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Achalasia is a neurogenic esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired esophageal peristalsis and a lack of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation during swallowing. Symptoms are slowly progressive dysphagia, usually to both liquids and solids, and regurgitation of undigested food. Evaluation typically includes manometry, barium swallow, and endoscopy. Treatments include dilation, chemical denervation, surgical myotomy, and peroral endoscopic myotomy.
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic liver disease resulting from progressive destruction of the bile ducts in the liver – called the intrahepatic bile ducts. Bile produced in your liver travels via these ducts to your small intestine where it aids in the digestion of fat and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K). When the ducts are destroyed, bile builds up in the liver contributing to inflammation and scarring (fibrosis). Eventually this can lead to cirrhosis and its associated complications, as scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue and liver function becomes increasingly impaired.
Renal artery stenosis is the narrowing of one or more arteries that carry blood to your kidneys (renal arteries). Narrowing of the arteries prevents normal amounts of oxygen-rich blood from reaching your kidneys. Your kidneys need adequate blood flow to help filter waste products and remove excess fluids. Reduced blood flow may increase blood pressure in your whole body (systemic blood pressure) and injure kidney tissue.
Pharyngitis is caused by swelling in the back of the throat (pharynx) between the tonsils and the voice box (larynx). Most sore throats are caused by colds, the flu, coxsackie virus or mono (mononucleosis). Bacteria that can cause pharyngitis in some cases: Strep throat is caused by group A streptococcus.
Atrial Fibrillation is the most common heart rythmn abnormatlity and is very common as you age. Atrial fibrillation is a condition in which the top chambers of the heart, the Atrium are fibrillating, rather than having a regular synchronized contraction. One of the worst complications of Atrial Fibrillation can be Stroke. There are very good treatments of Atrial Fibrillation. This animated video is an overview of Atrial Fibrillation.
Hip Resurfacing Surgery Videos Welcome to the website of the Asian Regional Center for Hip Resurfacing (ARCH) is a specialized surgical center in Apollo Speciality Hospital Chennai. More than 1350 Hip Resurfacing Surgeries have been performed so far. Asian Regional Center for Hip Resurfacing is the first specialized resurfacing center in Asia. Patients with arthritis and hip pain travel from all over the world travel to ARCH for hip surgery. Hip Resurfacing Surgery has revolutionized hip arthroplasty especially for younger and active patients. Unlike conventional Total Hip Replacement (THR) the hip resurfacing conserves the bone in the hip which would be crucial in younger patients. No restrictions are imposed on the resurfaced hip and the patient can participate in any professional or recreational activity after the surgery.
Watch this video to learn how and when to change a dressing for a child with a hemodialysis catheter. You should change your child's dressing if it becomes soiled with water or blood or if it comes off at home. Keeping a clean dressing on your child will limit risk of infection.
This form of liver cancer is called primary liver cancer. Noncancerous, or benign, liver tumors are common. They do not spread to other areas of the body, and they usually do not pose a serious health risk. In most cases, benign liver tumors are not detected because they cause no symptoms.
Most people develop several moles (nevi) throughout adulthood. Moles can be found anywhere on the body, usually in sun-exposed areas, and are usually brown, smooth, and slightly raised. In most cases, a nevus is benign and doesn't require treatment. Rarely, they turn into melanoma or other skin cancers. A nevus that changes shape, grows bigger, or darkens should be evaluated for removal.
Arthritis occurs when the cartilage breaks down explains Dr. Derek Papp, Sports Medicine Physician with Miami Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Institute. This it’s a very common knee injury such as the damage of the cartilage and meniscus tear.
ACL tears is another common injury especially in sports like soccer or Australian football, the specialist explains.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves an immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body’s immune system is directed against the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is made up of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. Within the CNS, the immune system causes inflammation that damages myelin — the fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the nerve fibers — as well as the nerve fibers themselves, and the specialized cells that make myelin. When myelin or nerve fibers are damaged or destroyed in MS, messages within the CNS are altered or stopped completely. Damage to areas of the CNS may produce a variety of neurological symptoms that will vary among people with MS in type and severity The damaged areas develop scar tissue which gives the disease its name – multiple areas of scarring or multiple sclerosis. The cause of MS is not known, but it is believed to involve genetic susceptibility, abnormalities in the immune system and environmental factors that combine to trigger the disease. People with MS typically experience one of four disease courses. There are over a dozen treatments to help modify the MS disease process.
In today's video our patient is on the second stage of her breast reconstruction journey. Previously she had a mastectomy on the left side then we inserted a tissue expander to help stretch the breast tissue to create a pocket for the permanent breast implant that we are placing in today's video. On top of the breast implant we are grafting this patient's own fat into the breast to add a little extra volume and help it be more symmetrical with the other breast.
Peripheral Vascular Examination OSCE - Clinical Skills - Dr Gill
In the cardiovascular examination, particularly in the case of an OSCE station, we conclude the examination often by stating that the examiner would want to perform:
- An ECG
- Check full blood count
- and "do a peripheral vascular examination
In this video, we demonstrate that oft-talked about, but comparatively less common examination.
Starting off, with the examination of the hands, the radial, brachial and carotid pulses. before moving down to assess for a AAA, checking the femoral and popliteal pulses, before wrapping up around the ankle with the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis pulses
For completeness, the cardiovascular examination is demonstrated here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECs9O5zl6XQ&t=2s
#PeripheralVascular #ClinicalSkills #DrGill