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Tourette syndrome (also called Tourette's disorder or simply, "Tourette's") is an abnormal neurological condition characterized by motor and vocal tics. Tics are involuntary, rapid, sudden repetitive movements or sounds. Tics can be classified in a variety of ways. Motor tics can affect any part of the body including the head, neck, face, arms, shoulders, hands, feet, or legs. Facial tics, especially eye blinking, are usually the first symptoms of TS. Vocal tics are sounds that are made involuntarily. Vocal tics can include clearing the throat, coughing, sniffing, grunting, yelping, or shouting. In a few cases, vocal tics can include strange, inappropriate, or obscene words and phrases (called coprolalia). Vocal tics can also appear as constantly repeating the words of others (echolalia).
The typical radiograph is of a well-defined, rounded, retrocardiac opacity with an air-fluid level. In this image, the radiolucent gas is highlighted in blue, while the gastric contents are highlighted in the green. In many cases of hiatal hernia, there will not be an air bubble below the left hemidiaphragm. This is a relatively expected finding considering that the stomach is no longer in its usual position. The anatomical position of the herniated organ can be further elucidated on the lateral radiograph. Here we can see that the stomach is in the middle mediastinum posterior to the heart and above the diaphragm. Hiatal hernias can look similar to a retrocardiac lung abscess or another cavitary lesion, but it will change in size and shape between radiographs. Large hernias can shift the mediastinum to the right and result in a widening of the carinal angle. They can even give the appearance of cardiomegaly. In this radiograph, the cardiac silhouette is distinctly visible within the confines of the hiatal hernia. To review, a hiatal hernia on an AP chest radiograph typically appears as a round retrocardiac opacity with an air-fluid level.
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Disclaimer: All the information provided by Medical Education for Visual Learners and associated videos are strictly for informational purposes only. It is not intended as a substitute for medical advice from your health care provider or physician. It should not be used to overrule the advice of a qualified healthcare provider, nor to provide advice for emergency medical treatment. If you think that you or someone that you know may be suffering from a medical condition, then please consult your physician or seek immediate medical attention.
Examination of Peripheral Vascular System - Clinical Skills OSCE Revision - Dr Gill
In this video, we demonstrate the peripheral vascular examination - a less common examination, but still vitally important, particularly amongst the older population
Starting with the examination of the hands looking for clinical signs of vascular compromise, we then check the pulses of the major arteries of the upper body - the radial, brachial and carotid arteries, before moving down to assess for an abdominal aortic aneurysm.
At this point, I feel it's a practical step to check the femoral pulses before doing the overview of the legs.
After visually assessing we must examine the major vascular areas of leg.- namely the popliteal pulses, before wrapping up around the ankle with the posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis pulses
For completeness, the cardiovascular examination is demonstrated here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECs9O5zl6XQ&t=2s
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This video demonstrates Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Fully Explained Skin-to-Skin Video with Near Infrared Cholangiography performed by Dr R K Mishra at World Laparoscopy Hospital. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves removing the gallbladder. It is typically performed using small incisions in the abdomen, through which a laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera and light) and surgical instruments are inserted. The surgeon uses the laparoscope to visualize the inside of the abdomen and to guide the instruments in removing the gallbladder.
Near-infrared cholangiography is a technique that uses a special camera and fluorescent dye to visualize the bile ducts during surgery. The dye is injected into the cystic duct (the tube that connects the gallbladder to the bile ducts) and the camera detects the fluorescence emitted by the dye, allowing the surgeon to see the bile ducts more clearly.
The combination of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and near-infrared cholangiography has become a standard of care in many hospitals and surgical centers. It allows for a more precise and efficient surgery, reducing the risk of complications such as bile duct injury.
The use of indocyanine green (ICG) with near-infrared imaging during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has several advantages. Here are some of them:
Better visualization of the biliary anatomy: ICG with near-infrared imaging allows for better visualization of the biliary anatomy during surgery. This helps the surgeon identify important structures, such as the cystic duct and the common bile duct, and avoid injuring them.
Reduced risk of bile duct injury: With better visualization of the biliary anatomy, the risk of bile duct injury during surgery is reduced. Bile duct injury is a serious complication that can occur during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and can lead to long-term health problems.
Improved surgical precision: ICG with near-infrared imaging also improves surgical precision. The surgeon can better see the tissues and structures being operated on, which can help reduce the risk of bleeding and other complications.
Shorter operating time: The use of ICG with near-infrared imaging can shorten the operating time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This is because the surgeon can more quickly and accurately identify the biliary anatomy, which can help streamline the surgery.
Overall, the use of ICG with near-infrared imaging is a valuable tool in laparoscopic cholecystectomy that can improve surgical outcomes and reduce the risk of complications.
Like any surgical procedure, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) has potential complications. Here are some of the most common ones:
Bleeding: Bleeding during or after the surgery is a possible complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Most cases are minor and can be easily controlled, but in rare cases, significant bleeding may require a blood transfusion or even additional surgery.
Infection: Any surgical procedure carries a risk of infection. After laparoscopic cholecystectomy, there is a risk of infection at the site of the incisions or within the abdomen. Symptoms may include fever, pain, redness, or drainage from the incision sites.
Bile leakage: In some cases, a small amount of bile may leak from the bile ducts into the abdominal cavity after gallbladder removal. This can cause abdominal pain, fever, and sometimes requires further surgery or treatment.
Injury to nearby organs: During the surgery, there is a small risk of unintentional injury to nearby organs such as the liver, intestines, or bile ducts. This can cause additional complications and may require further treatment.
Adverse reactions to anesthesia: As with any surgery requiring general anesthesia, there is a small risk of adverse reactions to the anesthesia, such as an allergic reaction, respiratory problems, or heart complications.
Most patients recover without complications following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, but it is important to discuss any concerns or questions with your surgeon beforehand.
Contact us
World Laparoscopy Hospital
Cyber City, Gurugram, NCR Delhi
INDIA : +919811416838
World Laparoscopy Training Institute
Bld.No: 27, DHCC, Dubai
UAE : +971525857874
World Laparoscopy Training Institute
8320 Inv Dr, Tallahassee, Florida
USA : +1 321 250 7653
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UPDATE 1/30/15: Watch the updated version of this animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LVP6JngpgEE
This 3D medical animation shows how adhesions in the abdomen may cause complications. These problems may include obstruction, twisting, and dislocating areas of the small intestine. Adhesions can be separated with laparoscopic instruments.
ANH00037
Unique 3D technology from Olympus:
http://www.olympus-europa.com/....medical/en/medical_s
Discover the 3rd dimension of endoscopy and experience laparoscopy in a totally new dimension.
Contact us for more information:http://www.olympus-europa.com/....medical/en/medical_s