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A cardiovascular examination in a child patient is demonstrated in this pediatrics video, covering pulse, blood pressure, and capillary refill time. These bedside checks are core parts of the pediatric physical assessment. A clinical-skills resource for medical students. Educational only — not medical advice.

A video showing the examination of femoral hernia.

An excellent video demonstrating how a laparoscopy is performed to evaluate the uterus (note a small fibroid appearing as a bulge in the uterus), fallopian tubes and ovaries. Blue dye is injected into the uterus, entering the fallopian tubes and spilling from the end of the tubes into the abdominal cavity, confirming that both tubes are open

A breech birth is the birth of a baby from a breech presentation. In the breech presentation the baby enters the birth canal with the buttocks or feet first as opposed to the normal head first presentation.

There are either three or four main categories of breech births, depending upon the source:

* Frank breech - the baby's bottom comes first, and his or her legs are flexed at the hip and extended at the knees (with feet near the ears). 65-70% of breech babies are in the frank breech position.

* Complete breech - the baby's hips and knees are flexed so that the baby is sitting crosslegged, with feet beside the bottom.

* Footling breech - one or both feet come first, with the bottom at a higher position. This is rare at term but relatively common with premature fetuses.

* Kneeling breech - the baby is in a kneeling position, with one or both legs extended at the hips and flexed at the knees. This is extremely rare, and is excluded from many classifications.

As in labour with a baby in a normal head-down position, uterine contractions typically occur at regular intervals and gradually cause the cervix to become thinner and to open. In the more common breech presentations, the baby’s bottom (rather than feet or knees) is what is first to descend through the maternal pelvis and emerge from the vagina.

At the beginning of labour, the baby is generally in an oblique position, facing either the right or left side of the mother's back. As the baby's bottom is the same size in the term baby as the baby's head. Descent is thus as for the presenting fetal head and delay in descent is a cardinal sign of possible problems with the delivery of the head.

In order to begin the birth, internal rotation needs to occur. This happens when the mother's pelvic floor muscles cause the baby to turn so that it can be born with one hip directly in front of the other. At this point the baby is facing one of the mother's inner thighs. Then, the shoulders follow the same path as the hips did. At this time the baby usually turns to face the mother's back. Next occurs external rotation, which is when the shoulders emerge as the baby’s head enters the maternal pelvis. The combination of maternal muscle tone and uterine contractions cause the baby’s head to flex, chin to chest. Then the back of the baby's head emerges and finally the face.

Due to the increased pressure during labour and birth, it is normal for the baby's leading hip to be bruised and genitalia to be swollen. Babies who assumed the frank breech position in utero may continue to hold their legs in this position for some days after birth.

Fertilization of the egg with sperm generally occurs during the two weeks following the first day of your last menstrual period.1 The week of pregnancy that you are entering is dated from the first day of your last period. This means that in the first two weeks or so, you are not actually pregnant - your body will be preparing for ovulation as normal.

Chinese Complete Physical Clinical Exam

This childbirth video records labor and birth in high definition. The recording presents the stages of delivery in an educational context for viewers learning about how the birth process unfolds. The footage follows the delivery from labor through the birth.

This video demonstrates the use of an episiotomy to facilitate vaginal delivery of a baby

Inguinal hernia Diagram of an indirect, scrotal inguinal hernia ( median view from the left). Diagram of an indirect, scrotal inguinal hernia ( median view from the left). By far the most common hernias (up to 75% of all abdominal hernias) are the so-called inguinal hernias. For a thorough understanding of inguinal hernias, much insight is needed in the anatomy of the inguinal canal. Inguinal hernias are further divided into the more common indirect inguinal hernia (2/3, depicted here), in which the inguinal canal is entered via a congenital weakness at its entrance (the internal inguinal ring), and the direct inguinal hernia type (1/3), where the hernia contents push through a weak spot in the back wall of the inguinal canal. Inguinal hernias are more common in men than women while femoral hernias are more common in women.

This video demonstrates the rectal examination, a clinical assessment used to evaluate the rectum and nearby structures. The recording shows how the examination is performed as part of a complete physical assessment in medical practice. The examination can help assess the prostate and check for abnormalities.

An educational explanation of the mechanism of vaginal childbirth — the movements the baby makes through the pelvis during labor. Educational only — not medical advice.

This 3D animation explains congestive heart failure, a condition in which the heart cannot pump blood as efficiently as it should. The visualization shows how the heart's pumping action weakens over time and how fluid can build up in the body as the condition develops. Animations like this are widely used in patient and student education.

Male urethral catheterization with a Foley catheter is demonstrated in this educational video, using sterile technique from preparation through placement. It is a practical clinical-skills resource for nursing and medical students learning urinary catheter care. Procedure education only — not personal medical advice.

This educational video documents a surgical abortion procedure, showing the clinical steps involved. It is presented for medical students and clinicians learning gynecological procedure technique. Educational only — not medical advice.

An educational video of a vaginal breech birth and how clinicians manage this presentation. Educational only — not medical advice.

ectal exam is an internal examination of the rectum such as by a physician or other healthcare professional.
The digital rectal examination (DRE, Latin palpatio per anum or PPA) is a relatively simple procedure. The patient is placed in a position where the anus is accessible and relaxed (lying on the side, squatting on the examination table, bent over the examination table, etc). The physician inserts a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum through the anus and palpates the insides.
The DRE is inadequate as a screening tool for colorectal cancer because it examines less than 10% of the colorectal mucosa; colonoscopy is preferred. However, it's an important part of a general examination, as many tumors or other diseases are made manifest in the distal part of the rectum.

This examination may be used: * for the diagnosis of rectal tumors and other forms of cancer; * in males, for the diagnosis of prostatic disorders, notably tumors and benign prostatic hyperplasia; * for the diagnosis of appendicitis or other examples of an acute abdomen (i.e. acute abdominal symptoms indicating a serious underlying disease); * for the estimation of the tonicity of the anal sphincter, which may be useful in case of fecal incontinence or neurologic diseases, including traumatic spinal cord injuries; * in females, for gynecological palpations of internal organs * for examination of the hardness and color of the feces (ie. in cases of constipation, and fecal impaction); * prior to a colonoscopy or proctoscopy. * to evaluate haemorrhoids

The DRE is frequently combined with an FOBT (fecal occult blood test), which may be useful for diagnosing the etiology of an anemia and/or confirming a gastrointestinal bleed.

Sometimes proctoscopy may also be part of a rectal examination.

A breast examination performed after breast implant surgery is shown in this clinical video. The recording demonstrates how the breasts are assessed during follow-up examination after augmentation. It is an educational resource for clinicians and students interested in plastic surgery follow-up care.

An educational video of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for enlarged prostate. Procedure education only — not personal medical advice.

http://www.hypodermic-injection.com This is a demonstration of an IM hypodermic injection administered in the gluteus maximus muscle. The patient is in the prone position.

Full examination of the female from head to toe by Loyola Medical School, Chicago. Part 4