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Labyrinthitis is a mild, often self-limited condition characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, and a loss of balance. The disorder often follows a viral illness (eg, influenza). Labyrinthitis may also be caused by trauma, bacterial infection, allergies, benign tumors, and certain medications .
A digital rectal examination (DRE) is a simple procedure doctors use to examine the lower rectum and other internal organs. A DRE is done for a number of reasons. It's a quick, easy way to check the health of a man's prostate gland. It can detect conditions like an enlarged prostate
Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a procedure to remove tissue from inside your uterus. Doctors perform dilation and curettage to diagnose and treat certain uterine conditions — such as heavy bleeding — or to clear the uterine lining after a miscarriage or abortion.
Megacolon, as well as megarectum, is a descriptive term. It denotes dilatation of the colon that is not caused by mechanical obstruction.[1, 2] Although the definition of megacolon has varied in the literature, most researchers use the measurement of greater than 12 cm for the cecum as the standard. Because the diameter of the large intestine varies, the following definitions would also be considered: greater than 6.5 cm in the rectosigmoid region and greater than 8 cm for the ascending colon. Megacolon can be divided into the following 3 categories: Acute megacolon ( pseudo-obstruction) Chronic megacolon, which includes congenital, acquired, and idiopathic causes Toxic megacolon
This patient presented to the ER for umbilical pain and had a history of umbilical hernia. He was concerned about the possibility of incarceration of the hernia.
In this video we explain how the clinical exam helps to differentiate a simple painful hernia from an incarcerated one.
***Thanks to the patient for sharing his history and exam with YouTube world***
Barrett's esophagus is a complication of chronic (long lasting) and usually severe gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD), but occurs in only a small percentage of patients with GERD. Criteria are needed for screening patients with GERD for Barrett's esophagus. Until validated criteria are available, it seems reasonable to do screening endoscopies in GERD patients who cannot be taken off acid suppression therapy after two to three years. The diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus rests upon seeing (at endoscopy) a pink esophageal lining that extends a short distance (usually less than 2.5 inches) up the esophagus from the gastroesophageal junction and finding intestinal type cells (goblet cells) on biopsy of the lining. There is a small but definite increased risk of cancer of the esophagus (adenocarcinoma) in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
Identify the anatomy and explain the physiology of the scrotum on diagrams and sonograms.
Describe and demonstrate the protocol for sonographic scanning of the scrotum.
Identify and describe sonographic images of congenital abnormalities of the scrotum.
Identify and describe sonographic images of pathologies of the scrotum.
Identify and describe sonographic images of extratesticular disease processes.
Identify the anatomy and explain the physiology of the prostate on diagrams and sonograms.
Describe and demonstrate the protocol for transabdominal and endorectal sonographic scanning of the prostate.
Identify and describe sonographic images of benign and malignant pathologies of the prostate, including benign hyperplasia, prostatitis, carcinoma, and calculi.
Explain the technique for prostate biopsy.
Define the criteria for an ultrasound appearance of prostate tumor staging.
Explain the technique for radiation seed implantation.
Explain the Patient Privacy Rule (HIPAA) and Patient Safety Act (see reference).