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Causes Of Ascites
Causes Of Ascites samer kareem 2,971 Views • 2 years ago

The accumulation of ascitic fluid represents a state of total-body sodium and water excess, but the event that initiates the unbalance is unclear. Although many pathogenic processes have been implicated in the development of abdominal ascites, about 75% likely occur as a result of portal hypertension in the setting of liver cirrhosis, with the remainder due to infective, inflammatory, and infiltrative conditions. Three theories of ascites formation have been proposed: underfilling, overflow, and peripheral arterial vasodilation. The underfilling theory suggests that the primary abnormality is inappropriate sequestration of fluid within the splanchnic vascular bed due to portal hypertension and a consequent decrease in effective circulating blood volume. This activates the plasma renin, aldosterone, and sympathetic nervous system, resulting in renal sodium and water retention. The overflow theory suggests that the primary abnormality is inappropriate renal retention of sodium and water in the absence of volume depletion. This theory was developed in accordance with the observation that patients with cirrhosis have intravascular hypervolemia rather than hypovolemia. The most recent theory, the peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis, includes components of both of the other theories. It suggests that portal hypertension leads to vasodilation, which causes decreased effective arterial blood volume. As the natural history of the disease progresses, neurohumoral excitation increases, more renal sodium is retained, and plasma volume expands. This leads to overflow of fluid into the peritoneal cavity. The vasodilation theory proposes that underfilling is operative early and overflow is operative late in the natural history of cirrhosis. Although the sequence of events that occurs between the development of portal hypertension and renal sodium retention is not entirely clear, portal hypertension apparently leads to an increase in nitric oxide levels. Nitric oxide mediates splanchnic and peripheral vasodilation. Hepatic artery nitric oxide synthase activity is greater in patients with ascites than in those without ascites. Regardless of the initiating event, a number of factors contribute to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Elevated levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine are well-documented factors. Hypoalbuminemia and reduced plasma oncotic pressure favor the extravasation of fluid from the plasma to the peritoneal fluid, and, thus, ascites is infrequent in patients with cirrhosis unless both portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia are present.

Intussuseption and Appendectomy
Intussuseption and Appendectomy DrHouse 9,397 Views • 2 years ago

Intussuseption and Appendectomy

Needle Aspiration of Pneumothorax
Needle Aspiration of Pneumothorax samer kareem 1,881 Views • 2 years ago

A small spontaneous pneumothorax may resolve without treatment; a pneumothorax arising as a result of lung disease or injury requires immediate treatment. Treatment may include insertion of a chest tube or aspiration of the free air in the chest cavity.Feb 19, 2016

Actual demo of robotic surgery for prostate cancer
Actual demo of robotic surgery for prostate cancer samer kareem 6,623 Views • 2 years ago

Understand how this world-class surgery platform operates a minimally invasive robotic surgery during a medical procedure for prostate cancer.

Cataract Surgery | Inside the OR
Cataract Surgery | Inside the OR Surgeon 717 Views • 2 years ago

The patient is awake as a laser cuts her cataract into six pieces. Then, she heads into the operating room. When she wakes up, her cataracts and nearsightedness are gone.

#insidetheor

Tongue Lipoma Removal
Tongue Lipoma Removal Scott 21,345 Views • 2 years ago

Tongue Lipoma Removal

Meniscus Tear
Meniscus Tear samer kareem 2,029 Views • 2 years ago

A torn meniscus is one of the most common knee injuries. Any activity that causes you to forcefully twist or rotate your knee, especially when putting the pressure of your full weight on it, can lead to a torn meniscus. Each of your knees has two menisci — C-shaped pieces of cartilage that act like a cushion between your shinbone and your thighbone. A torn meniscus causes pain, swelling and stiffness. You also might have trouble extending your knee fully. Conservative treatment — such as rest, ice and medication — is sometimes enough to relieve the pain of a torn meniscus and give the injury time to heal on its own. In other cases, however, a torn meniscus requires surgical repair.

Prolactin Hormone
Prolactin Hormone samer kareem 7,966 Views • 2 years ago

This video is designed for my introductory A&P course to study the endocrine system. This tutorial will take you through the various endocrine organs, hormones produced, and effects at each tissue. Prolactin is one of the 5 hormones we are studying of the anterior pituitary. SHOW MORE

Reading the 12-lead ECG
Reading the 12-lead ECG samer kareem 19,683 Views • 2 years ago

Reading the 12-lead ECG

Lymphedema Explained
Lymphedema Explained samer kareem 1,170 Views • 2 years ago

The lymphatic system is a network of specialized vessels (lymph vessels) throughout the body whose purpose is to collect excess lymph fluid with proteins, lipids, and waste products from the tissues. This fluid is then carried to the lymph nodes, which filter waste products and contain infection-fighting cells called lymphocytes. The excess fluid in the lymph vessels is eventually returned to the bloodstream. When the lymph vessels are blocked or unable to carry lymph fluid away from the tissues, localized swelling (lymphedema) is the result.

A patient suffering from Diabetic gangrene and maneged by
A patient suffering from Diabetic gangrene and maneged by "myiasis" samer kareem 2,059 Views • 2 years ago

A patient suffering from Diabetic gangrene and maneged by "myiasis"

Pediatric Surgery at Sutter Children's Center Sacramento
Pediatric Surgery at Sutter Children's Center Sacramento hooda 137 Views • 2 years ago

What to expect during the day of a pediatric surgery at Sutter Children's Center Sacramento.

Surgical cutting and removal of a deep skin cyst
Surgical cutting and removal of a deep skin cyst samer kareem 19,297 Views • 2 years ago

CT scan Abdomen
CT scan Abdomen academyo 26,526 Views • 2 years ago

The video will describe anatomical structures as seen on a CT scan. Please see discalimer on my website.

Kocher's method of relocating a dislocated shoulder
Kocher's method of relocating a dislocated shoulder samer kareem 4,322 Views • 2 years ago

This is a demonstration of the Kocher's method of relocating a dislocated shoulder

Severe Cystic Acne
Severe Cystic Acne Scott 27,419 Views • 2 years ago

Cystic acne is a severe type of acne in which the pores in the skin become blocked, leading to infection and inflammation. The skin condition mainly affects the face, but also often affects the upper trunk and upper arms. Acne most often affects adolescents and young adults, with an estimated 80 percent of people between 11 and 30 years of age experiencing acne at some point. Cystic acne is the most severe form and affects far fewer people. In 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that acne was the top reason people gave for visiting a dermatologist.

Genital Warts in Men
Genital Warts in Men samer kareem 2,843 Views • 2 years ago

Genital warts are soft growths that appear on the genitals. Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). These skin growths can cause pain, discomfort, and itching. They are especially dangerous for women because some types of HPV can also cause cancer of the cervix and vulva.

Hip Resurfacing - Vijay Bose
Hip Resurfacing - Vijay Bose Dr.Vijay C Bose 8,816 Views • 2 years ago

Dr. Vijay Bose is awarded by Sri. P. Chidambaram Honorable Minister of Finance for Young Achiver Winning Award Progarm.

Mediplus Ltd - Coventry Valve Triple IV Peripheral Connector Set
Mediplus Ltd - Coventry Valve Triple IV Peripheral Connector Set jamesurieUK 14,198 Views • 2 years ago

To facilitate the delivery of fluids during labour, obstetric anaesthetists from Coventry designed a triple IV peripheral connector with a central high-flow anti-reflux valve. This connector, now rightly known as the Coventry valve, can be used for all theatre settings and is especially useful in obstetrics, ICU, HDU and orthopaedics. More details on www.mediplus.co.uk

Understanding Cardiac Surgery
Understanding Cardiac Surgery Surgeon 77 Views • 2 years ago

Dr. Matthew Slater talks about why cardiac surgery may be necessary if medications aren't an effective treatment option.

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