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What is hemodialysis and how does it work? Who needs it? How do you prepare for it? In the United States, over 30 million Americans have kidney disease, and sometimes, kidney disease progresses to kidney failure or end-stage renal disease. When this happens, you cannot survive unless you have a kidney transplant or some form of dialysis. So today we're going to talk about hemodialysis.

Your kidneys are the two kidney bean-shaped organs that are located in your lower back, or in your flanks. And the kidneys are responsible for filtering out or cleaning your blood. They get rid of excess waste, excess toxins, and excess fluids. If your kidneys stop functioning, then you develop renal failure or end-stage renal disease.

What is Hemodialysis?
Hemodialysis, or blood dialysis, is the filtering of your blood outside of your body. So, if your kidneys stop working properly, the hemodialysis acts as a substitute kidney. Now it's important to note that hemodialysis does not actually correct your own kidney function. It does not fix or treat your kidneys.

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What is The Dialyzer?
The dialyzer is actually the filter. It's the main powerhouse of the hemodialysis system, and it is what actually acts as the substitute kidney. In the dialyzer, you have these hollow fibers that run through it, and these fibers are bathed in something called dialysates, or dialysis fluid.

How Often Are Patients Treated With Hemodialysis?
Most patients who are on hemodialysis are on it between three and six hours, about three days a week, especially if they go to a center.

How Does Hemodialysis Work?
So when you are on dialysis, how does your blood get from your body to the hemodialysis machine and then back to your body? Well, it does so through tubes, and those tubes are connected to your access, and we'll talk about access in just a moment. But as far as the tubing, the tubing is connected to your body.

Types Of Hemodialysis Access
Arteriovenous Fistula or AV Fistula
The AV fistula is the gold standard as far as hemodialysis access is concerned because it gives you the most efficient hemodialysis and it is the least likely to be infected.

Arteriovenous Graft or AV Graft
The AV graft is very similar to the AV fistula in that you still have a surgically connected artery and a vein, usually in the arm, but in the case where if you have veins that are rather thin or arteries that are thin and maybe too weak in order to really give you a properly functioning, substantial AV fistula, then the vascular surgeon may opt to add an artificial material in order to make that shunt a little stronger, or little more durable. And so, an AV graft is another option for dialysis access.

Catheter
If you're in a situation where you need temporary dialysis, or if you have acute kidney injury, then you may have a temporary Vascath placed, and it's usually placed in a vein of the neck, the internal jugular vein, or it can be placed in the groin, or in the femoral vein.

Who Needs Hemodialysis Treatment?
How do you know if you need hemodialysis, and when is it time to prepare? Well, if you follow up with your kidney doctor (nephrologist) regularly, he or she will be watching your labs. They'll be able to see those signs of your kidneys not functioning properly.

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue. Connective tissue holds all the body's cells, organs and tissue together. It also plays an important role in helping the body grow and develop properly. Connective tissue is made up of proteins.

Lumpectomy means that a focal area of cancer is going to be removed. A lot of patients with a lumpectomy don’t need any specific breast reconstruction, explains Dr. Miguel Angel Medina, Director of Microsurgery with Miami Cancer Institute.
Al the end of surgical treatment, all those patients go on to need radiation therapy. For patients who have large breasts, physicians have to take a larger lumpectomy than normal.

Macrobiopsy of breast lesions is a complicated procedure when performed with vacuum assisted biopsy tools. The Spirotome is a hand-held needle set that doesn't need capital investment, is ready to use and provides tissue samples of high quality in substantial amounts. In this way quantitative molecular biology is possible with one tissue sample. The Coramate is an automated version of this direct and frontal technology.

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Lattrell Wells was a perfect candidate for the MACI procedure. Dr. Michael O'Malley is a sports medicine surgeon at Carilion Clinic, "It’s a two stage procedure. So what we do is we actually harvest a small portion of the patient's cartilage and bone cells and we send it to a lab where the lab then that grows additional cartilage cells. It comes back to us in a little sheet and six weeks after that initial surgery, we re-implant the cartilage in a second surgery where we implant that sheet depending on the size of lesion right where his defect. This the only option where there’s virtually no risk of any kind of graft rejection or anything of that nature.

External cephalic version is a process by which a breech baby can sometimes be turned from buttocks or foot first to head first. External cephalic version (ECV) is a manual procedure that is advocated by national guidelines for breech presentation singleton pregnancy, in order to enable vaginal delivery.

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Learn one of the hidden reasons why you still have a thyroid symptoms. If your lab results are "normal"--then why do you still have thyroid symptoms like: * Tired, sluggish * Can't lose weight even with exercise * Feel cold—hands, feet, or all over * Require excessive amounts of sleep to function properly * Increase in weight gain even with low-calorie diet * Gain weight easily * Difficult, infrequent bowel movements * Depression, lack of motivation * Morning headaches that wear off as the day progresses * Outer third of eyebrow thins * Thinning of hair on scalp, face or genitals or hair loss * Dryness of skin and/or scalp * Mental sluggishness * Nervousness and emotional * Insomnia * Night sweats

This video shows you how to examine the hand and wrist and how to identify common causes of pain.

This video clip is part of the FIFA Diploma in Football Medicine and the FIFA Medical Network. To enrol or to find our more click on the following link http://www.fifamedicalnetwork.com

The Diploma is a free online course designed to help clinicians learn how to diagnose and manage common football-related injuries and illnesses. There are a total of 42 modules created by football medicine experts. Visit a single page, complete individual modules or finish the entire course.

The network provides the opportunity for clinicians around the world to meet and share ideas relating to football medicine. Ask about an interesting case, debate current practice and discuss treatment strategies. Create a profile and log on to interact with other health professionals from around the globe.

This is not medical advice. The content is intended as educational content for health care professionals and students. If you are a patient, seek care of a health care professional.

The word enuresis is derived from a Greek word (enourein) that means “to void urine.” It can occur either during the day or at night (though some restrict the term to bedwetting that occurs at night). Enuresis can be divided into primary and secondary forms.

Internal Bleeding Detection

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type. It is characterized by problems paying attention, excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person's age.

Treatment of Penis Deep Dorsal Venous Leakage of Erectile Dysfunction by Embedding the Deep Dorsal Vein

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Cranial Nerves Mnemonic

A biopsy is a diagnostic test that involves collecting small pieces of tissue, usually through a needle, for examination with a microscope. A kidney biopsy can help in forming a diagnosis and in choosing the best course of treatment.

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