that ends an early pregnancy.In general, it's used up to 70 days — 10 weeks — after the first day of a woman's last period. Patients over this mark can have an in-clinic abortion procedure.

When both mucosa and stroma are parts of the suspect lesion, a deep biopsy is needed. The Cervicore is designed to harvest samples from the cervix and vagina with minimal collateral injury to the surrounding tissues. The procedure is easy with minimal discomfort to the patient.

For benign colorectal diseases, totally laparoscopic left-sided colectomy was already reported on some papers. Nowadays, there is increasingly demanded minimally invasive surgerys on malignant bowel diseases including colorectal cancers and so we developed the new techniques in that specimen is del...ivered through the open rectal stump, especially, using Sani Sleeve(TM). In this operation video, you can see that an anvil was fixed to proximal colonic stump with intracorporeal purse-string suture using Endo-stitch(TM). (SETA : Specimen Extraction Through Anus)

Spontaneous pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition in patients with severe underlying lung disease; thus, tube thoracostomy is the procedure of choice in SSP. Pleurodesis decreases the risk of recurrence, as does thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) to excise the bullae

What is tropical sprue? Tropical sprue is diagnosed when somebody has long-standing GI problems and has visited tropical regions in the past. It's thought to be caused by bacterial overgrowth and often leads to villous atrophy.

Brushing flossing and rinsing -the winning combination for preventing gingivitis

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Barrett's esophagus is a complication of chronic (long lasting) and usually severe gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), but occurs in only a small percentage of patients with GERD. Criteria are needed for screening patients with GERD for Barrett's esophagus. Until validated criteria are available, it seems reasonable to do screening endoscopies in GERD patients who cannot be taken off acid suppression therapy after two to three years. The diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus rests upon seeing (at endoscopy) a pink esophageal lining that extends a short distance (usually less than 2.5 inches) up the esophagus from the gastroesophageal junction and finding intestinal type cells (goblet cells) on biopsy of the lining. There is a small but definite increased risk of cancer of the esophagus (adenocarcinoma) in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

The best sleep position during pregnancy is “SOS” (sleep on side). Even better is to sleep on your left side. Sleeping on your left side will increase the amount of blood and nutrients that reach the placenta and your baby. Keep your legs and knees bent, and put a pillow between your legs.

Plastic Surgery Disasters

Nosebleeds are common due to the location of the nose on the face, and the large amount of blood vessels in the nose. The most common causes of nosebleeds are drying of the nasal membranes and nose picking (digital trauma), which can be prevented with proper lubrication of the nasal passages and not picking the nose.

Big wart blister after freezing with liquid nitrogen.